Bastnaesite
Neodymium, inombolo ye-athomu ye-60, ubunzima be-athomu 144.24, kunye nomxholo we-0.00239% kwi-crust, ngokukodwa ekhoyo kwi-monazite kunye ne-bastnaesite.Kukho ii-isotopi ezisixhenxe ze-neodymium kwindalo:neodymium142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, kunye ne-150, kunye neodymium 142 enomxholo ophezulu.Ngokuzalwa kweipraseodymiuminto,neodymiumKwakhona kwavela.Ukufika kweneodymiumisiqalelo senze iumhlaba onqabileyointsimi, yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiumhlaba onqabileyointsimi, kwaye ilawule iumhlaba onqabileyoimarike.
Ukufunyanwa kweNeodymium
UKarl von Welsbach (1858-1929), umfumani weNeodymium
Kwi-1885, i-chemist yase-Austrian uCarl Auer von Welsbach wafumanisaneodymiumeVienna.Wahlukananeodymiumkwayeipraseodymiumukusuka kwi-symmetricalneodymiumizixhobo ngokwahlula i-crystalline ammonium dinitrate tetrahydrate kwi-nitric acid, kwaye yahlula ngohlalutyo lwe-spectral.Noko ke, kwaba ngowe-1925 awathi ahlukaniswa ngendlela esulungekileyo ngokwentelekiso.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1950s, ubunyulu obuphezulu (ngaphezu kwama-99%).neodymiumifunyenwe ikakhulu ngenkqubo ye-ion yotshintshiselwano ye-monazite.Intsimbi ngokwayo ifunyenwe nge-electrolysis yeetyuwa zayo ze-halide.Okwangoku, uninzineodymiumikhutshwe kwilitye le-Bastana (Ce, La, Nd, Pr) CO3F kwaye ihlanjululwe ngokutsalwa kwe-solvent.Ukuhlanjululwa kwe-ion exchange igcinelwe ukulungiselela ukucoceka okuphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo> 99.99%).Ngenxa yobunzima ekususeni imikhondo yokugqibela yeipraseodymiumkwixesha lokuvelisa ngokuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji ye-crystallization step-by-step, kwangethubaneodymiumiglasi eyenziwe ngoo-1930 yayinombala omfusa okanye o-orenji osulungekileyo kuneenguqulelo zangoku.
Neodymium metalinobengezela bentsimbi eqaqambileyo yesilivere, indawo yokunyibilika eyi-1024 ° C, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-7.004g/cm ³, Ineparamagnetism.Neodymiumyenye yezona zisebenzayoiintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ethi ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza i-oxidize kwaye ibe mnyama emoyeni, yenze umaleko we-oxide othi emva koko uxoke, uveze isinyithi ukwenzela ukuba i-oxidation iqhubeke.Ngoko ke, ubukhulu be-centimeterneodymiumisampulu ifakwe oxidized ngokupheleleyo kunyaka omnye.Yenza ngokucothayo emanzini abandayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza emanzini ashushu.
Neodymiumuyilo lwe-elektroniki
Uyilo lombane:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4
Ukusebenza kwelaser yeneodymiumkungenxa yokutshintshwa kwee-electron ze-4f orbital phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla.Esi sisixhobo se-laser sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunxibelelwano, ukugcinwa kolwazi, unyango, ukusetyenzwa koomatshini, kunye nezinye iinkalo.Phakathi kwabo,yttrium aluminiyamigarnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusebenzeni kwayo okugqwesileyo, kunye ne-Nd dopedgadolinium scandiumi-gallium garnet kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweneodymium
Oyena msebenzisi mkhulu weneodymiumyi-neodymium iron boron imathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina.Imagnethi ye-iron boron ye-Neodymium inemveliso yamandla kazibuthe ephezulu kwaye zaziwa njenge "kumkani yeemagnethi ezisisigxina".Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini afana ne-elektroniki kunye noomatshini ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo okugqwesileyo.UFrancis Wall, unjingalwazi wokusetyenziswa kwemigodi kwiSikolo saseCumburn seMigodi kwiYunivesithi yase-Exeter e-UK, wathi: “Ngokwemagnethi, akukho khuphiswano ngenene.neodymium.”Uphuhliso oluyimpumelelo lwe-Alpha magnetic spectrometer luphawula ukuba iipropathi ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi zaseTshayina ze-neodymium iron boron magnets ziye zafikelela kumanqanaba odidi lwehlabathi.
Imagnethi yeNeodymium kwihard disk
Neodymiumingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiseramikhi, iglasi emfusa eqaqambileyo, iirubhi ezenziweyo kwiilaser, kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo enokucoca imitha ye-infrared.Isetyenziswe kunyeipraseodymiumukwenza iiglasi zabasebenzi abavuthela iglasi.
Ukongeza i-1.5% kwi-2.5% nanoneodymium oxideukuya kwi-magnesium okanye i-aluminium alloys inokuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu, ukungangeni komoya, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesixhobo se-aerospace.
Nanometeryttrium aluminiyamI-garnet idibene nayoneodymium oxideyenza imiqadi ye-laser yamaza amafutshane, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokuwelda kunye nokusika izinto ezibhityileyo ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10mm.
Nd: intonga laser YAG
Kwinkqubo yonyango, nanoyttrium aluminiyamiilaser zegarnet ezifakwe nanoUcoceko oluPhezulu 99.9% I-Neodymium Oxide CAS No 1313-97-9 (epomaterial.com)endaweni yeemela zotyando zisetyenziswa ukususa amanxeba otyando okanye okubulala iintsholongwane.
Neodymiumiglasi yenziwe ngokudibanisaneodymium oxidekwiglasi inyibilika.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-lavender ibonakalaneodymiumiglasi phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga okanye ukukhanya kwe-incandescent, kodwa ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phantsi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent.Neodymiumingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imibala ethambileyo yeglasi efana ne-violet ecocekileyo, i-burgundy, kunye negrey eshushu.
Neodymiumiglasi
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji kunye nokwandiswa kunye nokwandiswa kobuchwepheshe bomhlaba obunqabileyo,neodymiumiya kuba nendawo ebanzi yokusetyenziswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-26-2023