Umhlaba onqabileyo,Yaziwa ngokuba "yiTrove yeTrove" yezixhobo ezitsha, njengezinto ezisebenzayo zomsebenzi, zinokuwuphucula kakhulu umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezinye iimveliso, kwaye zaziwa ngokuba "yi-Vitamins" yomzi-mveliso wanamhlanje. Abasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kumashishini anjenge-Metrojecger, i-Perochemics, i-ceramics yeglasi, isikhumba, i-HOLTION, i-STEERNGE YOLUNTU, kodwa ikwadlala ngqo kwi-Floores, i-Supernegesiges, i-Shynersiges, i-Superming, Eletroniki, i-aerospace, kunye neShishini leNyukliya. Ezi teknoloji ziye zasetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwitekhnoloji yasemkhosini, ukukhuthaza kakhulu ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yomkhosi wale mihla.
Indima ekhethekileyo edlalwa nguumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji yomkhosi wale mihla zitsalele ingqalelo ephuma koorhulumente kunye neengcali zamazwe ahlukeneyo, njengokudweliswa njengezidwelo eziphezulu kuphuhliso lwamazwe aphezulu kunye ne-United States kunye neJapan.
Intshayelelo emfutshaneUmhlaba onqabileyoI-S kunye nolwalamano lwabo kunye noKhuselo lweMkhosi
Ngokuthetha ngokungqongqo, zonke izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinezicelo ezithile zomkhosi, kodwa eyona ndima ibalulekileyo abawudlalayo ekukhuseleni nasekusebenzeni emkhosini kufuneka ibe kwizicelo ezinjengeLaser, isikhokelo seLaser, nonxibelelwano lwase-laser, nonxibelelwano lwe-laser, nonxibelelwano lwase-laser.
Ukusetyenziswa kweumhlaba onqabileyointsimbi kwayeumhlaba onqabileyoI-ductile i-iron kwi-Iron kwi-Ofisi yanamhlanje yomkhosi
1.1 Ukusetyenziswa kweUmhlaba onqabileyoIntsimbi kwi-Ofisi yanamhlanje yomkhosi
Lo msebenzi ubandakanya iinkalo ezimbini: Ukucocwa kunye nokulwa, ikakhulu i-Deazuretion, iDeyoxition, kunye nokususwa kwegesi Inzululwazi yezomkhosi kunye nabasebenzi beTekhnoloji baphuhlise izixhobo ezininzi zomhlaba ezilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngokusebenzisa iipropathi zeumhlaba onqabileyo.
1.1.1 Intsimbi ye-Armor
Kwangoko kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960, ishishini lezixhobo zaseTshayina laqala ukuphanda ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kwi-Armor Steel kunye nentsimbi yompu, kwaye iveliswe ngempumeleloumhlaba onqabileyoIntsimbi ye-Armor efana ne-601, 603, kunye ne-623, inxibelelene ngexesha elitsha lezinto eziphambili kwimveliso yetanki e-China esekwe kwimveliso yangaphakathi.
1.1.2Umhlaba onqabileyoI-carbon yensimbi
Kwiminyaka yoo-1960s, i-China yongezwa i-0.05%umhlaba onqabileyoizinto ezikwintsimbi ethile ye-carbon towel ukuvelisaumhlaba onqabileyoI-carbon sensi. Ixabiso lefuthe elisele lelinsi lomhlaba elinqabileyo lonyuswe ngama-70% ukuya kwi-100% ngokuthelekiswa nentsimbi ye-carbon ye-carbon, kunye nexabiso lefuthe kwi-00 ℃ iphantse yaphindwa kabini. Ityala elikhulu leCartridge elenziwe ngentsimbi iqinisekisiwe kwiimvavanyo zokudubula kuluhlu lokudubula ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zobugcisa. Okwangoku, i-China igqibile kwaye ibeka kwimveliso, yaqonda ukuba inqwenele i-China enqwenele i-Popper ngentsimbi kwintsimbi ye-cartridge.
1.1.3 umhlaba onqabileyo wensimbi ye-manganese shoel kunye nelitha
Umhlaba onqabileyoIntsimbi ephezulu ye-manganese isetyenziselwa ukwenza iipleyiti zetanki, ngelixaumhlaba onqabileyoIntsimbi etyhidiweyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza amaphiko omsila, iibhuleki ze-muzzle, kunye nezakhiwo ze-Artillery, kunye nezakhiwo ze-Artillery zezakhiwo ze-Shell. Oku kunganciphisa amanyathelo okuqhubekeka, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi, kwaye kufezekise izikhombisi zeqhinga kunye nobuchwephesha.
1.2 Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nodor yomhlaba onqabileyo we-il
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-China ye-Chiga ye-Chiga yenziwa nge-semi-rigd yentsimbi eyenziwe nge-rig ephezulu ye-pig exutywe ne-30% ukuya kwi-40% yentsimbi. Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphantsi, ubugqwirha obuphezulu, ubukhulu becala nobukhali kunye nokungabukhali okuqhelekileyo, kunye nokubulala amandla obuthathaka, kunye nophuhliso lwamalungu e-HARD HORT HARD. Ukususela ngo-1963, ababhali abahlukeneyo bokudakasa benze i-ductile yomhlaba onqabileyo, ophumeleleyo kumatshini abo aphumeleleyo, kwaye baphulukene nemiphetho yamaqhekeza, ephumeleleyo kakhulu amandla okubulala. Iqokobhe le-commat yohlobo oluthile lweqokobhe eliqinisekileyo le-cannon kunye neqokobhe le-guir gun elenzelwe le nto kwilizwe lethu linenombolo esebenzayo kancinane yokubulawa kweqokobhe sentsimbi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwento engeyiyoinqabile emhlabenis ezinje nge-magnesium kunye ne-aluminium kwitekhnoloji yasemkhosini yanamhlanje
Umhlaba onqabileyoYiba nomsebenzi ophezulu wamachiza kunye ne-atomic enkulu yeatom. Xa uyongezwa kwiintsimbi ezingeyongozi kunye ne-alloys yabo, banokuhlaziya ubungakanani beenkozo, nyuse irhasi, ukufezekisa iinjongo ezifana nokuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini, iipropathi zomzimba, kunye nokusebenza komzimba. Abasebenzi basekhaya nabangaphandle basebenzise iipropathi zeumhlaba onqabileyoukuphuhlisa entshaumhlaba onqabileyoI-magnesium alloys, i-alloum alloys, i-titnium alloys, kunye neqondo lobushushu obuphezulu. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiitekhnoloji zomkhosi zanamhlanje ezinjengeejethi ezifudumeleyo, iinqwelomoya, iihelikopta, izithuthi ezingafunekiyo, kunye nesatellite ezingalunganga.
2.1Umhlaba onqabileyomagnesium alloy
Umhlaba onqabileyoI-Atneziyoys Alloys inamandla aphezulu, inokunciphisa ubunzima beenqwelomoya, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweqhinga, kwaye ube namandla okusebenza. Iumhlaba onqabileyoI-Magnesium Alfals iphuhliswe yi-China yecandelo le-China (i-Arephafter ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-Avic) ibandakanya malunga ne-10 yamabakala Alt Alloys kunye ne-Aremes ye-Alneys ye-magnesium kwaye isetyenziselwe ukuvelisa imveliso kwaye inomgangatho ophantsi. Umzekelo, i-ZM 6 i-Ignesium ye-Alney ene-neodmium enqabileyo ye-neoditium njengoko eyona nto iphambili yandiswa ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinxalenye ezingama-30 kW iipleyiti ze-30 kW. Umhlaba onqabileyo we-Agnesium Alnelum Bm25 Uphuhliswe ngokudibeneyo ngeQumrhu lokuTswa kweZimo zeZinyithi ze-China kunye neZinyithi ezingenakuthelekiswa neZinyithi eziPhakathi kwaye isetyenzisiwe kwiPipu yePhakathi.
2.2Umhlaba onqabileyoI-titanium alloy
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1970, iZiko leeBeijing kwizixhobo ze-aeronautical (ekubhekiswa kuzo njengeziko) ithathe indawo ye-aluminium kunye ne-silicon ngeIntsimbi enqabileyo yomhlaba i-cerium (Ce) Kwi-TI-A1-MO TITIATIA ALWOS, UKUNIKELELA UKUQHUTYWA KWEEMPAHLA NOKUFUNDA UKUKHUSELEKA KAKHULU NOKUZONWABISA NGOKUGQIBELA. Kule nto, ukusebenza kakhulu kweqondo eliphezulu le-Titanium Alloay ZT3 equlethwe i-cerium. Xa kuthelekiswa nezibalo zamanye amazwe, ineengenelo ezithile ekuxhathisweni kobushushu, amandla, kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza. I-Confessor Cide yenziwe isetyenziselwa i-injini ye-WP3 i-WP, ukunciphisa ubunzima kwindiza nganye nge-39 kg kunye nokunyusa umgangatho we-1.5%. In addition, the processing steps are reduced by about 30%, achieving significant technical and economic benefits, filling the gap of using cast titanium casings for aviation engines in China under 500 ℃ conditions. Uphando lubonise ukuba zincincii-cerium oxideamasuntswana kulwakhiwo lwe-ZT3 Alloty equkethei-cerium.I-ceriumIdibanisa inxenye yeoksijini kwi-alloy yokwenza i-recractory kunye nobunzima obuphezuluInqabile i-oxideIzixhobo, i-CE2O3. La masuntswana ayathintela intshukumo yokungacacanga ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-alloy, ukuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kwe-alloy.I-ceriumUkuthimba ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo (ngakumbi kwimida yengqolowa), enokuthi yomeleze i-alloy ngelixa igcina uzinzo oluhle lobushushu. Eli lilinge lokuqala lokufaka ithiyori yenqaku elinzima lokuzimasa kwi-titanium alloys. Ukongeza, emva kweminyaka yophando, iZiko leNdala eliSebenzayo liphuhlise izinzile kwaye alibiziyttrium oxideIzixhobo zesanti kunye ne-powder kwiNkqubo yokuCacisa i-ALTIAIM AWALTION, isebenzisa itekhnoloji yonyango yezimbiwa. Iphumelele amanqanaba amahle kwimihlaba ethile yobunzima, ubunzima, kunye nokuzinza kwe-titanium yolwelo. Ngokumalunga nokuhlengahlengiswa nokulawula ukusebenza kweqokobhe, ibonakalise ukuphakama okungaphezulu. Inzuzo ebalaseleyo yokusebenzisa i-Yttrium Oxide I-Fourings yemveliso ye-Titanium yile, inqanaba lomgangatho lithelekiswa nenkqubo ye-tungsten, kunokwenzeka ukuba lenze inkqubo ye-titanium ye-titanium ethambileyo kunezo zenkqubo ye-titanium ecekeceke kakhulu kunaleyo yenkqubo ye-tetinaum ethambileyo kunaleyo yenkqubo ye-tithanium ethambileyo. Okwangoku, le nkqubo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeenqwelomoya, iinjini, kunye nemikhwa yomsebenzi.
2.3Umhlaba onqabileyoi-aluminium alloy
I-HZL206 I-Aluminum enganyangekiyo i-Aluminium enganyangekiyo iqulethe umhlaba onqabileyo ophuhliswe yi-AVCE inobushushu obuphakathi kunye neepropathi zoomatshini wegumbi lokuhlala zithelekiswa ne-pheckel enamazwe aphesheya, kwaye ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamaqhinga afanayo. Ngoku isetyenziswa njenge-valve enganyangekiyo yehelikopta kunye neejethi ezinobushushu ezinamaqondo obushushu asebenzayo angama-300 ℃, ukutshintsha indawo yentsimbi kunye ne-titanium ye-allows. Ukucuthwa kobunzima bokwakha kwaye ubekwe kwimveliso yobuninzi. Amandla e-sunsleumhlaba onqabileyoI-Aluminium Silicon hypereutectic zl107 Alloty nge-200-300 ℃ iphezulu kuneyona i-piston ye-piston ye-KS280 kunye ks282. Ukunganyangeki kwawo ngamaxesha ama-4-5 aphezulu kuneyona piston ye-piston ye-LL108, kunye nokusebenza okuncinci kwendlela yokwandiswa komgca kunye nokuzinza okuhle. Isetyenziswe kwiindawo zokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya i-ky-5, i-ky-7 i-cussostes air kunye neepiks ze-injini ye-injini. Ukongezwa kweumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezikwi-aluminium zabela kakhulu kuphucula ubukhulu becala i-Micros yolwakhiwo kunye neepropathi zoomatshini. Indlela yokusebenza yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwi-Aluminium Altsss kukwenza ukusasazwa okusasazekileyo, kunye nemilinganiselo emincinci ye-aluminium idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni inqanaba lesibini; Ukongezwa kweumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zidlala indima yokufumana nokuhlanjululwa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa inani leepores kwi-alloy kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwalo;Umhlaba onqabileyoI-Aluminium Compows, njenge-tucturogenel nuclei yokuphucula izigaba ze-genetic kunye nezigaba ze-EESTETIC, ziluhlobo lwesimo sengqondo; Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwezigaba ezityebileyo zentsimbi, kunciphisa iziphumo zabo eziyingozi. I-α- isisombululo esiqinileyo sensimbi kwi-A1 ihla ngokunyuka kweumhlaba onqabileyoukongeza, okwakuyingenelo ngokuphucula amandla kunye neplastiki.
Ukusetyenziswa kweumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zokudibana kwiTekhnoloji yanamhlanje yomkhosi
3.1 icocekileI-Rure Sourtals
IcocekileI-Rure Sourtals. Xa siphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nefuthe, iintlantsi zinokubeka izixhobo ezinokutsha. Ke ngoko, kwasekuqaleni kwe-1908, yenziwa yangqungqa. Ifunyenwe ukuba phakathi kwe-17umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto, izinto ezintandathu kubandakanyai-cerium, i-lanthanum, I-Neodmium, I-Praseodziyoium, I-Sarium, kwayeyttriumyindlela elungileyo ye-arson. Abantu baguqule iipropathi ze-Arson zeRzizinto zomhlabakwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezinobunzima, ezinjenge-US Marko 82 227 kg missile, esebenzisaIntsimbi enqabileyo yomhlabaI-lining, engavelisi kuphela iziphumo zokuqhuma zokubulala kodwa ne-arson. I-Air Merican-to-Frown "Indoda ye-rocket" ixhotywe nge-108 yomhlaba onqabileyo wensimbi njengee-liners, ithathe indawo yamaqhekeza aphezulu. Iimvavanyo ezibethukayo zibonisile ukuba amandla ayo okuphelisa i-pigrite i-subs ngama-44% aphezulu kunaleyo yabangamanzisi.
3.2 ixutyweIntsimbi enqabileyo yomhlabas
Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu le-subleI-Fure Sourtals,amazwe awahlukeneyo sebenzisa ngokudibeneyoIntsimbi enqabileyo yomhlabas kwizixhobo zokudibanisa. InxalenyeIntsimbi enqabileyo yomhlabaIarhente ye-arhente ilayishwe kwiqokobhe lesinyithi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokuxinana kwe-quards Emva kokudibana, ixesha lokufudumeza komzimba lingaphezulu kunemizuzu emi-5. Ngexesha lemfazwe yaseVietnam, umkhosi wase-US wasungula grenade ye-40mm kwi-Grenade usebenzisa i-launcher, kwaye isitayile sokungena ngaphakathi senziwe ngentsimbi yomhlaba oqaqambileyo. Emva kokuba iprojectile iqhume, isiqwenga ngasinye esine-liner ekhawulezayo sinokuyifaka ithagethi. Ngelo xesha, ukuveliswa kwenyanga zebhombu kwafikelela ngeenxa zonke ezingama-200000, ubuninzi beemitha ezingama-260000.
3.3Umhlaba onqabileyoI-Alloys
Aumhlaba onqabileyoI-ALTUSCOOTION ALTEY YALWAZI I-100 G inokwenza i-2003000 ye-sparks ye-200-3000 yendawo enkulu yokugubungela, elingana ne-rading ye-rading kunye ne-Armor. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kwamanzi amaninzi ahlukeneyo kunye namandla e-quassotion sele yenye yezona ndlela ziphambili zophuhliso lwe-Ammunition ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Ukubhoboza izixhobo zentolothi kunye neegobolondo zentolongo ye-Armor, intsebenzo yazo yeqhinga ifuna ukuba i-romor yetanki yotshaba, banokuyifaka ipetroli kunye ne-amunite yabo ukuze bayitshabalalise ngokupheleleyo itanki. Kwii-grenades, kuyafuneka ukuhambisa iimpahla zomkhosi kunye nezixhobo zobuchule kuluhlu lwabo lokubulala. Kuxelwe ukuba i-boll yentsimbi enqabileyo yeplastiki eyenziwe eUnited States inomzimba olwenziwe nge-fipnikin oqingqiweyo kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo we-allow of Affed ngokuchasene neethagethi ezinamafutha anezifo zenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-4Umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zokukhuselwa emkhosini kunye neTekhnoloji yenyukliya
Isicelo kwitekhnoloji yokhuseleko emkhosini
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinemida ye-radiation ye-radiation. IZiko leSizwe le-Netron Amacandelo e-Netron e-United States asebenzise izixhobo ze-polymer njengeyona ntlobo zepleyiti kunye ne-MM yomhlaba onqabileyo ekukhuseleni i-radiation yomhla wokuvavanywa kwe-radiation. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba isiphumo se-thermal neutron neutron yeumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zePolymer ngamaxesha angama-5-6 ngcono kuneloumhlaba onqabileyoizixhobo zasimahla zePolymer. Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezinezinto ezongeziweyo ezinjeI-Sarium, I-Europium, IGadilinium, dysprosium. Okwangoku, izicelo eziphambili zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwitekhnoloji yasemkhosini zibandakanya le miba ilandelayo.
4.1.1 Ukukhusela i-nuclear
I-United States isebenzisa i-1% ye-boron kunye ne-5% yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaIGadilinium, I-Sarium, kwayei-lanthanumUkwenza i-600m ye-radiation ye-radiation ikhonkrithi yokukhusela imithombo yeNeutron ye-Fish Fism kwimithombo yokubhukuda iphuli. I-France iphuhlise i-radiation yomhlaba onqabileyo wemitha ngokwenza ukongeza,umhlaba onqabileyoimijikelezo, okanyeUmhlaba onqabileyoUkukhuphela igrafu njengeyona ndawo iphambili. Umbhendi wezinto ezikhuselweyo ozikhuselweyo kufuneka usasazwe kwaye wenze iinxalenye zangaphambili, ezibekwe kwindawo ejikeleze ijelo lokuphendula ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
4.1.2 I-TAK ye-TAK ye-radiation yemitha
Inamacala amane omveni, onobungqingqwa obungaphezulu kwe-5 ukuya kwi-20 cm. Umaleko wokuqala wenziwe ngefestile ye-fiber firdic eqinileyo, i-inorganic powder yongezwa nge-2%umhlaba onqabileyoiikhomputha njengemifanekiso ye-fillers ukuba ivimbe i-neutrons ezikhawulezayo kwaye ifungile ii-neutrons ezicothayo; Iimpawu zesibini nezesibini zongeza i-boron igrafu, i-polystyrene, kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinika ingxelo nge-10% yexabiso elipheleleyo le-filler kwi-neutrons ephakathi kwaye ifumene i-neutrons ye-shirmal; I-therne yesine isebenzisa igrafu endaweni ye-fiber yeglasi, kwaye yongeza i-25%umhlaba onqabileyoImigangatho yokufumana i-neutrons ye-thermal.
4.1.3 Abanye
Ukufaka isiceloumhlaba onqabileyoI-Anti Directions ye-radiation kwiitanki, iinqanawa, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nezinye izixhobo zomkhosi zinokuba nefuthe lemitha yokulwa.
4.2 Isicelo seTekhnoloji yenyukliya
Umhlaba onqabileyoyttrium oxideinokusetyenziswa njenge-aratinber ye-uranium ye-Uranium ye-Uranium kwi-Biling Waters (BWRS). Phakathi kwezinto zonke,IGadiliniumNgaba amandla amaninzi okufumana i-neutrons, malunga neethagethi ezingama-4600 nge-atom nganye. Indalo nganyeIGadiliniumI-Atom ifumana umndilili wee-neutrons ezi-4 ngaphambi kokusilela. Xa uxutywe ne-uranium eqinileyo,IGadiliniumUnokukhuthaza ukuguqula, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Uranium, kunye nokwandisa iziphumo.I-gadolinium oxideAyivelisi i-Deuterium eyingozi ye-Deuterium njenge-boron ye-boron ye-boron, kwaye inokuhambelana nepetroli ye-Uranium kunye nezinto zayo zokuzihlola ngexesha lokuphendula kwenyukliya. Inzuzo yokusebenzisaIGadiliniumendaweni ye-boron yileIGadiliniumIngadityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo ne-Uranium ukuthintela ukwanda kwe-nuclear rod. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, okwangoku ukuba ii-149 zabahlali zeNyukliya ezicwangcisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela, apho amaziko ama-115 acinezelweyo asebenzisa umhlaba onqabileyoI-gadolinium oxide. Umhlaba onqabileyoI-Sarium, I-Europium, kwayedysprosiumisetyenzisiwe njengabavuthelwa yi-neutron abavelisi beNeutron.Umhlaba onqabileyo yttriumInecandelo elincinci lokufaka elincinci kwi-neutrons kwaye linokusetyenziswa njengomsebenzi we-pubing for reactors zetyuwa. Iintshaba ezicekeceke zongezwaumhlaba onqabileyo IGadiliniumkwayedysprosiuminokusetyenziswa njengabacimisi be-neutron kwi-aerospace kunye ne-Nukliya leShishini yeNyukliya, izixa ezincinci zeumhlaba onqabileyoguliumkwayei-erbiuminokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokujolisa kwii-tube ze-tube ze-tube ze-tube ne-neutron, kwayeInqabile i-oxideI-europium yentsimbi ye-ceramics inokusetyenziswa ukwenza iiplate zenkxaso yokuphendula.Umhlaba onqabileyoIGadiliniuminokusetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili yokuthintela imitha ye-neutron, kunye nezithuthi ezikhutshiweyo zidibene neengubo ezikhethekileyo eziquketheI-gadolinium oxideinokuthintela imitha ye-neutron.Umhlaba onqabileyo ytterbiumisetyenziselwa izixhobo zokulinganisa i-geostingress ezibangelwa kukuqhuma okungaphantsi komhlaba. Niniinqabilehytterbiumiphantsi kwamandla, ukuxhathisa kuyanda, kwaye utshintsho olunokuxhaphaza lunokusetyenziselwa ukubala uxinzelelo olubekwe phantsi. Ukunxibelelanisaumhlaba onqabileyo IGadiliniumI-foil ifakwe kwi-vapor fidyuli kunye nokudibana okhethekileyo kunye nenqaku elinoxinzelelo kunokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwenyukliya.
5, Ukusetyenziswa kweUmhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo zeMagnet ezisisigxina kwiTekhnoloji yanamhlanje
Iumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi, ezibiwe njengesizukulwane esitsha sookumkani base-Magnetic, okwangoku zaziwa njengeyona nto iphakamileyo yentsebenzo yemagnethi. Inamaxesha angaphezu kwe-100 ephezulu ye-magnetic ephakamileyo kunentsimbi yemagnethi esemkhosini kwiminyaka yoo-1970. Okwangoku, iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwetekhnoloji yangoku, esetyenziswe kwiiTubs zohambo kunye neesetyhula kwi-lonitelites esemhlabeni, iiradire, kunye nezinye amasimi. Ke ngoko, ibalulekile emkhosini.
I-SariumI-Cobalt Magnets kunye ne-neodimium ye-Iron I-Agnets isetyenziselwa i-Elenten Beam egxile kwiinkqubo ze-missor. IMagnets yeyona zixhobo ziphambili ekugxilwe kuzo ze-elengron zezaqamshela idatha kwaye idlulise idatha kwindawo yokulawula. Kukho malunga ne-5-10 yeepawundi (2.27 ).54 kg) yemagnethi kwifowuni nganye egxile kwisikhokelo se-missile. Ukwengeza,umhlaba onqabileyoImagnethi ikwasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iimoto zombane kwaye ijikeleze i-rudder yeemijelo ezikhokelayo. Izibonelelo zabo zixoka kwiipropathi zabo ze-magnetic ezomeleleyo kunye nobunzima obulula xa kuthelekiswa ne-Alumuminium ye-Alumnum Cobalt Cobalt ye-Beamin ye-Alumt.
I-6 .UkusebenzisaUmhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo ze-laser kwiTekhnoloji yanamhlanje
I-Laser luhlobo olutsha lomthombo wokukhanya onesifo seengcongconi esihle, ukulibala, kunye nokuhambelana, kwaye unokufumana ukuqaqamba okuphezulu. I-laser kunyeumhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo zase-laser zazalwa ngaxeshanye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga ne-90% ye-laser ye-laser ibandakanyekaumhlaba onqabileyo. Umzekelo,yttriumI-Aluminiyam Garnet Crystal yi-laser esetyenziswe ngokubanzi enokufezekisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kumaqondo obushushu kwigumbi. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zeNkxaso-mali karhulumente okuqinileyo kumkhosi wale mihla kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo.
6.1 I-Laser isusela
II-NeodmiumichaphazelekileyttriumI-Aluminium ye-Gartt Leser Leser iphuhliswe ngamazwe anjenge-United States, iBritane, iFrance, iJamani inokulinganisa imigama engama-4000 ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-5. Iinkqubo zezixhobo ezinjengeLeopan Mi, iLeopard II, i-France's Lelerc, uhlobo lweJapan 90, i-MECCA ye-90, i-MECC yaseJamani, kunye netanki yamva nje isebenzisa olu hlobo lomdlalo we-laser. Okwangoku, amanye amazwe aphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha se-Laser Erserfixers Ukhuseleko lwamehlo lomntu, kunye ne-wavelength esebenzayo ye-1.5-2.iHolmiumichaphazelekileyttriumI-Lithium fluorider labers eUnited States kunye ne-United Kingdom, kunye ne-wavelength esebenzayo yesibini ye-2.06 μ, iphakame ukuya kwi-3000 m. I-United States isebenzisane ne-laser ye-laser yelizwe jikelele ukuphuhlisa i-erbiumyttriumI-Lithium Bufaroude Laser kunye ne-Wavement ye-1.73 μ ye-m's ye-msfinder kwaye ixhotywe kakhulu ngemikhosi. I-Laser Waveleth Yearfining Rinder ye-China yi-1.06 μ, isusela kwi-200 ukuya kwi-7000 m. I-China ifumana idatha ebalulekileyo evela kwi-coodolites yeTodolites kwimilinganiselo yokuGqibela ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwamagquma amade, imichiza, kunye nokunxibelelana novavanyo.
6.2 Isikhokelo se-laser
I-Laser ekhokelayo isebenzisa ii-lars kwisikhokelo se-terminal. I-NNAGLag Laser, edibanisa i-calls yepulses ngentsimbi yesibini, isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-laser ethagethi. Iipulses zifakwe kwi-pumples kwaye ukukhanya kwe-pumples can azikwazi ukukhokela impendulo ye-missile, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa ukuphazamiseka kokusungulwa kwe-missile kunye nemiqobo egcinwe lutshaba. Ibhombu ye-US GBV-15 Glider, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Gexteraust Bomb". Ngokufanayo, inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza amagobolondo akhokelayo.
6.3 Unxibelelwano lwe-laser
Ukongeza kwi-NNAG, igalelo laser yeLithiumI-NeodmiumI-phosstal crystal (i-LNP) ihleliwe kwaye ilula ukuyicaphukisa, yenze ukuba yeyeyona ithembisa i-laser ebi kakhulu. Ifanelekile njengokukhanya okukhanyayo konxibelelwano lwe-fiber optic kwaye kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kunxibelelwano lwamachwephesha kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-cosmic. Ukwengeza,yttriumI-Iron Pagnet (Y3FO12) I-Crystal enye inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo ze-magnestatic engaphezulu kwe-magnestatic esebenzisa itekhnoloji yokudityaniswa kwe-radari, esenza izicelo ezikhethekileyo kulawulo lwe-radar, i-Teletry, kunye nokuhamba ngeenyawo ze-elektroniki.
7.USEBENZISIUmhlaba onqabileyoIzinto eziphezulu eziphezulu kwiTekhnoloji yanamhlanje
Xa amajoni athile e-Iro Ukuchaswa kwe-zero ngaphantsi kobushushu obuthile, yaziwa ngokuba yi-SuperCundages, enobushushu obuphantsi (TC). I-Supercondors luhlobo lwezinto ezimbi ze-antimagnetic eziphelisa nawuphi na umzamo wokusebenzisa umhlaba wemagneti ngaphantsi kweqondo lobushushu elinzima, elaziwa njengempembelelo yeMeisisner. Ukongeza izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwizinto eziphezulu ezinamandla anokunyusa kakhulu iqondo lobushushu le-TC. Oku kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuphuculwa nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphezulu. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, amazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States kunye neJapan yongeza inani elithile leInqabile i-oxideinjengei-lanthanum, yttrium,I-Europium, kwayei-erbiumkwi-barium oxide kwayeI-Copper OxideImichiza, exubeneyo, icinezelwe, yaye yandenza ukuba yenze izixhobo ze-ceramic eziphezulu, zenza ukuba kubekho ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-Supercondling, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezongezelelekileyo.
I-7.1 isekethe ehlanganisiweyo ehlanganisiweyo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-Supercondling kwiikhompyuter ze-elektroniki zenziwa phesheya, kwaye i-Services Sket ezihlanganisiweyo zenziwe zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-ceramic. Ukuba olu hlobo lwesekethe oluhlanganisiweyo lusetyenziselwa ukwenza iikhompyuter ze-Supercovening, ayizukukhanya kuphela, ukukhanya kunobunzima obuyi-10 ukuya kwi-100 yamanqanaba e-Trionducture kwi-300 ukuya kwi-1 ye-trion ukuya kumzuzwana. Ke ngoko, umkhosi wase-US uqikelela ukuba kanye xa kube kanye emva kokuba waziswa iicomputers eziphezulu, ziya kuba "mphinda-mali" zokulwa inkqubo ye-C1 emkhosini.
7.2 Ukukhuphela itekhnoloji ye-Magnetic
Izinto ezibuthathaka ze-magnetic ezenziwe ngezinto eziphezulu ze-ceramic zinevolumu encinci, zenza kube lula ukufezekisa ukudityaniswa kunye noluhlu. Banokwenza iinkqubo zokuchongwa ezininzi kunye neenkqubo zokuchongwa ezininzi zeparamenti, ukwandisa kakhulu amandla olwazi lweyunithi kunye nokuphucula kakhulu umgama wokuqaphela kunye nokuchaneka komthombo wemagneti. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-magnescocting ye-SuperConders ayinakufumanisa kuphela iithagethi ezihambayo ezinjengeetanki, izithuthi, kunye nobukrelekrele obubalulekileyo kubuchule kunye ne-teknoloji efana nemfazwe ye-Anti kunye ne-Anti sundermarine.
Kuxelwe ukuba i-US Navy ithathe isigqibo sokukhulisa i-satellite enkundleni yesatellite esebenzisa leumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto eziphezulu zokubonisa kwaye ziphucule itekhnoloji yokuqonda. Esi satellite sibizwa ngokuba yi-Naval yomhlaba
8. UkukhangelaUmhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo ze-giastostrives kwiTekhnoloji yanamhlanje yoMkhosi
Umhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo ze-giastosting ziluhlobo olutsha lwezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezisandula ukwenziwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980. Ikakhulu idlulisela i-rander yensimbi ye-Iron. Olu hlobo lwezinto lunexabiso elikhulu kakhulu kune-iron, i-nickel, kunye nezinye izixhobo, kunye nezinye izinto zayo ze-magnetost okanye zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ezinkulu okanye ezinqabileyo. Phakathi kuzo zonke izinto zorhwebo, izinto ezinkulu zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ze-magnestostical zinexabiso eliphakamileyo labazali kunye namandla phantsi kwesenzo somzimba. Ingakumbi kuphuhliso oluphumelelayo lwe-serfenol-d magnetsostrication, ixesha elitsha lezinto zeMagnestring ivuliwe. Xa i-Terfenol-D ibekwe kwimazibtic friji, ukwahluka kwayo kuyinto enkulu kunolo lweendlela zemagneti yesiqhelo, ezivumela ukuntywila okuchaneka koomatshini ukuze kufezekiswe. Okwangoku, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kwiinkqubo ze-oyile, ukulawulwa kwe-veli yolwelo, indawo encinci yokubeka oomatshini kwii-teleskopus zendawo ye-telescopes. Itekhnoloji ye-fefenol-D yenzekile kwinkqubela phambili yeTekhnoloji yokuguqula i-elektroniki. Kwaye idlale indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokutshekisha, itekhnoloji yasemkhosini, kunye nokuphuculwa kwamashishini. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kumkhosi wale mihla ikakhulu kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:
8.1 I-Soniar
I-ECREURE REURER ROFTUTE ye-Shormart ingaphezulu kwe-2 khz, kodwa i-frequency ye-frequed engezantsi kwexesha layo elinezantya, kwaye elincinci lesandi, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwesandi sokukhusela i-echo. UNyana owenziwe ngo-Terfenol-D onokufezekisa iimfuno zamandla aphezulu, ivolumu encinci, kunye nezantya eziphantsi, ngoko ke bakhule ngokukhawuleza.
8.2 Abahlobo boMbane boMbane
Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa izixhobo ezincinci zesenzo ezilawulwayo - abaphathi. Kubandakanya ukuchaneka kokulawulwa kokufikelela kwinqanaba le-Nanometer, kunye neenkqubo ze-serso, iinkqubo zokufakelwa kwamafutha, iibhuleki ezisetyenziselwa iimoto zasemkhosini, inqwelo moya, iirobhothi zomkhosi, njl.
8.3 IZIXHOBO ZE-ETHO
I-Pocket Magnetometers, izinzwa zokufumanisa ukubamba, amandla, kunye nokukhawulezisa, kunye nezixhobo ze-acoustic ze-acoustic zanga. Le yokugqibela isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinzwa zenqanaba kwimigodi, i-sonar, kunye nezinto zokugcina kwiikhompyuter.
9. Ezinye izinto
Ezinye izinto ezinje ngeumhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo zeLumnescecent,umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zokugcina i-hydrogen, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo,umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zefriji zefriji, kwayeumhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo zokugcina iMagneto-Optical Stores zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kumkhosi wale mihlanu wokuphucula ukusebenza ngokusebenza kwezixhobo zanamhlanje. Umzekelo,umhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo ze-Luminescent zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwizixhobo zobusuku bombono. Kwizibuko lombono ebusuku, iphosprhors enqabileyo (amandla okukhanya) kwii-elektroni, eziphuculwa zizigidi ze-microscope inqwelomoya, ebonisa i-Electrons engaphezulu. Ezinye iiphosphors zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwindawo yokuphela komsila iguqula i-elektroni zibuyele kwiifoto, ke umfanekiso ungonwa yi-eyeece. Le nkqubo ifana neyo yesikrini somabonwakude, aphoumhlaba onqabileyoI-fluorescent powder ikhupha umfanekiso othile kwiscreen. Ishishini laseMelika lihlala lisebenzisa i-Niobium Pentoxide, kodwa kwiinkqubo zobusuku zeNdawo ukuze ziphumelele, inqaku elinqabileyo lomhlabai-lanthanumyinto ebalulekileyo. Kwimfazwe ye-Gulf, imikhosi ye-Intanethi yayisebenzisa ubusuku obujongisi ukuze ugcine iithagethi zexesha lemikhosi ye-Iraq kunye nexesha, ukutshintshiselana ngoloyiso oluncinci.
I-10 .Concocing
Ukuphuculwa kweumhlaba onqabileyoUmzi-mveliso uphuhlise ngempumelelo inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yomkhosi wale mihla, kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yasemkhosini kuye kwaqhubela phambili kuphuculo lweumhlaba onqabileyoishishini. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ngenkqubela phambili yeSayensi yeHlabathi kunye neTekhnoloji,umhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso ziya kudlala indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yomkhosi wale mihla ngemisebenzi yabo ekhethekileyo, kwaye iza nezibonelelo ezinkulu zentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho kwiumhlaba onqabileyoIshishini ngokwalo.
IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA: UNv-29-2023