Ngenxa yekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo, isebe le-powertrain likaTesla lisebenza nzima ukususa iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwiimotor kwaye lijonge ezinye izisombululo.
UTesla akakayiqambi imathiriyeli yemagnethi entsha ngokupheleleyo, ke inokwenza ngetekhnoloji ekhoyo, eyona nto inokwenzeka ukuba isebenzisa i-ferrite enexabiso eliphantsi kwaye yenziwe lula.
Ngokubeka ngononophelo imagnethi yeferrite kunye nokulungelelanisa eminye imiba yoyilo lweemoto, uninzi lwezalathisi zokusebenza zeumhlaba onqabileyoiinjini zokuqhuba zinokuphinda-phinda.Kule meko, ubunzima bemoto bukhula kuphela malunga ne-30%, enokuba ngumahluko omncinci xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima bemoto.
4. Imathiriyeli yemagnethi emitsha kufuneka ibe nezi mpawu zintathu zilandelayo: 1) kufuneka ibenemagnethi;2) Qhubeka nokugcina umazibuthe kubukho beminye imimandla yamagnetic;3) Inokumelana namaqondo aphezulu aphezulu.
Ngokutsho kweTencent Technology News, umenzi wezithuthi zombane uTesla uthe izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba azisayi kuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiimoto zemoto, oku kuthetha ukuba iinjineli zikaTesla ziya kufuneka zikhuphe ngokupheleleyo ubuchule babo bokufumana ezinye izisombululo.
Kwinyanga ephelileyo, u-Elon Musk ukhuphe "Icandelo leSithathu leSicwangciso esiPhambili" kumsitho woSuku loMtyali weTesla.Phakathi kwabo, kukho ingcaciso encinci ebangele ukuvakalelwa kwintsimi yefiziksi.UColin Campbell, isikhulu esiphezulu kwisebe leTesla powertrain, ubhengeze ukuba iqela lakhe lisusa iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwiimotor ngenxa yemicimbi yokubonelela kunye nefuthe elibi elibi lokuvelisa iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
Ukufezekisa le njongo, uCampbell ubonise iislayidi ezimbini ezibandakanya izinto ezintathu ezingaqondakaliyo ezibhalwe ngobuqili njengehlabathi elinqabileyo 1, umhlaba onqabileyo we-2, kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo 3. Isilayidi sokuqala simele imeko yangoku kaTesla, apho ubuninzi bemihlaba enqabileyo esetyenziswa yinkampani kwisithuthi ngasinye. ukusuka kwisiqingatha seekhilogram ukuya kwi-10 grams.Kwisilayidi sesibini, ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kuye kwancitshiswa kwazero.
Kwiingcali zemagnethi ezifunda amandla omlingo aveliswa kukushukuma kwe-elektroniki kwizinto ezithile, isazisi somhlaba onqabileyo ongu-1 sibonakala lula, esiyi-neodymium.Xa ifakwe kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana nentsimbi kunye ne-boron, le ntsimbi inokunceda ukudala ukuqina, rhoqo kwintsimi yamagnetic.Kodwa zimbalwa izixhobo ezinolu mgangatho, kwaye zimbalwa izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezivelisa amandla emagnethi anokuhambisa iimoto zeTesla ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kweekhilogram ezingama-2000, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ukusuka kwiirobhothi zamashishini ukuya kwiijethi zokulwa.Ukuba uTesla uceba ukususa i-neodymium kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwi-motor, yeyiphi imagnethi eya kuyisebenzisa endaweni?
Kwiifiziksi, inye into eqinisekileyo: UTesla akazange aqulunqe uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo lwezinto eziphathekayo.UAndy Blackburn, uSekela Mongameli oLawulayo kwiQhinga le-NIron Magnets, uthe, "Ngaphaya kwe-100 leminyaka, sinokuba namathuba ambalwa okufumana imagnethi entsha yeshishini."I-NIron Magnets sesinye seziqalo ezimbalwa ezizama ukubamba ithuba elilandelayo.
UBlackburn kunye nabanye bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uTesla uthathe isigqibo sokwenza imagnethi engenamandla kakhulu.Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka, umviwa obalaseleyo yi-ferrite: i-ceramic eyenziwe ngentsimbi kunye ne-oksijeni, exutywe kunye nexabiso elincinci letsimbi njenge-strontium.Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukuyenza, kwaye ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1950s, iingcango zesikhenkcisi kwihlabathi jikelele zenziwe ngolu hlobo.
Kodwa ngokubhekiselele kumthamo, i-magnetism ye-ferrite yinto enye yeshumi kuphela yemagnethi ye-neodymium, ephakamisa imibuzo emitsha.I-CEO ye-Tesla u-Elon Musk uye waziwa ngokungahambi kakuhle, kodwa ukuba uTesla uya kutshintshela kwi-ferrite, kubonakala ngathi ezinye iimvume kufuneka zenziwe.
Kulula ukukholelwa ukuba iibhetri zingamandla ezithuthi zombane, kodwa eneneni, kukuqhuba kwe-electromagnetic okuqhuba izithuthi zombane.Akumangalisi ukuba zombini iNkampani yeTesla kunye neyunithi yamagnetic "Tesla" ibizwa ngegama lomntu omnye.Xa ii-electron zihamba kwiikhoyili kwi-motor, zenza indawo ye-electromagnetic eqhuba amandla aphikisanayo namagnetic, ebangela ukuba ishafu yemoto ijikeleze kunye namavili.
Kumavili angasemva eemoto zeTesla, la mandla abonelelwa ziimotor ezinemagnethi ezisisigxina, izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinozibuthe ezizinzileyo kwaye akukho galelo langoku, ngenxa ye-spin ehlakaniphile yee-electron ezijikeleze ii-athomu.UTesla waqala ukongeza ezi magnethi kwiimoto malunga neminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ukuze kwandiswe uluhlu kunye nokunyusa itorque ngaphandle kokuphucula ibhetri.Ngaphambi koku, inkampani ibisebenzisa iimotor zokungenisa ezenziwe malunga nee-electromagnets, ezivelisa umazibuthe ngokusebenzisa umbane.Ezo modeli zixhotyiswe ngeenjini zangaphambili zisasebenzisa le modi.
Intshukumo kaTesla yokushiya umhlaba onqabileyo kunye neemagnethi ibonakala ingaqhelekanga.Iinkampani zeemoto zihlala zixakeke ngokusebenza kakuhle, ngakumbi kwimeko yezithuthi zombane, apho zisazama ukucenga abaqhubi ukuba boyise uloyiko lwabo loluhlu.Kodwa njengoko abavelisi beemoto beqala ukwandisa isikali semveliso yezithuthi zombane, iiprojekthi ezininzi ebezijongwa njengezingasebenzi kakuhle ziyavela kwakhona.
Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba abavelisi beemoto, kuquka iTesla, bavelise iimoto ezininzi zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP).Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri eziqulethe izinto ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel, le mizekelo ihlala inoluhlu olufutshane.Le teknoloji endala enobunzima obukhulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi wokugcina.Okwangoku, iModeli ye-3 enikwe amandla aphantsi-isantya esisezantsi inoluhlu lweekhilomitha ezingama-272 (malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-438), ngelixa iModel S ekude ixhotyiswe ngamabhetri angaphezulu inokufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-400 (iikhilomitha ezingama-640).Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium yentsimbi ye-phosphate kunokuba lukhetho lweshishini olunengqiqo, kuba ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibiza kakhulu kunye nezopolitiko ezinobungozi.
Nangona kunjalo, uTesla akunakwenzeka ukuba atshintshe iimagnethi ngento embi kakhulu, efana ne-ferrite, ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho.Ingcali yefiziksi yeYunivesithi yaseUppsala u-Alaina Vishna uthe, “Uya kuthwala umazibuthe omkhulu emotweni yakho.Ngethamsanqa, iimoto zombane ngoomatshini abantsokothileyo abanamanye amacandelo amaninzi anokulungiswa kwakhona ngokwethiyori ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusebenzisa imagnethi ebuthathaka.
Kwiimodeli zekhompyuter, inkampani yezinto eziphathekayo i-Proterial isandula ukumisela ukuba uninzi lwezalathisi zokusebenza zeemoto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokuphinda ziphindwe ngokubeka ngononophelo imagnethi ye-ferrite kunye nokulungelelanisa eminye imiba yoyilo lweemoto.Kule meko, ubunzima bemoto bukhula kuphela malunga ne-30%, enokuba ngumahluko omncinci xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima bemoto.
Ngaphandle kwezi ntloko zibuhlungu, iinkampani zeemoto zisenezizathu ezininzi zokushiya izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ukuba zinokukwenza oko.Ixabiso layo yonke imarike yomhlaba enqabileyo ifana neyokuthengisa iqanda e-United States, kwaye ngokwethiyori, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokumbiwa, zicutshungulwe, kwaye ziguqulwe zibe yimagnethi kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa enyanisweni, ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngemingeni emininzi.
Umhlalutyi wezimbiwa kunye neblogger eyaziwayo enqabileyo yokujonga umhlaba uThomas Krumer uthe, “Eli lishishini leebhiliyoni ezili-10 zeerandi, kodwa ixabiso leemveliso ezenziwe ngonyaka ngamnye lisuka kwi-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwiitriliyoni ezi-3 zeerandi, nto leyo esisixhobo esikhulu.Kukwanjalo nakwiimoto.Nokuba ziqulathe kuphela iikhilogram ezimbalwa zale nto, ukuzisusa kuthetha ukuba iimoto azinakuphinda ziqhube ngaphandle kokuba uzimisele ukuyila kwakhona yonke injini.
I-United States kunye neYurophu zizama ukuguqulela le khonkco lokubonelela.Imigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo yaseCalifornia, eyavalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, isandula ukuvulwa kwakhona kwaye ngoku ibonelela nge-15% yobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo.EUnited States, ii-arhente zikarhulumente (ingakumbi iSebe lezoKhuselo) kufuneka zibonelele ngoomazibuthe abanamandla bezixhobo ezifana neenqwelomoya kunye neesathelayithi, kwaye banomdla wotyalo-mali ekuboneleleni ngamatyathanga ekhaya nakwimimandla efana neJapan neYurophu.Kodwa ngokuqwalasela iindleko, itekhnoloji efunekayo, kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo, le yinkqubo ecothayo enokuhlala iminyaka eliqela okanye amashumi eminyaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-11-2023