Ngenxa yentshukumo yenkonzo kunye nemicimbi yokusingqongileyo, isebe lase-TSLA le-TSLA lisebenza nzima ukuze lisuse amagqwirha omhlaba onqabileyo kwi-Motors kwaye ifuna ezinye izisombululo.
UTssa awukayithathi impahla yemagnethi engatshatanga, ngenxa yoko isenokwenza itekhnoloji ekhoyo, inokwenzeka isebenzisa ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye libe senziwe ngokulula.
Ngokubeka amagqwirha anononophelo kwaye uhlengahlengiso kweminye imiba yoyilo lweemoto, uninzi lweempawu zomsebenzi zeumhlaba onqabileyoI-Chunks iphinde iphindwe. Kule meko, ubunzima bemoto bunyuka kuphela malunga ne-30%, enokuba yimanyano encinci xa ithelekiswa nobunzima bemoto ngokubanzi.
I-4. Izinto ezitsha zamaBhumet kufuneka zinezi mpawu zithathu zisisiseko: 1) Badinga ukuba ne-maynetism; 2) Qhubeka nokugcina i-magnetingm phambi kwamanye amagqabantshintshi; I-3) inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Ngokutsho kweTekhnoloji yeTencent Iindaba, umenzi wezithuthi zombane uTessa uye wachaza ukuba izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo azisayi kusetyenziswa kwi-Motors zayo zemoto, okuthetha ukuba iinjineli zikaTessa ziya kufuneka zinciphise ezinye izisombululo.
Kwinyanga ephelileyo, i-Elon Musk ikhuphe "inxalenye yesithathu yesicwangciso sobuchule" kwi-TESLA yoSuku lwaBatyali-mali. Phakathi kwazo, kukho iinkcukacha ezincinci ezizenzele imvakalelo kwintsimi yefiziksi. UColin Campbell, umlawuli ophezulu kwisebe laseTesla's Pelarain, wabhengeza ukuba iqela lakhe lisusa imiqobo enqabileyo kwi-Motors ngenxa yemicimbi yentshukumo yentshukumo enqabileyo.
Ukufezekisa le njongo, iCampbell yazisa izilayidi ezimbini ezibandakanya izinto ezintathu ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto ngoCebres 1, umhlaba onqabileyo osetyenziswa yinkampani nganye ukusuka kwisiqingatha sekhilogram ukuya kwi-2 g. Kwisilayidi sesibini, ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zincitshisiwe kwi-zero.
Ngeengcali ze-magnetologists ezifunda amandla omlingo ezenziwa ngesindululo se-elektroniki kwizixhobo ezithile, isazisi somhlaba onqabileyo 1 siyaziwa ngokulula, yi-neodium. Xa yongezwa kwizinto eziqhelekileyo njengentsimbi ne-boron, le ntsimbi inokunceda ukudala eyomeleleyo, ihlala ikwintsimi yemagnethi. Kodwa zimbalwa izinto ezinolu phawu, kwaye izinto ezimbalwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zivelisa amabala e-tesmac enokuhambisa iikhilogi ze-Tessa, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezivela kwiirobhothi zemveliso. Ukuba uTssa uceba ukususa i-neodiyoum kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ukusuka kwimoto, yeyiphi imagnethi eya kusetyenziswa endaweni?
I-phydicists, into enye iqinisekile: UTessa akazange azuze uhlobo olutsha lwezixhobo zemagnethi. I-Andy Blackburn, uMongameli weSicwangciso-qhinga esilawulayo kwiimagnethi zeNiron, wathi, "Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100, sinokuba namathuba ambalwa okufumana iimagnethi ezintsha zeshishini." IMagnets yeNiron yenye yeendlela zokuqalisa ezimbalwa zokuzama ukuthatha ithuba elilandelayo.
I-Blackburn kunye nabanye bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uTessa uthathe isigqibo sokwenza ngemagnethi engaphantsi kakhulu. Phakathi kwamathuba amaninzi, owona mgqatswa ocacileyo uFerrire: i-ceramic eyenziwe ngentsimbi kunye neoksijini, exutywe ne-strontium. Zombini zixabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukuzivelisa, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1950s, iingcango zefriji zehlabathi zenziwa ngale ndlela.
Kodwa ngokwevolumu, i-magneting ye-ferite kuphela kwesahlulo sesinye kuphela semagnethi yokuzimasa, ephakamisa imibuzo emitsha. I-TSLA CEO E-ELOLO MURK isoloko yaziwa ngokuba kukungavumi, kodwa ukuba uTsalla uza kutshintsha, kubonakala ngathi umgaqo othile mawenziwe.
Kulula ukukholelwa ukuba iibhetri ngamandla kwizithuthi zombane, kodwa enyanisweni, yi-elektromagnetic yokuqhuba eziqhuba izithuthi zombane. Ayisiyonyani ukuba zombini inkampani yeTesla kunye neyunithi yemagnetic "Tessa" ibizwa emva komntu omnye. Xa i-elektroni ihamba kwiimoto kwimoto, zivelisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic eqhuba amandla angafaniyo magazine, ebangela ukuba i-shaft yemoto ijikeleze amavili.
Kwivili elingasemva le-Tessa iimoto, la mandla anikezelwa ziiMango-manzi, izinto ezingaqhelekanga nge-magnetic firlific friza kwaye akukho galelo langoku, ngenxa ye-spin ekhokisa i-elektroni. UTessala uqalile ukongeza ezi zixhobo kwiimoto malunga neminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ukwenzela ukuba wandise uluhlu kwaye unyuse i-torque ngaphandle kokuphucula ibhetri. Ngaphambi koku, iNkampani isebenzise i-Internatos yenziwa ngee-elektromagnets, ezivelisa i-magnetism ngokuthatha umbane. Ezo modeli zixhotyiswe ngemoto zangaphambili zisasebenzisa le ndlela.
Ukuhamba kukaTesla ukushiya umhlaba onqabileyo kunye neemagnethi kubonakala ngathi yinto engaqhelekanga. Iinkampani zemoto zihlala zixakekile ngokusebenza kakuhle, ngakumbi kwimeko yezithuthi zombane, apho zisazama ukweyisela abaqhubi ukuba boyise uloyiko lwabo. Kodwa njengokuba abavelisi bemoto baqala ukwandisa umgangatho wemveliso yezithuthi zombane, iiprojekthi ezininzi ezazithathelwa ingqalelo ngaphambili zingonelanga.
Oku kuqhubele phambili abavelisi bemoto, kubandakanya iTsla, ukuvelisa ezinye iimoto usebenzisa i-lithium ye-lithium phosphate (LFP) iibhetri. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ezineempawu ezinje nge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel, ezi modeli zihlala zinoluhlu olufutshane. Le yitekhnoloji endala ngobunzima obukhulu kunye nenqanaba lokugcina eliphantsi. Okwangoku, imodeli enikwe amandla akhawulezileyo inamandla eekhilomitha ezingama-272 (malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-438), ngelixa imodeli ekude ineziikhilomitha ezingama-43 ezinesixhobo esiphezulu (iikhilomitha ezingama-640). Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium ye-phosphate ibhetri inokuba lukhetho lweshishini olunengqondo, kuba ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso elibizayo nezopolitiko.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Tessala ayinakulindeleka ukuba ithathe i-magnets ngendlela engakumbi, efana nefrriti, ngaphandle kokwenza olunye utshintsho. IYunivesithi yasePuppsaA vishna yathi, "Uya kuthwala uMazibt omkhulu emotweni yakho. Ngethamsanqa, i-cotors zombane zingamatshini onzima onamanye amacandelo amaninzi anokwenziwa ngokutsha ukunciphisa ifuthe lokusebenzisa ifuthe lokusebenzisa amagqwirha esibuthathaka.
Kwiimodeli zekhompyuter, inkampani yezinto ezibonakalayo igqibe kutsha nje zimisele ukuba uninzi lweempawu zomsebenzi ezinqabileyo zehlabathi ziphinde ziphindwe ngocwangco ngokubeka amagqwirha ngenyameko kwaye ihlengahlengise ezinye izinto zoyilo lwemoto. Kule meko, ubunzima bemoto bunyuka kuphela malunga ne-30%, enokuba yimanyano encinci xa ithelekiswa nobunzima bemoto ngokubanzi.
Ngaphandle kwezi ntloko, iinkampani zemoto zisenezizathu ezininzi zokuyeka izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ukuba zinakho ukwenjenjalo. Ixabiso layo yonke imarike yasemhlabeni enqabileyo ifana nemarike yeqanda eUnited States, kwaye ngokwethu, izinto ezinqabileyo zinokubethwa, kodwa ziyinyani, ezi nkqubo zibonisa imiceli mngeni emininzi.
Umhlalutyi weminerali kunye ne-Suble Speenti of Dogger Thomas U-Kremer watsho, "Lo ngumzi-mveliso weebhiliyoni ezili-10, kodwa ixabiso lezigidi zeedola ukusuka kwi-2 trillion ukuya kwi-3 ye-trillion ukuya kwi-3 ye-trillion ukuya kwi-3 ye-trillion ukuya kwi-3 ye-trillion kwi-3 ye-trillion ukuya kwi-3 ye-trillion ye- $ 3 yezigidigidi, i-lever enkulu. Okufanayo ukuya kwiimoto. Nokuba zineekhilogram ezimbalwa zezinto, zisusa zithetha ukuba iimoto azisasebenzi ngaphandle kokuba uzimisele ukuhlengahlengisa injini yonke injini
I-United States kunye neYurophu zizama ukutshintsha le nkuthazo yoNcedo. I-California inqabile imigodi yomhlaba, eyavalwa kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-21, iphinda isandula ukubonelela ngeepesenti ezili-15 zomhlaba onqabileyo emhlabeni. E-United States, iiarhente zikarhulumente (ngakumbi iSebe lezoKhuselo) kufuneka zibonelele ngamagqwirha abanamandla kwizixhobo ezifana nenqwelomoya kunye nesatellite malunga ne-Japan naseYurophu. Kodwa uqwalasela indleko, itekhnoloji efunekayo, kunye nemicimbi yokusingqongileyo, le yinkqubo ecothayo enokuphelisa iminyaka eliqela okanye amashumi eminyaka.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-11 ukuya kwi-2023