Umhlaba onqabileyo/izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo
Iziqalelo zeLanthanide ezinamanani eathom ukusuka kuma-57 ukuya kuma-71 kwitheyibhile yeperiodic, eyilelanthanum(La),i-cerium(Ce),ipraseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd), ipromethium (Pm)
eSamarium(Sm),ubuchopho(I-EU),gadolinium(Gd),terbium(Tb),idysprosium(Dy),iholmium(Ho),ierbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),ilutetium(Lu), ngokunjaloscandium(Sc) ngenombolo yeatom 21 kunyeiyttrium(Y) enenombolo yeathom engama-39, itotali yeelementi ezili-17
Isimboli RE simele iqela lezinto ezinemichiza efanayo.
Okwangoku, kushishino lomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nemigangatho yemveliso, umhlaba onqabileyo ubhekisa ngokubanzi kwizinto ezili-15 ngaphandle kwepromethium (Pm) kunyescandium(Sc).
Ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezine zelanthanum(La),i-cerium(Ce),ipraseodymium(Pr), kunyeneodymium(Nd).
Phakathiumhlaba onqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezintathu zeeSamarium(Sm),ubuchopho(Eu), kunyegadolinium(Gd).
Inzimaumhlaba onqabileyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezisibhozo zeterbium(Tb),idysprosium(Dy),iholmium(Ho),ierbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),ilutetium(Lu), kunyeiyttrium(Y).
Iqela leimihlaba enqabileyoikakhulu yenziwei-cerium, kuquka izinto ezintandathu:lanthanum(La),i-cerium(Ce),ipraseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd),eSamarium(Sm),ubuchopho(I-EU).
Yttriumiqelaumhlaba onqabileyo
Iqela leumhlaba onqabileyoizinto ikakhulu yakhiwe yttrium, kubandakanywagadolinium(Gd),terbium(Tb),idysprosium(Dy),iholmium(Ho),ierbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),ilutetium(Lu), kunyeiyttrium(Y).
Ukuncipha kweLanthanide
Isenzeko apho i-atomic kunye ne-ionic radii yezinto ze-lanthanide ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyuka kwenani le-athomu kuthiwa yi-lanthanide contraction.Yenziwe
Isizathu: Kwizinto ze-lanthanide, kwiproton nganye eyongezwe kwi-nucleus, i-electron ingena kwi-4f orbital, kwaye i-electron ye-4f ayiyikhuseli i-nucleus njengoko ii-electron zangaphakathi zinyuka.
Ngaphezu koko, ukujonga umtsalane wee-electron zangaphandle ziphucula, ngokuthe ngcembe kunciphisa i-atomic kunye ne-ionic radii.
Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo leentsimbi eziveliswa yi-electrolysis yetyuwa etyhidiweyo, ukuncitshiswa kwe-thermal yesinyithi, okanye ezinye iindlela zisebenzisa iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo enye okanye ngaphezulu njengezinto ezikrwada.
Isinyithi esifunyenwe kwikhompawundi yento ethile enqabileyo yomhlaba nge-electrolysis yetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, ukunciphisa i-thermal yesinyithi, okanye ezinye iindlela.
Ixutyiweiintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezenziwe ngambini okanye ngaphezuluiintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo,ngokwesiqhelolanthanum cerium ipraseodymium neodymium.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nezinto ze-oksijini, ngokuqhelekileyo zimelwe yi-chemical formula RExOy.
Ungatshatangaioksidi yomhlaba enqabileyo
Ikhompawundi eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-aumhlaba onqabileyoelement kunye neoksijini element.
Ukucoceka okuphezuluioksidi yomhlaba enqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo elithiiioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyongobunyulu obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-99.99%.
Ixutyiweiioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo
Ikhompawundi eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwezimbini nangaphezuluumhlaba onqabileyoizinto ezineoksijini.
Umhlaba onqabileyoikhompawundi
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi eziqulatheimihlaba enqabileyoyenziwe kukudibana kweentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo okanye iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezineasidi okanye iziseko.
Umhlaba onqabileyohalide
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ludibaniso lweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto kunye nezinto zeqela le-halogen.Ngokomzekelo, i-chloride yomhlaba enqabileyo idla ngokumelwa yi-chemical formula RECl3;I-fluoride yomhlaba enqabileyo idla ngokumelwa yi-chemical formula REFy.
I-sulfate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-sulfate ion, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula REx (SO4) y.
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-nitrate ion, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula RE (NO3) y.
I-carbonate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-carbonate ion, ngokuqhelekileyo zimelwe yi-chemical formula REx (CO3) y.
I-oxalate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-oxalate ion, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula REx (C2O4) y.
I-phosphate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-phosphate ions, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula REx (PO4) y.
I-acetate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lee-compounds ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-acetate ion, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula REx (C2H3O2) y.
Ialkalineumhlaba onqabileyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-hydroxide ion, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula RE (OH) y.
I-stearate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-stearate radicals, ngokuqhelekileyo imelwe yi-chemical formula REx (C18H35O2) y.
I-citrate yomhlaba enqabileyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lee-compounds ezenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-citrate ions, ngokuqhelekileyo zimelwe yi-chemical formula REx (C6H5O7) y.
Ubutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo leemveliso ezifunyenwe ngokunyusa ukuxinana kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngeendlela zekhemikhali okanye zenyama.
Umhlaba onqabileyoubunyulu
Iqhezu lobunzima beumhlaba onqabileyo(isinyithi okanye i-oxide) njengenxalenye ephambili kumxube, echazwe njengepesenti.
Ucoceko olunxulumeneyo lweimihlaba enqabileyo
Ibhekisa kubunzima beqhezu elithileumhlaba onqabileyoelement (intsimbi okanye oxide) kwisixa lilonkeumhlaba onqabileyo(isinyithi okanye i-oxide), echazwe njengepesenti.
Iyonkeumhlaba onqabileyoumxholo
Ubuninzi beqhezu lezinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwiimveliso, ezichazwe njengepesenti.Iioksidi kunye neetyuwa zazo zimelwe yi-REO, ngelixa isinyithi kunye ne-alloys yazo imelwe yi-RE.
I-oksidi yomhlaba enqabileyoumxholo
Ubuninzi beqhezu lomhlaba obunqabileyo obumelwe yi-REO kwimveliso, buchazwe njengepesenti.
Ungatshatangaumhlaba onqabileyoumxholo
Ubunzima beqhezu elinyeumhlaba onqabileyokwikhompawundi, echazwe njengepesenti.
Umhlaba onqabileyoukungcola
Kwiimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo,umhlaba onqabileyoizinto ezingaphandle kwamacandelo aphambili eemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
Hayiumhlaba onqabileyoukungcola
Kwiimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ezinye izinto ngaphandleumhlaba onqabileyoizinto.
Ukunciphisa ukutshisa
Ubuninzi beqhezu leekhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezilahlekileyo emva kokuvutha phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezichazwe njengepesenti.
Iasidi enganyibilikiyo
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo, umlinganiselo wezinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwimveliso ukuya kwiqhezu lobuninzi bemveliso, echazwe njengepesenti.
Ukunyibilika kwamanzi
I-turbidity yokunyibilikiswa ngokobungakananiumhlaba onqabileyohalides emanzini.
I-alloy yomhlaba enqabileyo
Into eyenziweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto kunye nezinye izinto ezineempawu zetsimbi.
Umhlaba onqabileyo ophakathi kwealloyi
Imeko yotshintshoingxubevange yomhlaba enqabileyo rilungele ukwenziwa kweumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso.
Umhlaba onqabileyoizinto ezisebenzayo
Ukusebenzisaumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto njengenxalenye ephambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo okugqwesileyo kwamehlo, umbane, imagnethi, iikhemikhali kunye nezinye iipropathi ezikhethekileyo, umzimba okhethekileyo, iikhemikhali, kunye neziphumo zebhayoloji zinokuqulunqwa ukufikelela impumelelo.
Uhlobo lwezinto ezisebenzayo ezinokuguqulwa zibe enye kwenye.Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu wokwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo kwaye zisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa obuphezulu.Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyoumhlaba onqabileyoizinto ezisebenzayo ziquka imathiriyeli enqabileyo yokukhanya komhlaba kunye nemagnethi yomhlaba enqabileyo
Izixhobo, izixhobo zokugcina i-hydrogen ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, izixhobo zokuthambisa umhlaba ezinqabileyo, izixhobo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, njl.
Umhlaba onqabileyoizongezo
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwemveliso, inani elincinci lomhlaba onqabileyo oqulethe izinto zongezwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Umhlaba onqabileyoizongezo
Iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezidlala indima encedisayo kwimichiza kunye nemathiriyeli yepolymer.Umhlaba onqabileyoIikhompawundi zisebenza njengezongezo ekulungiseleleni nasekuqhubeni izinto zepolymer (iplastiki, irabha, iifiber zokwenziwa, njl.njl.)
Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ezisebenzayo kuneempembelelo ezizodwa ekuphuculeni ukusetyenzwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zepolymer kunye nokuzinika imisebenzi emitsha.
Ukubandakanywa kwe-Slag
Iioksidi okanye ezinye iikhompawundi eziqhutywa kwizinto ezifanaiingots zesinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, iingcingo, kunye neentonga.
Ukwahlulahlula komhlaba okunqabileyo
Ibhekisa kubudlelwane obulungelelanisiweyo phakathi kwemixholo yeentlobo ngeentloboumhlaba onqabileyoIikhompawundi kwimixube yomhlaba enqabileyo, ebonakaliswa ngokubanzi njengepesenti yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba okanye iioksidi zazo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-30-2023