Umhlaba onqabileyo/ izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo
Izinto ze-lanthanaide ezinenombolo yeatomic zisusela kwi-57 ukuya kwi-71 kwitafile yamaxesha ngamaxesha, ezizezii-lanthanum(LA),i-cerium(CE),I-Praseodziyoium(Pr),I-Neodmium(I-ND), PROMIIUM (PM)
I-Sarium(I-sm),I-Europium(I-EU),IGadilinium(GD),I-Terbium(I-TB),dysprosium(Dy),iHolmium(Ho),i-erbium(Er),gulium(I-TM),ytterbium(YB),lutitium(Lu), kunyeIsikali(I-SC) ngenani leatomic 21 kwayeyttrium(Y) ngenani leatomic 39, iyonke i-17 izinto
Isimboli ikwamele iqela lezinto ezinemimandla yemichiza efanayo.
Okwangoku, kumzi-mveliso womhlaba onqabileyo kunye nemigangatho yemveliso, umhlaba onqabileyo ubhekisa kwizinto ezili-15 ngaphandle kweprometium (PM) kwayeIsikali(I-SC).
Ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezinto ezine zei-lanthanum(LA),i-cerium(CE),I-Praseodziyoium(Pr), kwayeI-Neodmium(I-ND).
Phakathiumhlaba onqabileyo
Ikota eqhelekileyo kwizinto ezintathu zeI-Sarium(I-sm),I-Europium(EU), kwayeIGadilinium(GD).
Inzimaumhlaba onqabileyo
Ikota eqhelekileyo kwizinto ezisibhozo zeI-Terbium(I-TB),dysprosium(Dy),iHolmium(Ho),i-erbium(Er),gulium(I-TM),ytterbium(YB),lutitium(Lu), kwayeyttrium(Y).
I-ceriumiqelaumhlaba onqabileyo
Iqela leumhlaba onqabileyoubukhulu becalai-cerium, kubandakanya izinto ezintandathu:i-lanthanum(LA),i-cerium(CE),I-Praseodziyoium(Pr),I-Neodmium(I-ND),I-Sarium(I-sm),I-Europium(I-EU).
Yttriumiqelaumhlaba onqabileyo
Iqela leumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zenziwe ikakhulu yttrium, kubandakanyaIGadilinium(GD),I-Terbium(I-TB),dysprosium(Dy),iHolmium(Ho),i-erbium(Er),gulium(I-TM),ytterbium(YB),lutitium(Lu), kwayeyttrium(Y).
I-Lanthanide Shrinkage
I-phenomenon apho i-atomic kunye ne-radii ye-atomii yezinto ze-lanthanaide incitshiswa ngokunyuka kwenani leatom ibizwa ngokuba yi-lanthanaide chasction. Yenziwe
Isizathu: Kwizinto zonke zeLanthanaide, kuba yonke i-proton yongezwa kwi-nucleus, i-Elektroni ingena kwi-shentetal, kwaye i-SHORON ye-4F ingena kukhuselo kwi-encleus ye-encleus njengeyona ndawo ingaphakathi ye-atomic
Ukujonga, ukujonga umtsalane we-elektroni zangaphandle, ngokuthe ngcembe ukunciphisa iatomic kunye ne-ionic rade.
Ikota eqhelekileyo yensimbi eveliswa yi-molle enctrolysis, intsimbi encitshisiweyo, okanye ezinye iindlela ezisebenzisa imidaniso yomhlaba okanye engaphezulu yomhlaba njengezixhobo eziluhlaza.
Isinyithi esifunyenwe kwi-computer yendawo ethile enqabileyo yomhlaba ngetyuwa ye-Elleten Ectrolysis, i-throl yensimbi yokuncitshiswa, okanye ezinye iindlela.
IxutyweI-Rure Sourtals
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezinto eziqulunqwe ezimbini okanye ngaphezuluI-Fure Sourtals,NgokwesiqheloI-lanthanum cerium I-rasehedymuum neodium.
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezinto ezenziweyo kukudityaniswa kweendawo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nezinto zeoksijini, zihlala zimelwe yifomula yefomicamicamicamu.
TshatileInqabile i-oxide
Intambo yenziweyo yindibaniselwano yeumhlaba onqabileyoInqaku lezinto kunye neoksijini.
Ucoceko oluphezuluInqabile i-oxide
Ikota eqhelekileyo yeI-ox ox ox ox oxngokucoceka ngokulinganayo okungaphantsi kwe-99.99%.
IxutyweI-ox ox ox ox ox
I-complateamu edityanisiweyo yindibaniselwano yezibini okanye ngaphezuluumhlaba onqabileyoizinto ngeoksijini.
Umhlaba onqabileyoikhonkco
IXABISO LOKUGQIBELA LWEENCWADANGA EZIQHELEKILEYOumhlaba onqabileyoYenziwe ngokusebenzisana kweentsimbi zomhlaba onqabileyo okanye umhlaba onqabileyo we-oxdis onee-asidi okanye iziseko.
Umhlaba onqabileyohalide
IXABISO LWEZOBUGCISA ZEEMPAHLA OLUFANELEKILEYO NGOKUQHELEKILEYOumhlaba onqabileyoizinto kunye nezinto ze-halogn. Umzekelo, umhlaba onqabileyo we-chloride udla ngokumelwa yifomathi yekhemicamicamicali3; I-fluoride enqabileyo i-fluoride ihlala imelwe yifomathi yekhemikhali.
Inqabile umhlaba
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezinto ezenziweyo kukudityaniswa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-sulface i-ions, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yefomicamicamicamu (i-SE4) y.
Ikota eqhelekileyo yemimandla eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nee-itrorate i-itrementi, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yekhemikhali (No3) y.
I-Dure Sour Carbonate
Ikota yesiqhelo yemimandla eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nee-carbonate ze-carbonate, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yefomathi yekhemikhali (Co3) y.
I-oxmalate yomhlaba
Ikota eqhelekileyo yemikhonkco enziwa yindibaniselwano ye-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nee-oxilates, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yefomicamicamicamu (c24) y.
I-pholom yomhlaba phosphate
Ikota eqhelekileyo yemikhombi eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nee-phosphate ion, zihlala zimelwe yi-com foula rex (PO4) y.
I-Dure South Acetate
IXesha eliqhelekileyo lenziwe yindima ye-ion yomhlaba enqabileyo kunye ne-icetate i-ion, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yefomicamicamicamu (c2h3o2) y.
Alkalineumhlaba onqabileyo
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezinto ezenziweyo kukudityaniswa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-hydroxide, zihlala zimelwe yifomula yekhemikhali (oh) y.
Inqabile umhlaba
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezinto ezenziweyo kukudityaniswa kwe-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-radicarate ye-radicarate, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yefomathi yekhemikhali (c18h35o2) y.
Umhlaba onqabileyo
Ikota eqhelekileyo yemikhonkco enziwa yindibaniselwano yehlabathi elinqabileyo kunye ne-ions, idla ngokumelwa yifomula yefomathi yekhemikhali (C6H5O7) y.
I-Dure Yondla
Ikota eqhelekileyo yeemveliso ezifunyenwe ngokwandisa ukugxila kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngendlela yemichiza okanye emzimbeni.
Umhlaba onqabileyoubunyulu
Iqhezu elikhulu leumhlaba onqabileyo(isinyithi okanye i-oxide) njengeyona nto iphambili kumxube, oboniswe njengepesenti.
Ukucoceka ngokuhambelanaumhlaba onqabileyo
Ibhekisa kwinxalenye yesininzi yeumhlaba onqabileyointo (intsimbi okanye i-oxide) kwinani lilonke leumhlaba onqabileyo(intsimbi okanye i-oxide), ibonakaliswe njengepesenti.
Iyonkeumhlaba onqabileyoumxholo
Iqhezu elikhulu lezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwiimveliso, eziboniswe njengepesenti. Ii-oxide kunye neetyuwa zazo zimelwe yi-Reo, ngelixa izinyithi kunye ne-alloys zazo zimelwe kukuphinda zi.
Inqabile i-oxideumxholo
Iqhezu elikhulu lehlabathi elinqabileyo elimelwe yi-reo kwimveliso, eboniswe njengepesenti.
Tshatileumhlaba onqabileyoumxholo
Iqhezu elikhulu lomnyeumhlaba onqabileyoKwinxalenye, ebonakaliswe njengepesenti.
Umhlaba onqabileyoukungcola
Kwiimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo,umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezingezizo izinto eziphambili zeemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.
Hayiumhlaba onqabileyoukungcola
Kwiimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ezinye izinto ngaphandleumhlaba onqabileyoizinto.
Ukucutha ukunciphisa
Iqhezu elinzima lemilinganiselo yomhlaba onqabileyo elahlekileyo emva kweMiqathango echaziweyo, ibonakaliswe njengepesenti.
Into ye-Acid
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo, inani lezinto ezingenamsebenzi kwimveliso kwinxalenye yesininzi yemveliso, eboniswe njengepesenti.
I-Solbidity yaManzi
I-turbidity yeumhlaba onqabileyoimifuno emanzini.
Inqabile emhlabeni
Into edityanisweumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto kunye nezinye izinto ezinepropathi ye-metric.
Umhlaba onqabileyo
Inguqu yenguquinqabile emhlabeniIlingana nemveliso yeumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso.
Umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezisebenzayo
Ukusebenzisaumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto njengeyona nto iphambili kwaye isebenzise i-themical yazo ebalaseleyo, yombane, i-magnetic kunye nezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo, ezemizimba, imichiza, kunye neziphumo zebhayiliza zingasekwa ukufezekisa impumelelo
Uhlobo lwezinto ezisebenzayo ezinokuthi ziguqulwe zibanye. Ikakhulu zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziphezulu zetekhnoloji yokwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi kwaye zifakwe kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa. Isetyenziswa rhoqoumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezisebenzayo ziquka izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwaye zinqabile
Izixhobo, umhlaba onqabileyo we-hydrogen, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, njl.
Umhlaba onqabileyoezongeziweyo
Ukwenzela ukuphucula intsebenzo yemveliso, inani elincinci lomhlaba onqabileyo oneento zongezwa ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso.
Umhlaba onqabileyoezongeziweyo
Imifanekiso enqabileyo yomhlaba edlala indima encedisayo kwimichiza nakwizixhobo zepoline.Umhlaba onqabileyoIziqulatho zisebenza njengezongezo kulungiselelo kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo zePolymer (iplasitiki, iintsinga zerabha, njl.)
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokusebenza ezisebenzayo kuneziphumo ezizodwa ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo kwezixhobo zepolymer kwaye ziyibambe ngemisebenzi emitsha.
Ukufakwa kwe-slag
I-oxide okanye ezinye iziqu ezithathwe kwizixhobo ezinjeI-intey yentsimbi enqabileyo, iingcingo kunye neentonga.
Inxalenye yomhlaba onqabileyo
Ibhekisa kubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi kwemixholo eyahlukeneyoumhlaba onqabileyoImijikelezo kwi-complet yomhlaba onqabileyo womhlaba, ichazwe ngokubanzi njengepesenti yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba okanye ii-oxiles zabo.
Ixesha leposi: I-Oct-30 ukuya kwi-2023