Intshayelelo kwiTekhnoloji yoShishino loMhlaba
·InqabileAyisiyo into embi, kodwa iqaqoba elihlanganisiweyo lezinto ezili-15 ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwayeyttriumkwayeIsikali. Ke ngoko, izinto ezili-17 ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye neendlela zabo ezahlukeneyo zinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusukela kwi-chlolordes ecocekileyo ye-46% ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide yomhlaba onqabileyo kwayeI-Rure Sourtalsngococeko lwe-99.999%. Ukongezwa kwamanzi adibeneyo kunye nomxube, kukho iimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ke,umhlaba onqabileyoItekhnoloji ikwayahluka ngokusekwe kulwahluko kwezi zinto zinga-17. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenyani yokuba izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-cirium kwayeyttriumAmaqela esekwe kwiimpawu zezimbiwa, imigodi, ukunyibilika, iinkqubo zokwahluka kweemilo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo nazo zinamanyaniso. Ukuqala kwimigodi yokuqala ye-ore, iindlela zokwahlula-hlula, iinkqubo zokunyibilika, iindlela zokukhupha, kunye neenkqubo zokucoca amazwe anqabileyo aya kuziswa nganye nganye.
Ukulungiswa kwezimbiwa kwehlabathi elinqabileyo
Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yokuqhubekiswa kwendlela esebenzisa umatshini kwiipropathi ezibonakalayo ezikwi-ore, khupha izibonelelo ezinobungozi, kwaye zahlula kwii-minerals ezinobungozi.
·Kwiumhlaba onqabileyoI-ored ye-ored kwihlabathi liphela, umxholo weI-ox ox ox ox oxziipesenti ezimbalwa, kwaye ezinye zisezantsi. Ukuze ufezekise iimfuno zemveliso zokunyibilikisa,umhlaba onqabileyoIiminerali zahlukaniswe neeminerali ze-gangue kunye nezinye izimbiwa eziluncedo ngokuphumelela ngaphambi kokunyibilika, ukwenzela ukwandisa umxholo womhlaba onqabileyo kwaye ufumane umhlaba onqabileyo onokuthi uhlangabezana neemfuno zomhlaba onqabileyo. Isibonelelo somhlaba onqabileyo, hlalani sinendlela yokudakumba, edla ngokudityaniswa ngokudityaniswa okuninzi komxhuzulane kunye nokwahlulahlula ukwenza inkqubo yokuxhamla ukuhamba.
Iumhlaba onqabileyoIdiphozithi ye-Baiynenebon ye-Baiyne Mongolia yi-Carbonate Rock Robit ye-Iron Dolomit ye-Iron Ore (ukongeza kwi-Ore ye-Fluorocarbon i-ore kwaye ininziI-Niobiumkwayeumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali).
I-ore ekhutshiweyo iqulethe malunga ne-30% yentsimbi kwaye malunga ne-5% i-5% enqabileyo yomhlaba onqabileyo. Umsebenzi wesityalo esinqoko kukonyusaFe2o3Ukusuka kwi-33% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-55%, ukugaya okokuqala kunye nokuhlelwa kwiPosi yezeMbali, emva koko ukhetha i-iron yensimbi egxile kwi-62-65% FE2O3 (iron oxide) Sebenzisa isahluli se-segnetical ye-cylindrical. Imisila iyaqhubeka nokwahlulahlula-hlulo kunye nokwahlulahlula i-magnetic ukufumana i-Iron ye-Iron yeSibini igxile kwi-45%Fe2o3(I-Iron Oxide). Umhlaba onqabileyo unesityebi kwi-foam yaseFlotation, enenqanaba le-10-15%. Ugxininiso unokukhethwa kusetyenziswa itafile eshukumisayo ukuvelisa i-coarse gxila kunomxholo wama-30%. Emva kokuhlanjwa kwezixhobo zokuxhamla, umhlaba onqabileyo ugxininisa ngomxholo we-ReP ongaphezulu kwe-60% inokufunyanwa.
Indlela yokungalunganga yomhlaba onqabileyo
·Umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto ezigxilwe ngokubanzi zikwimo ye-carbhontes engafakwanga, i-fluors, i-phosphates, oxide, okanye isilwanyana. Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kufuneka ziguqulwe zibe ziikhomputha zinyibilikiswe emanzini okanye kwi-Inorganic Acids ngokuguqula iikhemikhali, kwaye emva koko ziqhubeke nokuchitheka, ukucocwa, ukucocwa, ukuhlawuliswa ukuvelisa ezahlukeneyo ezixutyweumhlaba onqabileyoImijikelezo enjengomhlaba oqaqambileyo womhlaba onqabileyo, onokusetyenziswa njengemveliso okanye izinto ezingafunekiyo zokwahlula izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwaumhlaba onqabileyoUkugxininisa okungaphezulu, okwabizwa ngokuba yimpatho gadalala.
Iindlela ezininzi zokuvaumhlaba onqabileyoUkugxininisa, okunokwahlulwa ngokubanzi ngokubanzi: indlela ye-acid, indlela ye-alkali, kunye nokuhombisa kwe-chlorition. I-Acid Acid i-Acid engaphezulu inokwahlulwa ngakumbi kwi-hydrocposiric acid engalunganga, i-sulfuric acid engalunganga, kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid deoration. I-Alkali Dealition inokwahlulwa ngakumbi kwi-sodium ye-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium hydroxide inyibilikisa, okanye iindlela zokwenza iSoda. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo efanelekileyo kukhethwe ngokubanzi ngokusekwe kwimithetho-siseko yohlobo lokugxininisa, iimpawu, isicwangciso semveliso, ukulungiselela ukubuyiselwa kwezendalo, ukuxhamla kucoceko lwabasebenzi, kunye noqoqosho.
I-200 phantse iphantse yafunyanwa i-200 yezimbiwa zezinto eziphezulu zifunyenwe, azizange ziqengqeleke zibe zizixhobo ezizimeleyo ezinemigodi yemizi-mveliso ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwabo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela ozimeleyoi-jemboum, iSenium, kwayeI-CesiumIidipozithi zifunyenwe, kodwa ubungakanani beedipozithi azikho zikhulu kakhulu.
Ukunyibilika kwehlabathi elinqabileyo
Zimbini iindlela zeumhlaba onqabileyoukunyibilika, i-hydrometallgergy kunye ne-pyrometallgy.
Inkqubo yonke yenkqubo enqabileyo ye-Hydrometallgy kunye ne-melticgergy yensizi yensimbi ikakhulu inesisombululo nakwisinyibilikisi, njengokuhombisa umhlaba onqabileyo, ukwahlukaniswa kweI-ox ox ox ox ox, imiqathango, kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo womhlaba onqabileyo, osebenzisa iinkqubo zokwahlula imichiza njengokwahluka kweekhemikhali, i-crystalsulization, ukuncitshiswa kwe-oxidation, i-ion yokutshintshiselana, kunye nokutshintshwa kwesifo. Eyona ndlela isetyenziswayo isetyenziswayo yinkqubo ye-organic yeShorvent, eyinkqubo yendalo yonke yokwahlula-hlulwa kwezamashishini izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Inkqubo ye-hydrometallgy inzima kwaye ukucoceka kwemveliso kuphakamile. Le ndlela inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ekuveliseni iimveliso ezigqityiweyo.
Inkqubo yePyromerulical ilula kwaye inemveliso ephezulu.Umhlaba onqabileyoI-Pyrometallgergy ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuveliswa kweUmhlaba onqabileyoNgendlela yokunciphisa isilivere, ukuveliswa kweentsimbi zomhlaba onqabileyo okanye izabelo ze-molten ye-molle encrolysis, kunye nokuveliswa kweUmhlaba onqabileyoIndlela yokuncitshiswa yensimbi njl.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwePyrometallgy luveliswa phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu.
Inkqubo enqabileyo yomhlaba
·Umhlaba onqabileyoI-carbonate kwayeI-nqabile yomhlaba onqabileyoziimveliso ezimbini eziphambili kwiumhlaba onqabileyoishishini. Ngokubanzi, okwangoku ziinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zokuvelisa ezi mveliso zimbini. Inkqubo enye yinkqubo yokulinganisa i-acid acid, kwaye enye inkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-caustic soda, ifinyezwe njengenkqubo ye-caustic.
· · Uko ukongeza ukubakho kwiiminerali ezahlukeneyo ezinqabileyo, icandelo elikhulu leizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaKwimo yendalo kunye ne-apatite kunye ne-phosphate rock minerals. Iindawo zokugcina i-phosphate yehlabathi phosphate ore ziphantse zimalunga ne-100 lamawaka ezigidi zeetoni, ngomndililiumhlaba onqabileyoUmxholo we-0.5 ‰. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani lilonke leumhlaba onqabileyoUkunxulunyaniswa ne-phosphate ore emhlabeni ziitoni ezingama-50 ezigidi. Ukuphendula kwiimpawu ze-SPREumhlaba onqabileyoUmxholo kunye nesimo esikhethekileyo se-sevangs kwimigodi, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo zifundile okwendlu nangaphandle, ezinokwahlulwa zangamanzi ezimanzi kunye ne-shormal. Kwiindlela ezimanzi, banokwahlulwa baba yindlela ye-witric acid, indlela ye-hydrochloric acid, kunye nendlela ye-acid ye-acid ngokwee-acid ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana kwakhona umhlaba onxaxhileyo kwiiChesmoris zePisphorus, zonke ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neendlela zokulungisa zephosphate ore. Ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ye-thermal, iumhlaba onqabileyoIzinga lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo linokufikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-60.
Ngokuphathwa ngokuqhubekayo kwe-phosphate yetyeni kunye notshintsho ekuphuhlisweni kwe-phosmoric ephantsi ye-phosphate ye-phosphoric, inkqubo yesalfuric acid yenkqubo ye-phosphoric ye-phosphoric ye-phosphoric ye-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwimveliso ye-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate kwishishini le-phosphate.izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaKwinkqubo ye-chalfuric acid phosphoric acid ibe yi-hotspot yophando. Kwinkqubo yemveliso yenkqubo yesalfuric acid phosphoric acid, inkqubo yokulawula umhlaba onqabileyo kwi-phosphoric acid kwaye usebenzisa izibonelelo ezinqabileyo kuneendlela ezenziwayo.
Inkqubo enqabileyo yomhlaba onqabileyo
I-Sulfuric Acid Solity
I-ceriumIqela (i-insullen kwi-sulfate ye-sults) -i-lanthanum, i-cerium, I-Praseodziyoium, I-Neodmium, kunye nepromele;
I-TerbiumIqela (inyibilikihla kancinci kwi-sulfate ye-sull) -I-Sarium, I-Europium, IGadilinium, I-Terbium, dysprosium, kwayeiHolmium;
Ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula
Ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo(P204 I-Acidity ebuthathaka) -i-lanthanum,i-cerium, I-Praseodziyoium,I-Neodmium, kunye nepromele;
Umhlaba onqabileyo ophakathi (i-p204 ephantsi) -I-Sarium,I-Europium,IGadilinium,I-Terbium,dysprosium;
Inzimaumhlaba onqabileyoizinto(I-Acidity Essiction kwi-P204) -iHolmium,
Intshayelelo kwinkqubo yokukhuphela
Kwinkqubo yokwahlulaIzinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo,Ngenxa yezinto ezifanayo zomzimba kunye nekhemikhali ezi-17 zezinto ezili-17, kunye nobuninzi bokuhamba kunye nokungcola kwiizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, inkqubo yokukhuphela inzima kwaye isetyenziswa ngokufuthi.
Zintathu iintlobo zeenkqubo zokukhuphela: indlela yenyathelo ngenyathelo, i-ion yokutshintshiselana, kunye nokukhutshelwa kweSolvent.
Indlela yenyathelo lenyathelo
Indlela yokwahluka kunye nokucoca usebenzisa umahluko kwi-smobing yezinto ezicekeceke kwimithango ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yenyathelo lenyathelo. Ukusukayttrium(Y) ukuyalutitium(Lu), ukwahlulahlula phakathi kwayo yonke into eyenzeka ngokwendaloizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kubandakanya i-radium efunyenwe sisibini sesibini,
Bonke bahlukane usebenzisa le ndlela. Inkqubo yokusebenza yale ndlela inzima, kwaye ukwahlukana kwazo zonke izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zithathile ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100, kunye nokwahlula-hlula kunye nokusebenza okuphindaphindiweyo ukufikelela kumaxesha angama-20000. Kubasebenzi bekhemikhali, umsebenzi wabo
Amandla aphezulu kwaye inkqubo inzima. Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa le ndlela akunakukwazi ukuvelisa umhlaba onqabileyo kakhulu ngamanani amakhulu.
I-ion yokutshintshiselana
Umsebenzi wophando malunga nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba uthintelwe kukungakwazi ukuvelisa enyeInqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyongesixa esikhulu ngeendlela ngeendlela zenyathelo ngenyathelo. Ukuze uhlalutyeizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaiqulethwe kwiimveliso zenyukliya kwaye zisuse izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezivela e-Urarium kunye ne-thorium, i-thorium, i-thorium, i-thorium, i-thorium ye-chromatography (ion yokutshintshiselana i-chromatography) yafundwa ngempumelelo, emva koko isetyenziselwa ukwahlulwa kweInqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyos. Inzuzo yendlela yokutshintshiselana ngayo kukuba izinto ezininzi zinokwahlulwa kumsebenzi omnye. Kwaye inokufumana neemveliso ezicocekileyo eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukungalunganga kukuba ayinakugqitywa ngokuqhubekayo, ngomjikelo osebenza omde kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokurenta kwakhona kunye nokutshintshiselana. Ke ngoko, oku kube kanye kweyona ndlela iphambili yokwahlula izixa ezikhulu zehlabathi zithathelwa ingqalelo kwimeko yokwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-chromatography ekufumaneni iimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, okwangoku, ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-ion yomhlaba onqabileyo, kukwahlula imveliso ye-chromatography enqabileyo.
Ukukhutshwa kweSolvent
Indlela yokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo ukukhupha kwaye yahlula into ekhutshiweyo kwisisombululo esiqingqiweyo esibizwa ngokuba sisisombululo seShorvent Solvent Silven-i-Litch, ifinyezwe njengomsunguli weSolvent. Yinkqubo yokudluliselwa kwesininzi edlulisela izinto ezidlulayo ukusuka kwisigaba esinye sethambo ukuya kwenye. Indlela yokukhupha isoyile isetyenziswe ngaphambili kwi-petrochemical, i-chemistry ye-organy, i-phamistry yeyeza, kunye nohlalutyo lwe chemistry. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka ingamashumi amane idlulileyo, ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwesayensi ye-Atomic Mane kunye neTekhnoloji, kunye nemfuno yokuveliswa kwezinto ezizezona nemizi-mveliso ye-nuller i-nyukright. I-China iphumelele inqanaba eliphezulu lophando kwithiyori yokukhupha, i-synthesis kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezintsha, kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha ukwahlulahlula umhlaba onqabileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwahlukana ezinjenge-ricipition, i-crystallization ehleliweyo, kunye ne-ion yokutshintshiselana, isimo seSolvent sinoluhlu lweempembelelo ezifana nemveliso ekhawulezileyo neliqhubekayo, kwaye kulula ukufikelela kulawulo oluzenzekelayo. Ke ngoko, ngokuthe ngcembe iyinto ephambili yokwahlula izixa ezikhuluumhlaba onqabileyos.
Ukucocwa komhlaba
Imveliso yezixhobo zobukhulu
I-Rure Sourtalsbahlulahlulwe ngokubanzi baba ziintsimbi zomhlaba ezixineneyo kwaye zizodwaI-Rure Sourtals. Ukwakhiwa komxubeI-Rure Sourtalsiyafana nokuqulunqa umhlaba onqabileyo kwi-ore, kwaye isinyithi esinye sisinyithi esahlukileyo kwaye sihlaziyiwe kumhlaba ngamnye onqabileyo. Kunzima ukunciphisaInqabile i-oxide(ngaphandle kwee-oxiles zeI-Sarium,I-Europium,, gulium,ytterbium) Kwisinyithi esinye usebenzisa iindlela zentsimbi ngokubanzi, ngenxa yobushushu babo obuphezulu bokuzinza kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu. Ke ngoko, izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo zemveliso yeI-Rure SourtalsKule mihla zii-hloride zazo kunye ne-fluorides.
Ityuwa ye-molle encrolysis
Ukuveliswa kwesininzi okuxutyweI-Rure SourtalsKwishishini ngokubanzi isebenzisa indlela ye-molle enclate enctrolysis. Zimbini iindlela ze-electrolysis: i-chloride encrolysis kunye ne-oxide electrolysis. Indlela yokulungiselela enyeI-Rure Sourtalsiyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinto ethile.I-Sarium,I-Europium,,gulium,ytterbiumazilunganga kulungiselelo lombane ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwabo oluphezulu lwe-vapor, kwaye endaweni yoko zilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa. Ezinye izinto zinokulungiswa yi-electrolylis okanye indlela yokuncitshiswa kwensimbi.
I-chloride electrolysis yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuvelisa izinyithi, ngakumbi kwiintsimbi zomhlaba ezixubileyo. Inkqubo ilula, ineendleko, kwaye ifuna utyalomali oluncinci. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-chlorine, engcolisa indalo esingqongileyo. I-oxide electrolysis ayikhuphi iigesi eziyingozi, kodwa iindleko ziphezulu kancinci. Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso aphezulu angatshatangaumhlaba onqabileyonjengeI-NeodmiumkwayeI-Praseodziyoiumziveliswa kusetyenziswa i-oide electrolysis.
Indlela yokupheliswa kwe-vacuum yokwehlisa i-Enctrolysis inokuthi ilungiselele iBakala eliPhindiweyoI-Rure Sourtals. UkulungisaI-Rure SourtalsNgokungcola okuphantsi kunye nokucoceka okuphezulu, indlela yokuncitshiswa kwe-vacuum isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Le ndlela inokuvelisa zonke izinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kodwaI-Sarium,I-Europium,,gulium,ytterbiumayinakuveliswa usebenzisa le ndlela. Amandla e-resox yeI-Sarium,I-Europium,,gulium,ytterbiumkwaye i-calcium inciphisa ngokupheleleyoumhlaba onqabileyoi-fluoride. Ngokubanzi, ukulungiswa kwezinyithi kusekwe kwimithetho-siseko yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezinyithi kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi lwe-vapor yeI-Lanthanum inyibilikis. Ii-oxidas ezineumhlaba onqabileyozixutywe neziqwengana zeI-Lanthanum inyibilikis kwaye ucinezele iibhloko, kwaye uncitshisiwe kwiziko le-vacuum.I-lanthanumisebenza ngakumbi, ngelixaI-Sarium,I-Europium,,gulium,ytterbiumzincitshisiwe kwigolide ngui-lanthanumkwaye iqokelelwe kwi-tsoncessation, esenza kube lula ukwahlulahlula kwi-Slag.
I-POPTAL: I-NoV-07-2023