I-Neodymium element yezixhobo ze-laser fusion

Neodymium, isiqalelo sama-60 kwitheyibhile yeperiodic.

I-Neodymium inxulunyaniswa nepraseodymium, zombini iLanthanide eneempawu ezifanayo kakhulu.Ngowe-1885, emva kokuba usokhemisti waseSweden uMosander efumene umxube welanthanumkunye nePraseodymium kunye neodymium, ii-Austrians Welsbach zahlula ngempumelelo iindidi ezimbini "zomhlaba onqabileyo": i-neodymium oxide kunyei-praseodymium oxide, yaye ekugqibeleni bahlukananeodymiumkwayeipraseodymiumukusuka kubo.

I-Neodymium, isinyithi esimhlophe esisiliva esineempawu zekhemikhali ezisebenzayo, sinokukhawuleza i-oxidize emoyeni;Ngokufana nepraseodymium, isabela ngokucothayo emanzini abandayo kwaye ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza igesi yehydrogen emanzini ashushu.I-Neodymium inomxholo ophantsi kwi-Earth's crust kwaye ikhona ikakhulu kwi-monazite kunye ne-bastnaesite, kunye nobuninzi bayo okwesibini kuphela kwi-cerium.

I-Neodymium yayisetyenziswa kakhulu njengombala kwiglasi ngenkulungwane ye-19.Ninineodymium oxideyanyibilikiswa kwiglasi, iya kuvelisa izithunzi ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwipinki efudumeleyo ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo wokukhanya okhoyo.Musa ukuyijongela phantsi iglasi ekhethekileyo yeeyoni ze-neodymium ezibizwa ngokuba “yiglasi ye-neodymium”."Yintliziyo" yee-lasers, kwaye umgangatho wayo umisela ngokuthe ngqo amandla kunye nomgangatho we-laser device output energy.Ngoku yaziwa njengesixhobo sokusebenza ngelaser eMhlabeni esinokukhupha awona mandla aphezulu.Ionini ze-neodymium kwiglasi ye-neodymium zisisitshixo sokubaleka phezulu nasezantsi kwi-"skyscraper" yamanqanaba amandla kunye nokwenza i-laser yamandla aphezulu ngexesha lenkqubo enkulu yenguqu, enokukhulisa inqanaba le-nanojoule elingenamsebenzi 10-9 amandla e-laser ukuya kwinqanaba "ilanga elincinci".Esona sixhobo sikhulu sehlabathi se-neodymium glass laser fusion, iNational Ignition Device yase-United States, sinyuse iteknoloji yokunyibilika eqhubekayo yeglasi ye-neodymium yaya kumgangatho omtsha kwaye idweliswe njengeyona mimanga isixhenxe ephezulu yetekhnoloji kwilizwe.Ngo-1964, i-Shanghai Institute of Optics kunye neFine Mechanics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences yaqalisa uphando kwiiteknoloji ezine ezingundoqo zokunyibilika okuqhubekayo, ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo, ukuququzela kunye nokuvavanya iglasi ye-neodymium.Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophononongo, impumelelo enkulu yenziwe ekugqibeleni kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Iqela likaHu Lili lelokuqala emhlabeni ukuqaphela isixhobo saseShanghai esinamandla kakhulu kunye nesifutshane selaser esine-10 watt laser output.Undoqo wayo kukulawula itekhnoloji ephambili yokwenziwa kwebhetshi yeglasi enkulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-laser Nd.Ngoko ke, iChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Optics and Precision Machinery iye yaba liziko lokuqala ehlabathini ukuba ngokuzimeleyo master inkqubo yokuvelisa iteknoloji amacandelo laser Nd glass.

I-Neodymium ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza eyona magnethi isisigxina yaziwe – neodymium iron boron alloy.I-Neodymium iron boron alloy yayingumvuzo onzima owanikwa yiJapan ngeminyaka yoo-1980s ukwaphula ukulawulwa nguGeneral Motors eUnited States.Isazinzulu sanamhlanje uMasato Zuokawa wenza uhlobo olutsha lwemagnethi esisigxina, eyimagnethi yealloyi eyenziwe ngezinto ezintathu: neodymium, intsimbi, kunye neboron.Izazinzulu zaseTshayina ziye zenza indlela entsha yokucoca, zisebenzisa i-induction sintering yokufudumeza endaweni ye-sintering yendabuko kunye nonyango lobushushu, ukuphumeza ingxinano ye-sintering engaphezulu kwe-95% yexabiso lethiyori yemagnethi, enokuthintela ukukhula okuziinkozo okugqithileyo kwemagnethi, mfutshane. umjikelo wemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.