Kukho uhlobo lwesinyithi ongumlingo kakhulu. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ivela kwifom engamanzi njenge-mercury. Ukuba uyayilahla na, uya kumangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba ibhotile iba njengephepha elibuthathaka, kwaye iya kwaphula ngepoke nje. Ukongeza, yilahle kwizinyithi ezinje ngobhedu kunye nesinyithi kukwabangela le meko, enokubizwa ngokuba yi "winasi sensimbi". Yintoni ebangela ukuba ifumane ezo mpawu? Namhlanje siza kungena kwihlabathi le-gelium yensimbi.
1, yeyiphi eyona nto ikhoyoI-Gallium yentsimbi
Inqaku le-geliyo likwixesha lesine le-IIA kwitafile yezinto ezikhoyo. Indawo yokunyibilika ye-gelium ecocekileyo iphantsi kakhulu, i-29.78 ℃, kodwa indawo yokubila iphezulu ibe ngama-2204.8 ℃. Ehlotyeni, uninzi lwayo lukhona njengolwelo kwaye lunokunyibilika xa lubekwe entendeni. Ukusuka kwezi ndawo zingasentla, sinokuqonda ukuba i-gellium inokubona ezinye izinyithi ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yenqaku layo eliphantsi. Iifom ze-Gallium ze-Gallium ze-Gallium zabela ezinye izinyithi, eziyinto yomlingo ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Umxholo wayo kwi-rust yomhlaba malunga ne-0.001%, kwaye ubukho bayo abufumanisa kude kube yiminyaka eli-140 eyadlulayo. Ngo-1871, i-chemist yaseRussia I-Mendeleev ishwankathela itafile yezinto kwaye yaxelwa kwangaphambili ukuba i-zinc, ikwayinto ephantsi kwe-aluminium, ebizwa ngokuba yi "aluminium njengezinto". Ngo-1875, xa i-French Discancesland yayifunda imithetho ebonakalayo yezinto ezibonakalayo zosapho olunye, wafumana i-FALIN YOKUGQIBELA I-ERYAL (i-GALINAM), yaza yathiywa i-Ertium (i-Gaminium Gallia), yaza yafumana le nto "ifumene Iqinisekisile into kwizilingo.
I-Gallium isasazwe ikakhulu eTshayina, eJamani, eFrance, e-Australia, iKazakhstan kunye ne-shanntoni, i-shannau, yunnan, i-yunnan, i-guangxi nakwezinye iindawo [1]. Ngokuphathelele uhlobo lokuhambisa, uShanxi, uShandong kunye nezinye iindawo eBauxite, i-Yunnan kunye nezinye iindawo eTin Ore, kunye noHunan kunye nezinye iindawo ikakhulu eSchalerite. Ekuqaleni kokufunyanwa kwentsimbi ye-Gallium, ngenxa yokusilela kophando oluhambelana nesicelo, abantu bebesoloko bekholelwa ukuba kuyintsimbi enolunqiso olusezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa kokuqhubeka kwetekhnoloji yolwazi kunye nexesha lamandla amatsha kunye ne-tendarium ephezulu, i-tenium ephezulu ifumene ingqalelo njengento ebalulekileyo kwicandelo loLwazi, kwaye ibango layo lisanda kakhulu.
I-2, amabakala okwenza isicelo se-gelium yentsimbi
I-1. Intsimi ye-semicondcuctor
I-Gallium isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwicandelo le-semicondcuctor, kunye ne-Galluum Arsenide (Gas) iZinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye itekhnoloji ibona kakhulu. Njengomtsha-ntle wokusasazwa kolwazi, i-akhawunti ye-semicondcuctor ye-80% ukuya kwi-85% ye-gellium, ikakhulu isetyenziswa ngonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. I-Gallium Aspside A I-Amplifiers inokunyusa isantya sokuhambisa sokuNxibelelana sinamaxesha ali-100, esinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekungeneni kwixesha le-5g. Ngapha koko, i-gallium inokusetyenziswa njengendawo yokutshisa ubushushu kwizicelo ze-semicondcuctor ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-shimoal, indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika, ukuqhubekisa okuphezulu, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwendawo emzimbeni. Ukufaka isicelo sensimbi ye-Gallium ngohlobo lwe-Gallium ngokubhekisele kwisabelo se-gemaium kwizinto zokujongana nobushushu kunokuphucula amandla okubulala ubushushu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezinto ze-elektroniki.
2. Iiseli zelanga
Ukuphuhliswa kweeseli zelanga kuhambile ukusuka kwi-monocrystalline ye-monocrystalline ye-selar yeeseli ze-polycrystalline zefilimu. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu ze-polycrystalline zefilimu zefilimu, abaphandi bafumanise i-Indion Gallium Gallium Tallium yeFillium (3]. Iiseli ze-cigs zinezibonelelo zeendleko zemveliso ezisezantsi, imveliso enkulu ye-batch, kunye neyona ndlela yokuguqula i-Micro, ngaloo ndlela enamava ophuhliso olubanzi. Okwesibini, iiseli ze-Galluum Arsenide zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa neeseli zefilimu ezixineneyo ezenziwe kwezinye izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko zemveliso ephezulu ye-Gallium Arsenide, ngoku zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aerospace kunye nendawo zomkhosi.
3. Amandla e-hydrogen
Ngokwazisa ukwandisa imeko yamandla kwihlabathi liphela, abantu bafuna ukutshintsha imithombo yamandla engekho mthethweni, i-hydrogen yamandla emisile. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokhuseleko oluphantsi lokugcina i-hydrogen kunye nezothutho kuthintela ukukhula kwale teknoloji. Njengoko eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yentsimbi kwi-crust, i-aluminium inokusabela ngamanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen phantsi kweefilimu ezithile ze-aldrogen, eyokuphendula i-gesinum ye-aldrogen ye-allinum, kwaye i-Gallium inokunyibilika I-Aluminum ye-Aluminum oxide, ivumela impendulo yokuphendula [4], kwaye i-gelium yentsimbi inokuphinda isebenze kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Aluminium ye-Aluminium Gallium isombulula ingxaki yokulungiselela ngokukhawuleza nangokugcina ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuhambisa amandla e-hydrogen, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwendalo.
4. Intsimi yonyango
I-Gallium ihlala isetyenziswa kwicandelo lezonyango ngenxa yepropathi yayo eyahlukileyo yemitha, enokusetyenziselwa ukucinga kunye nokuthintela amathumba ambi. I-Gallium idityaniswe nemisebenzi ebonakalayo kunye ne-antibacketial, kwaye ekugqibeleni iphumeze i-custer metabolism. Kwaye i-geliyoum alloys ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-thermometers, njenge-Gallium Tin Tormometers, uhlobo olutsha lwe-thermometer ekhuselekileyo, olungeyongozi, kwaye lungasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-thercury ye-thercury enetyhefu. Ukongeza, icandelo elithile le-Gallium le-Gallium lithathe indawo ye-Italgam yesilivere kwaye isetyenziswa kwizicelo zeklinikhi njengezixhobo ezitsha zokugcwalisa.
I-3, jonga
Nangona i-china ngomnye wabavelisi abaziintloko ze-Gallium ehlabathini, kusekho iingxaki ezininzi kwi-China ye-ntsholongwane ka-China. Ngenxa yomxholo ophantsi we-gellium njengeeminerali ze-Mineral, i-Gallium yemveliso ichithwe, kwaye kukho amakhonkco abuthathaka kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso. Inkqubo yemigodi inongcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo, kwaye i-gesul yemveliso ecocekileyo ibuthathaka, ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwi-Gallium yokuthumela i-Gallium kumaxabiso aphantsi kunye ne-gelium engenisiweyo kumaxabiso aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa kwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa kwemigangatho yabantu yokuphila, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Gallium kwicandelo lolwazi namandla, imfuno ye-Gallium iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji yemveliso engasemva ye-gelity ephezulu ye-gellium ephezulu iya kuba nokungathandabuzekiyo kuphuhliso lwamashishini e-China. Ukuphuhliswa kweetekhnoloji ezintsha kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni uphuhliso oluphezulu lwenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji yase China.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-17 ukuya kwi-2023