I-Praseodziyoiumyesona sithathu inye into eninzi ye-Lanthanhandedeme kwitafile yezinto zemichiza, enentabala ye-9.5 PPM kwi-crust, isezantsi kuphela kunei-cerium, yttrium,i-lanthanum, kwayeIsikali. Yeyona nto yesihlanu ininzi kakhulu kumabala anqabileyo. Kodwa kanye njengegama lakhe,I-Praseodziyoiumlilungu elilula nelingabinalo usapho olunqabileyo.
I-CF Auer Von Welsbach ifunyenwe i-raseodymium ngo-1885.
Ngo-1751, i-Swededi yabambiza ye-Axerik Fredrik iCronstedrtt yafumana iminerals eninzi kwindawo ye-BOSTN, eyathi kamva ibizwa ngokuba yiCerite. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva, ishumi elinesihlanu leminyaka ubudala i-chachelm ivela kwintsapho eyayinomntu owawusele neesampulu zakhe kwiCarli Schele, kodwa akazange azifumane izinto ezintsha. Ngo-1803, emva kokuba imvumi yaba yimnyama, wabuyela kwindawo yemigodi kunye noJ Ö Ns Ja ö Berzelius kwaye wahlula i-oxide entsha, i-Dwarf Planethi i-Dees, ababefunyanisela kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. UCuria wahlukaniswa ngokuzimeleyo nguMartin Heinrich Klaproth eJamani.
Phakathi kwe-1839 kunye ne-1843, uSweden Hargen kunye noChemist Carl Gustaf Mosander wafumanisa ukubai-cerium oxidewayengumxube wee-oxiles. Wahlula ezinye ii-oxides ezimbini, awayeyibiza ngokuba yiLanthana kunye ne-Dinesia "beymlia" (intsingiselo "ngesiGrike). Uye wangenaI-cerium witrateIsampuli ngokuyilolonga emoyeni, emva koko wayiphatha nge-pize witric acid ukufumana i-oxide. Iintsimbi ezizenzela ukuba le nquida ibizwa njaloi-lanthanumkwayeI-Praseodziyoium.
Ngo-1885, i-CF Auer Von Welsbach, i-Austrian owenze i-Thorium Vapor Lamp ye-Graseodymush, i-gododymium ye-rasedymium "ye-romedymium yahlukaniswa kwaye zimisele ukuba zimbini izinto ezintsha. Umntu ubizwa ngokuba "yi-rasehedymushim", ovela kwigama lesiGrike elithi prason, elithetha ukuba i-computer eluhlaza kuba isisombululo samanzi e-rasehedysium siya kuzisa umbala oqaqambileyo; Elinye intsingiselo lithiwe "I-Neodmium". Ukwahlulahlula-hlulwa ngokuphumelela 'kwamawele ahlanganisiweyo' kwenza ukuba babonakalise iitalente ngokuzimeleyo.
Isinyithi esimhlophe esimhlophe, sithambile kunye neDuctile. I-Praseodymumium inesakhiwo sekristali ye-hexagonal kubushushu begumbi. Ukuchasana ne-corrosion emoyeni kunamandla kune-lanthanum, i-cerium, ne-neodium, ne-europium, kodwa xa ivezwe ngumoya, kwaye i-sentimitha yentsimbi ye-rateodziyodiment ye-ratroderestare iphela malunga nonyaka.
Njengoninziizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, I-Pramodymuyium inokwenzeka ukuba ibe yimeko ye-Aidation ye-Oxidotion, eyokuphela kwayo kwizisombululo eziqinisekileyo. I-raseodziyoium ikhona kwi-4 oxidation State Recimes kwezinye iindawo ezaziwayo, kwaye phantsi kweemeko zokwahlukaniswa kweMatrix, inokufikelela kwi-Nationations + ye-Oxidotion eyahlukileyo kwizinto ze-lanthennide.
I-ion ye-rasehedymuium yi-quseodymuium yiNqakuya, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso ye-raseodium kubandakanya ukukwazi kwayo ukucoca ukukhanya okubi kwimithombo yokukhanya.
Ubeko lwe-rasehedymuum
Ukukhutshwa kwe-elektroniki:
I-1s2 2s2 2P6 I-3PS2 3P6 4P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D2 4P6 4F3 4F 38
I-Electrons ezingama-59 ze-raseodymuum icwangciswe njenge [xe] 4F36s2. Ithiyori, zonke ii-elektroni zangaphandle zingasetyenziswa njenge-Electroni, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke ii-elektroni ezintlanu zifuna iimeko ezigqithisileyo. Ngokubanzi, i-rasedymuyim ikhupha kuphela ii-eletrol ezintathu okanye ezine kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. I-Praseodymuium yindawo yokuqala ye-lanthanide enoqwalaselo lwe-elektroniki ohambelana nomgaqo we-Aufibau. I-4F ye-orbtal yayo inamanqanaba amancinci amandla kune-5D orbitam, engasetyenziswanga kwi-lanthanum kunye ne-cerium, njengoko i-cirium, njengoko i-cirium, njengoko i-cirium, njengoko i-cirium yequbuliso ye-4F ingenzi i-lanthanum kwaye ayonelanga ukuphepha igobolondo ye-5D. Nangona kunjalo, i-rasehedymuum eqinileyo ibonakalisa i [tim] 4F25D16S2 Isimo se-5D ye-5D ifana ne-5D Shells
Njengabantu abaninzi be-lanthanaide, i-rasedymuum ihlala isebenzisa ii-elektroni ezintathu njenge-Electroni, kwaye i-Elet ye-4F inesiphumo se-InErt Xenon, ilandelwa yi-5D kunye ne-6D, kwaye inyuke ngokunyuka kwe-ionic call. Nangona kunjalo, i-rasedymushium isenokuqhubeka nokuphulukana nesine nexesha lesihlanu le-Eleclence Eleatron, kuba ibonakala iphantsi kakhulu kwi-Lanthen System, apho amandla enyukliya asezantsi ngokwaneleyo, kwaye amandla enyukliya aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukutyhileka kwe-elektroni.
I-Praseodziyoium kunye nazo zonke izinto ze-lanthanaide (ngaphandlei-lanthanum, ytterbiumkwayelutitium, akukho zi-2F ze-ofisi engachazwanga ye-4F yiparamagnetism kwiqondo lobushushu kwigumbi. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezibonisa i-antiferroomagnetic okanye i-ferromagnetic e-odolo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, i-raseodymium yiparamagnetism kuyo yonke amaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwe-1k
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-rasehedymulam
I-Praseodymuyimu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimo yomhlaba onqabileyo, njengendawo yokucoca kunye nokuguqula iarhente yezinto zentsimbi, i-Catalysts yekhemikhali, umhlaba onqabileyo, njalo njalo.I-rasehedymuum neodiumEyona ifana kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukwahlula-hlula izibini ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ekunzima ukwahluka ngeendlela zekhemikhali. Ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso kuhlala kusebenzisa iindlela zokukhupha kunye neendlela zokutshintshiselana. Ukuba zisetyenziswa ngababini ngendlela ye-rasedymuum ye-rasehedysium, ukutya kwabo kunokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ixabiso likwahamba ngexabiso eliphantsi kunemveliso enye.
I-Praseodymuum Neodziyorium(I-rasehedymuum ye-rasehedymuum yentsimbi)Yimveliso ezimeleyo, enokusetyenziswa njengazo zombini izinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi kunye notshintsho lwe-allows yentsimbi engeyiyo. Umsebenzi, ukukhetha kunye nokuzinza kwe-petroleum yokuqhekeka kunokuphuculwa ngokongeza i-raseodymium neodium gxila kwi-zeolite molersur. Njengokuguqula kweplastiki yeplastiki, ukongeza i-rasehedymium ye-raseodymium ukuya kwi-polytetraflioroothylene (PTFE) inokuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa i-PTFE.
Umhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zezona ndawo zidumileyo zomhlaba onqabileyo womhlaba namhlanje. I-Praseodziyodium yedwa ayibalalekanga njengezinto ezingapheliyo zemazithi, kodwa yinto ebalaseleyo enokuphucula iipropathi zemagazini. Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo se-rasehedysium unokuphucula ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ezisisigxina zemagnet. Ingaphucula intsebenzo ye-Antioxidant (Ukunganyangeki komoya) kunye neepropathi zoomatshini weemagnethi, kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki kunye nemali.
I-Praseodymuyium inokusetyenziselwa ukugcoba kunye nezixhobo zokushicilela. Njengoko sonke sazi, i-voirsium ecocekileyo ye-celium idla ngokukhanya etyheli, nto leyo esemgangathweni yeglasi ye-Polilical Glasi, kwaye ithathe indawo yomgubo obomvu onesidima onesidima kwaye ungcolise imeko yemveliso. Abantu bafumanise ukuba i-rasedymuimu ineempawu ezintle zePoliling. Umgubo onqabileyo womhlaba ojikelezayo oqukethe i-raseodyllium uza kubonakala ubomvu, obizwa ngokuba ngu "Mgubi obomvu", kodwa ngenxa yombala obomvu we-raseodymium, kodwa ngenxa yombala we-rasehedymium onqabileyo, umbala womhlaba onqabileyo woba mnyama. I-Praseodymumium isetyenzisiwe njengezinto ezintsha zokugaya zokwenza amavili okugaya i-cugium equkethe i-raseodymuium. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Alumina, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuziqhelanisa kunokuphuculwa ngaphezulu kwe-30% xa ugaya intsimbi ye-carbon ye-carbon, intsimbi engenamanzi, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko, i-raneleodymuum ye-ramedium ye-neodium idla ngokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zohlaza ngaphambili, ngenxa yoko igama elithi i-rasedymuum neoresium cundum ye-neodium cundum ye-neodium ye-neodium rioundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum graundum ogyo.
Iikristali ze-Silsueate zenziwe nge-rasehedymuium i-ions zisetyenziselwe ukuthoba ukuqaqamba ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezininzi ngentsimbi yesibini.
Ukongeza i-rasehedymium nge-raseodymium ukuya kwi-ziirconium, i-Silconsium iya kuguqula ityheli eqaqambileyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa njenge-pigment pigment-i-quosedulium ityheli. I-Praseodymuyimu ye-Praseodymuyizi (i-ZR02-PR6Oll-Si02) ithathelwa ingqalelo eyona phenyane ye-ceramic etyheli, ehlala isebenza ukuya kwi-1000 ℃ kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ixesha elinye okanye ukuguqula iinkqubo.
I-Praseodymusium ikwasetyenziswa njenge-colous comount, ngemibala etyebileyo kunye nentengiso enkulu enokubakho. Imveliso ye-rasehedymuum Green Green eneentsuku eziqaqambileyo zeKeght kunye ne-Scallion Green eluhlaza, enokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iifilitha zeGreen kunye neglasi yezobugcisa kunye nobugcisa. Ukongeza i-rasehedymium oxide kunye ne-cerium oxide ukuya kwiglasi kunokusetyenziswa njenge-goggles ye-welding. I-Praseodymuide ye-Praseodymude inokusetyenziswa njengencwadi eluhlaza yeplastiki.
Ixesha leposi: NgoMeyi-29-2023