Inqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyo loMhlaba: IHolmium

IHolmium, inombolo yeatomic 67, Ubunzima be-Atomic 164.93032, igama lezinto ezivela kwindawo yokuzalwa kukaThixo.

Umxholo weiHolmiumKwi-crust yi-0.000115%, kwaye ikhona enyeizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaEMonazi kunye nemilenze yomhlaba onqabileyo. I-isotoupe efanelekileyo yi-Holmium 165.

I-Holmium iyazinza ngomoya owomileyo kwaye i-oxidid ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu;I-Holmium OxideUyaziwa ukuba neepropathi ezomeleleyo zeParamagnetic.

I-complaund ye-Holmium inokusetyenziswa njengesongezo kwizinto ezintsha ze-ferroomagnetic; I-Holmium I-Idadiyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza izibane zentsimbi-I-Holmium Lamps, kwaye iiLallm Lasers zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezonyango.

Ukufumanisa imbali

Ifunyenwe ngu: I-JL Toot, i-PET CLE

Ifunyenwe kwi-1878 ukuya kwi-1879

Inkqubo yokufumanisa: ifunyenwe nguJL ngo-1878; Ifunyenwe yi-pt ufule ngo-1879

Emva kwe-mossander yomhlaba wahlula umhlaba kwayeI-TerbiumUmhlaba ovelayttriumUmhlaba ngo-1842, uninzi lwamachiza alusebenzisa uhlalutyo lobuchule lokuchonga nokuchaza ukuba ayingabi naziisis ezicocekileyo zezinto, ezikhuthaza amachiza ukuba aqhubeke esabelana. Emva kokwahlula i-Ytterbium Oxide kwayeI-Scandium OxideUkusuka kwi-bait ye-oxidid, i-Cliff yahlula-hlula ii-oxides ezimbini eziNtsha ngonyaka ka-1879. Enye yazo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Holmium, igama lakudala lesiLamiya kwiStomkholmm, iSweden, kunye nophawu lwezinto eziyinyaniso. Ngo-1886, enye into yahlukaniswa ne-Holmium nguBouvabadrand, kodwa igama le-Holmium laligciniwe. Ngokufunyanwa kwe-Holmium kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, elinye inqanaba lokufunyanwa kwelesithathu lezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kugqityiwe

Ulwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki:

Ulwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki:

I-1s2 2s2 2P6 I-3PS2 3P6 4P6 4s2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4s2 4s2 4F1 4F1 4F1 4F1 4F1 4F1

Yintsimbi enjalo, njenge dysprosium, inokufumana i-neutrons eveliswe yinyukliya.

Kwindawo yenyukliya, kwelinye icala, ukudibanisa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa, kwaye kwelinye icala, isantya sendlela yokusabela ilawulwa.

Ingcaciso yezinto: Amandla okuqala i-Iorsis yi-6.02 elektroni volts. Ine-metric luster. Inokusabela kancinci kancinci ngamanzi kwaye inyibilikiswe kwi-acids. Ityiwa ityheli. I-Oxide Ho22o2 kukukhanya okuluhlaza. Inyibilikiswe kwii-Asidi ezimbis ukuze ivelise iityuwa ze-ion eziphuzi.

Umthombo wezinto: Ilungiselelwe ngokunciphisa iHolmium Flooride Hof3-2h2o nge-calcium.

Intsimbi

I-Holmium yintsimbi yesilivere emhlophe ngokuthambisa kunye nexesha; Inqaku lokunyibilika i-1474 ° C, inqaku lokubila 2695 ° C, ubushushu 8.7947 g / cm holmium meter me.

I-Holmium iyazinza ngomoya owomileyo kwaye i-oxidid ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu; I-Holmium Oxide yaziwa ngokuba nepropathi eyomeleleyo yeParamagnetic.

Ukufumana imiqathango enokusetyenziswa njengeongezelelo kwizinto ezintsha ze-ferroomagnetic; I-Holmium Idide esetyenziswe ekwenzeni imveliso yezibane zentsimbi yentsimbi-Holmium Lamps

Isicelo

. Okwangoku, eyona nto iphambili kukunqanda i-IIdiyo, ekhokelela kwimibala eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokukhupha igesi. Izinto zomsebenzi ezisetyenzisiweyo kwizibane zeHolmium yi-Holmium I-Incomide, enokufumana uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-atom kwi-Arc, ukuphucula impumelelo kwi-ARC.

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. Ke xa usebenzisa i-HO: YAG Sell yovavanyo lonyango, kungekuphela kunokuphuculwa nokuchaneka, kodwa kunye nommandla womonakalo we-thermal unokuncitshiswa ube nesayizi encinci. I-buam yasimahla iveliswe zii-crystals zeHolmium zinokuphelisa amanqatha ngaphandle kokuvelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa komonakalo we-tismes. Kuxelwe ukuba i-Holmium yaseHolmium yaseHolmium yeGlaucoma e-United States inokunciphisa iintlungu zezigulana eziqhubekayo. China 2 μ Inqanaba lekristali ye-laser ifikelele kwinqanaba lamanye amazwe, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokuphuhlisa kwaye zivelise olu hlobo lwekristali yase-laser.

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. Xa usebenzisa iHolmium Laser Lithotripricky, i-fiber ethambileyo ye-Holmium ye-Holmium isetyenziselwa ukufikelela ngqo kwi-bladder, amatye e-ureter, kunye ne-ureths nge-cystoscope kunye neresteroscope. Emva koko, ii-Urology Iingcali zibonisa i-Holmium Laser yokwaphula amatye. Inzuzo yale ndlela ye-Holmium laseHolmium yaseHolmium kukuba inokusombulula amatye, amatye ebladder, kunye neqela elikhulu lamatye ezintso. Ingxaki yeyokwenzela amanye amatye aphezulu kunye nasezantsi kwe-renan cal, kunokuba linani elincinci lamatye ashiyekileyo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukungena kwi-irester fiber ukuya kwi-sureter.