Ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyokwaye kunzimaumhlaba onqabileyo
·Ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo
·Lanthanum, i-cerium, ipraseodymium,neodymiumIpromethium,samarium, ubuchopho, gadolinium.
·Kunzimaumhlaba onqabileyo
·Terbium,idysprosium,iholmium, ierbium,thulium,ytterbium, ilutetium, scandium, kwayeiyttrium.
·Ngokweempawu zeminerali, inokohlulwa ibei-ceriumiqela kunyeiyttriumiqela
·Ceriumiqela (ukukhanyaumhlaba onqabileyo)
·Lanthanum,i-cerium,ipraseodymium,neodymiumIpromethium,samarium,ubuchopho.
·Iqela leYttrium (umhlaba onqabileyo onzima)
·Gadolinium, terbium,idysprosium,iholmium,ierbium,thulium,ytterbium,ilutetium,scandium, kwayeiyttrium.
Eqhelekileyoumhlaba onqabileyoizinto
·Iqhelekileimihlaba enqabileyozahlulwe zibe: monazite, bastnaesite,iyttriumiphosphate, i-leaching type ore, kunye ne-lanthanum vanadium limonite.
Monazite
·I-Monazite, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-phosphocerium lanthanide ore, ivela kwi-granite kunye ne-granite pegmatite;Ilitye elinqabileyo lentsimbi ye-carbonate;Kwi-quartzite kunye ne-quartzite;Kwi-Yunxia syenite, i-feldspar aegirite, kunye ne-alkaline syenite pegmatite;imithambo yohlobo lweAlpine;Kwilitye elixubeneyo kunye ne-weathered crust kunye nentsimbi yesanti.Ngenxa yokuba owona mthombo uphambili we-monazite onexabiso lemigodi yezoqoqosho yi-alluvial okanye idiphozithi yesanti yonxweme, isasazwa ikakhulu kumanxweme aseOstreliya, eBrazil naseIndiya.Ukongeza, iSri Lanka, iMadagascar, uMzantsi Afrika, iMalaysia, iChina, iThailand, iSouth Korea, iNorth Korea kunye nezinye iindawo zonke ziqulethe iidiphozithi ezinzima ze-monazite, ezisetyenziselwa ukutsala izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imveliso ye-monazite ibonise ukuhla, ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-radioactive thorium element kwi-ore yayo, eyingozi kwindalo.
Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu: (Ce, La, Y, Th) [PO4].Ukubunjwa kuyahluka kakhulu.Umxholo weiioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyoekubunjweni kwamaminerali kunokufikelela kwi-50-68%.Imixube ye-isomorphic iquka i-Y, Th, Ca, [SiO4], kunye ne [SO4].
I-Monazite iyanyibilika kwi-H3PO4, HClO4, kunye ne-H2SO4.
·Ubume beCrystal kunye ne-morphology: i-monoclinic crystal system, i-rhombic columnar crystal type.I-crystal yenza i-plate-like shape, kwaye i-crystal surface ihlala inemizila okanye ikholomu, i-conical, okanye i-granular shapes.
·Iimpawu zembonakalo: Imdaka ngebala, imdaka ngebala, ibomvu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iluhlaza ngombala.Semi transparent ukuya elubala.Imigca imhlophe okanye ibomvu bumthubi ngokukhanyayo.Ineglasi ekhazimlayo eyomeleleyo.Ubunzima 5.0-5.5.Embrittlement.Ubunzima obuthile buvela kwi-4.9 ukuya kwi-5.5.Iipropati ze-electromagnetic ezibuthathaka ngokuphakathi.Ukukhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza phantsi kwe-X-reyi.Ayikhuphi ukukhanya phantsi kwemitha ye-cathode.
Yttriumi-phosphate ore
·PhosphorusiyttriumIntsimbi ekrwada iveliswa ikakhulu kwigranite, igranite pegmatite, nakwigranite yealkaline kunye neediphozithi zezimbiwa ezinxulumeneyo.Ikwaveliswa kwiindawo zokubeka.Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa njengeminerali ekrwada yokutsalaumhlaba onqabileyoizinto xa zityetyiswe ngobuninzi.
·Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu: Y [PO4].Ulwakhiwo lubandakanyaY2O361.4% kunye ne-P2O5 38.6%.Kukho umxube weiyttriumiqelaumhlaba onqabileyoizinto, ikakhuluytterbium, ierbium, idysprosium, kwayegadolinium.Izinto ezifanazirconium, i-uranium, kunye ne-thorium zisathatha indawoiyttrium, ngelixaisiliconkwakhona ithatha indawo ye-phosphorus.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxholo weuranium kwi-phosphorusiyttriumIntsimbi ekrwada inkulu kunethorium.Iimpawu zeekhemikhali zeiyttriumi-phosphate ore izinzile.Ubume be-Crystal kunye ne-morphology: inkqubo ye-crystal ye-tetragonal, uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-tetragonal biconical crystal, kwi-granular kunye ne-block form.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo: umthubi, obomvu obomvu, ngamanye amaxesha oluhlaza ophuzi, nawo omdaka okanye obomvu.Imigca inombala omdaka okhanyayo.Ukukhanya kweglasi, ukukhazimla kwegrisi.Ubunzima be-4-5, ubunzima obuthile be-4.4-5.1, kunye ne-polychromism ebuthathaka kunye ne-radioactivity.
Lanthanum vanadium epidote
Iqela lophando elihlangeneyo elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseYamaguchi, iYunivesithi yase-Ehime, kunye neYunivesithi yaseTokyo eJapan iye yakhupha i-communique echaza ukuba bafumene uhlobo olutsha lwezimbiwa eziqulethe umhlaba onqabileyo kwiSithili saseSanchong.Umhlaba onqabileyoizinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni amashishini emveli kunye nokuphuhlisa iindawo zobugcisa obuphezulu.Iminerali entsha yafunyanwa kwiintaba zeIse City, Sanchong Prefecture ngoAprili 2011, kwaye luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-brown epidote equlatheumhlaba onqabileyo lanthanumkunye ne-metal vanadium enqabileyo.Ngo-Matshi 1, i-2013, le minerali yaqatshelwa njengeminerali entsha yi-International Association of Mineralogy kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi "lanthanum vanadium limonite".
Iimpawu zeumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali kunye ne-ore morphology
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali
I-1, Ukungabikho kwe-sulfides kunye ne-sulfates (kuphela ezinye ezimbalwa) kubonisa ukuba izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinobudlelwane be-oxygen.
2Umhlaba onqabileyoiisilicates ubukhulu becala zifana nesiqithi, ngaphandle kwamaleko, isakhelo esinje, okanye ityathanga elifana nezakhiwo;
3, Abanyeumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali (ingakumbi ii-oxides eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-silicates) zibonisa i-amorphous states;
4, Unikezelo lweumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali ikakhulu zenziwe nge-silicates kunye ne-oxides kumatye e-magmatic kunye ne-pegmatites, ngelixa i-fluorocarbonates kunye ne-phosphates zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-hydrothermal kunye ne-weathered crust deposits;Uninzi lwamaminerali atyebileyo kwi-yttrium akhoyo kwigranite njengamatye kunye neepegmatites ezinxulumeneyo, i-gas-formed hydrothermal deposits, kunye ne-hydrothermal deposits;
5,Umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zihlala zihlala kwiminerali efanayo ngenxa yesakhiwo esifanayo se-athomu, iikhemikhali kunye neekhemikhali zekristali.Yiyo i,i-ceriumkwayeiyttrium umhlaba onqabileyoIziqalelo zihlala zihlala kwiminerali enye, kodwa ezi elementi azihlali ngobungakanani obulinganayo.Ezinye iiminerali zenziwa ikakhului-cerium umhlaba onqabileyoizinto, ngelixa ezinye zibunjwe ubukhulu becalaiyttrium.
Imeko yokwenzeka kweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto kwiiminerali
Kwindalo,umhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zityetyiswe kakhulu kwigranite, amatye e-alkaline, amatye e-alkaline ultrabasic, kunye neediphozithi zezimbiwa ezinxulumeneyo.Kukho iimeko ezintathu eziphambili zokwenzeka kweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto kwiiminerali ngokohlalutyo lwemichiza yekristale.
(1)Umhlaba onqabileyoizinto zithatha inxaxheba kwilathisi yeeminerali kwaye zenza icandelo elibalulekileyo leeminerali.Olu hlobo lweminerali luqhele ukubizwa ngokuba ziiminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.I-Monazite (REPO4) kunye ne-bastnaesite ([La, Ce] FCO3) zonke zikolu didi.
(2)Umhlaba onqabileyoIzakhi zisasazwe kwiiminerali ngendlela ye-isomorphic substitution of elements ezifana neCa, Sr, Ba, Mn, Zr, njl njl. Olu hlobo lweminerali luninzi ngokwendalo, kodwaumhlaba onqabileyoumxholo kwiiminerali ezininzi uphantsi.ziqulatheUmhlaba onqabileyoifluorite kunye ne-apatite zolu didi.
(3)Umhlaba onqabileyoizinto zikhona kumphezulu okanye phakathi kwamasuntswana eeminerali ezithile kwimeko ye-ionic adsorption.Olu hlobo lweminerali lolohlobo lweminerali ye-weathering crust leaching, kwaye ii-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zibhengezwa kweyiphi iminerali kunye nelitye elingumzali leminerali phambi kwemozulu.
Ngokuphathelele.Umxholo ophakathi weumhlaba onqabileyoizinto kwi-crust yi-165.35 × 10-6 (Li Tong, 1976).Kwindalo,umhlaba onqabileyoizinto zikho ubukhulu becala ngendlela yezimbiwa enye, kunyeumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali kunye neeminerali eziqulatheumhlaba onqabileyoizinto eziye zafunyanwa ehlabathini
Kukho phezu 250 iintlobo zezinto, kuqukaumhlaba onqabileyoumxholo Σ Kukho iindidi ezingama-50-65 zeeminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezine-REE>5.8%, ezinokuthi zithathwe njengezizimeleyoumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali.Okubalulekileyoumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali ziyi-fluorocarbonate kunye ne-phosphate.
Phakathi kweendidi ezingaphezu kwama-250 zeumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali kunye neeminerali eziqulatheumhlaba onqabileyoizinto eziye zafunyanwa, kukho kuphela phezu 10 izimbiwa zoshishino ezifanelekileyo iimeko metallurgical yangoku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-03-2023