Umthombo: Cailian News Agency
Kutshanje, iForam yesithathu ye-China Rare Earth Industry Chain ngo-2023 ibibanjelwe eGanzhou. Intatheli evela kwi-Arhente yeNdaba yaseCailian yafunda kwintlanganiso ukuba ishishini linethemba elilindelekileyo lokukhula okuthe kratya kwimfuno yomhlaba enqabileyo kulo nyaka, kwaye lilindele ukukhulula isixa esipheleleyo solawulo lwehlabathi elinqabileyo elikhanyayo kunye nokugcina amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo azinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokucuthwa kwezithintelo zobonelelo, amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo angaqhubeka ehla.
I-Arhente yeNdaba ye-Cailian, i-29 kaMatshi (iNgxelo ye-Wang Bin) Ixabiso kunye ne-quota ngamagama amabini abalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kutshanje, iForam yesithathu ye-China Rare Earth Industry Chain ngo-2023 ibibanjelwe eGanzhou. Intatheli evela kwi-Arhente yeNdaba yaseCailian yafunda kwintlanganiso ukuba ishishini linethemba elilindelekileyo lokukhula okuthe kratya kwimfuno yomhlaba enqabileyo kulo nyaka, kwaye lilindele ukukhulula isixa esipheleleyo solawulo lwehlabathi elinqabileyo elikhanyayo kunye nokugcina amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo azinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokucuthwa kwezithintelo zobonelelo, amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo angaqhubeka ehla.
Ukongezelela, iingcali ezininzi kwintlanganiso zibonise ukuba imboni yasekhaya enqabileyo yomhlaba kufuneka iqhube phambili kwiiteknoloji eziphambili. U-Liu Gang, ilungu leKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye nosekela-sodolophu weSixeko saseQiqihar, kwiPhondo laseHeilongjiang, uthe, "Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yaseTshayina enqabileyo yokwembiwa komhlaba kunye nokunyibilikisa ihambele phambili kwihlabathi, kodwa kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezitsha zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo eziphambili, isasemva kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe.
Amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo angaqhubeka ehla
"Ukuphunyezwa kwethagethi yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini kuye kwakhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamashishini anje ngamandla omoya kunye neenqwelo zamandla amatsha, okukhokelela ekwenyukeni okubukhali kwemfuno yemathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina, eyona ndawo isezantsi yokusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izikhombisi zolawulo lwesixa esipheleleyo sehlabathi elinqabileyo ziye zasilela ngandlel' ithile ukukhawulelana nokukhula kwemfuno esezantsi, kwaye kukho unikezelo kunye nomsantsa othile kwintengiso." Umntu onxulumene noshishino lomhlaba onqabileyo uthe.
Ngokuka-Chen Zhanheng, uSekela-Nobhala Jikelele we-China Rare Earth Industry Association, ukubonelelwa ngobutyebi kuye kwaba ngumqobo kuphuhliso lweshishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo lase-China. Ukhankanye amaxesha amaninzi ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwesixa esipheleleyo uthintele kakhulu uphuhliso lweshishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukukhululwa kolawulo lwesixa esipheleleyo sokukhanya okunqabileyo kweeminerali zomhlaba ngokukhawuleza, ukuvumela ukukhanya okunqabileyo amashishini emigodi yomhlaba afana noMntla Rare Earth kunye neSichuan Jiangtong ukuba balungiselele imveliso yabo ngokusekelwe kumandla abo okuvelisa, kunye nemfuno yomhlaba onqabileyo.
Ngomhla wama-24 kuMatshi, "Isaziso kwiZalathi zoLawulo lweSixa esipheleleyo kwiBatch yokuQala yeMigodi yoMhlaba eRare, ukunyibilika, kunye nokwahlula ngo-2023" sakhutshwa, kwaye izikhombisi zolawulo lwesixa zizonke zanda nge-18.69% xa kuthelekiswa nebhetshi efanayo ngo-2022. Wang Ji, uMphathi we-Rare kunye ne-Precious ye-Iron ye-Iron ye-Iron, i-Iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron, i-iron. ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukunyibilikiswa kunye nokwahlulwa kwebhetshi yesibini yezalathisi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziya kwanda malunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka.
Umbono kaWang Ji kukuba ubudlelwane phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno yepraseodymium kunye neodymium itshintshile, ipateni yokubonelela nge-praseodymium kunye ne-neodymium oxide iye yadamba, ngoku kukho ukugqithiswa okuncinci kweentsimbi, kwaye ii-odolo ezivela kwiinkampani zemagnethi ezisezantsi azizange zihlangabezane nokulindela. Amaxabiso ePraseodymium kunye neodymium ekugqibeleni afuna inkxaso yabathengi. Ngoko ke, ixabiso lexesha elifutshane lepraseodymium kunye neodymium lisalawulwa luhlengahlengiso olubuthathaka, kwaye uluhlu lwexabiso lokuguquguquka kwepraseodymium kunye neodymium oxide luqikelelwa ukuba luyi-48-62 yezigidi / iitoni.
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-China Rare Earth Industry Association, ukususela nge-27 ka-Matshi, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-praseodymium kunye ne-neodymium oxide yayiyi-553000 yuan / ton, phantsi kwe-1/3 ukusuka kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo lonyaka odlulileyo kwaye isondele kumyinge wexabiso ngo-Matshi 2021. Kwaye i-2021 yindawo ye-inflection yomhlaba ye-profit point of the whole chain rare. Kukholelwa ngokubanzi kwishishini ukuba iindawo ezichongiweyo kuphela zokukhula kwemfuno yemagnethi yomhlaba esisigxina kulo nyaka zizithuthi zamandla amatsha, ii-air conditioners eziguquguqukayo, kunye neerobhothi zamashishini, ngelixa ezinye iindawo ziyancipha.
U-Liu Jing, uSekela Mongameli we-Iron kunye ne-Steel Union yase-Shanghai, uthe, "Ngokubhekiselele kwii-terminals, kulindeleke ukuba izinga lokukhula kwee-odolo kwimimandla yamandla omoya, i-air conditioning, kunye ne-Cs ezintathu ziya kuhamba kancinane, ishedyuli yoku-odola iya kuba mfutshane, kwaye amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza aya kuqhubeka nokunyuka, ngelixa ukwamkelwa kwe-terminal kuya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ukwenza i-stalemate yempahla ekrwada kunye necala ngalinye. imigodi iya kugcina ukonyuka okuthile, kodwa ukuzithemba kwabathengi akwanelanga. ”
U-Liu Gang wachaza ukuba kule minyaka yakutsha nje, kuye kwakho ukunyuka okubalulekileyo kumaxabiso eemveliso zezimbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, okukhokelele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kweendleko zemveliso yamashishini asemva kwityathanga lemizi-mveliso, ukwehla okubonakalayo kweenzuzo okanye ilahleko enkulu, ekhokelela kwisehlo “sokuncitshiswa kwemveliso okanye okungenakuthintelwa, ukutshintshwa okanye ukungabi nakuzinceda” isiganeko esichaphazela umhlaba wonke weshishini, ochaphazela umhlaba wonke. "I-chain industry chain ine-multiple chain chain nodes, i-long chain, kunye notshintsho olukhawulezayo. Ukuphucula indlela yexabiso leshishini elinqabileyo lomhlaba akuncedi kuphela ekufezekiseni ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyuka okusebenzayo kwishishini, kodwa nokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukukhuphisana kwezoshishino."
UChen Zhanheng ukholelwa ukuba ixabiso lomhlaba onqabileyo lisenokuqhubeka nokuhla. "Kunzima kumashishini asezantsi ukuba amkele ixabiso le-praseodymium neodymium oxide elidlula i-800000 ngetoni nganye, kwaye ayamkelekanga kwishishini lamandla omoya elidlula i-600000 ngetoni nganye. Ukuhamba kwefandesi yamva nje yokuthengiselana kwi-Stock Exchange ngumqondiso ocacileyo kakhulu: ngaphambili, bekukho ukukhawuleza ukuthenga, kodwa ngoku akukho ukukhawuleza ukuthenga. "
"Ukumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokuthengisa phantsi" okungazinzanga kokubuyiselwa komhlaba okunqabileyo
Ukurisayiklishwa komhlaba onqabileyo kuba ngomnye umthombo obalulekileyo wobonelelo lomhlaba onqabileyo. U-Wang Ji wabonisa ukuba kwi-2022, ukuveliswa kwe-praseodymium esetyenzisiweyo kunye neodymium kubalelwa kwi-42% yomthombo wesinyithi wepraseodymium kunye neodymium. Ngokwezibalo ezivela eShanghai Steel Union (300226. SZ), ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma ye-NdFeB e-China kuya kufikelela kwiitoni ze-70000 kwi-2022.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezifanayo kwi-ore eluhlaza, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma enqabileyo yomhlaba kuneenzuzo ezininzi: iinkqubo ezimfutshane, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokunciphisa "inkunkuma emithathu". Isebenzisa ubuncwane ngokufanelekileyo, inciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, yaye ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo ubuncwane bomhlaba obunqabileyo belizwe.
U-Liu Weihua, uMlawuli we-Huahong Technology (002645. SZ) kunye noSihlalo we-Anxintai Technology Co., Ltd., ubonise ukuba izixhobo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisiseko ziyimithombo ekhethekileyo. Ngexesha lemveliso ye-neodymium iron boron magnetic materials, malunga ne-25% ukuya kwi-30% yenkunkuma yekona iveliswa, kwaye itoni nganye ye-praseodymium kunye ne-neodymium oxide efunyenweyo ilingana neetoni ezingaphantsi kwe-10000 ze-ion ore yomhlaba enqabileyo okanye iitoni ezi-5 ze-ore yomhlaba enqabileyo ekrwada.
U-Liu Weihua ukhankanye ukuba isixa se-neodymium, i-iron, kunye ne-boron efunyenwe kwiimoto zombane ezinamavili amabini okwangoku idlula iitoni ezili-10000, kwaye ukuchithwa kwezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini kuya kunyuka kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. "Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, uluhlu lwangoku lwentlalo yezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini e-China zijikeleze i-200 yezigidi zeeyunithi, kwaye imveliso yonyaka yeenqwelo zombane ezinamavili amabini zijikeleze iiyunithi zezigidi ezingama-50. Ngokuqiniswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo, urhulumente uya kukhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwe-lead-ibhetri ye-asidi kwisigaba sokuqala se-asidi elindeleke ukuba ivelise i-asidi ephindwe kabini kwaye ivelise i-asidi ezimbini-ezinamavili amabini ekuqaleni, kunye nokunciphisa i-asidi ephindwe kabini. Iimoto zombane ziya kwanda kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. "
"Kwelinye icala, urhulumente uyaqhubeka nokucoca kunye nokulungisa iiprojekthi ezingekho mthethweni kunye nezingahambelaniyo ezinqabileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe emhlabeni, kwaye ziya kuphelisa amanye amashishini okubuyisela kwakhona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqela amakhulu kunye neemarike ezinkulu zibandakanyeka, zinika inzuzo ekhuphisanayo. Ukusinda kwabanamandla kakhulu kuya kwandisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukugxilwa kweshishini, "utshilo uLiu Weihua.
Ngokutsho kwentatheli evela kwi-Arhente yeNdaba ye-Cailian, ngoku kukho malunga nama-40 amashishini abandakanyekayo ekwahluleni i-neodymium, isinyithi, kunye ne-boron recycled imathiriyeli kwilizwe lonke, kunye nomthamo wemveliso ongaphezu kweetoni ezingama-60000 ze-REO. Phakathi kwazo, amashishini amahlanu aphezulu okurisayikilisha kushishino athatha phantse i-70% yomthamo wemveliso.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ishishini langoku le-neodymium iron boron recycling lifumana into ethi "reverse purchase and sales", oko kukuthi, ukuthenga okuphezulu kunye nokuthengisa okuphantsi.
U-Liu Weihua uthe ukusukela kwikota yesibini yalo nyaka uphelileyo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma yomhlaba enqabileyo bekukwimeko ethe kratya, kuthintelwa ngamandla uphuhliso lweli shishini. NgokukaLiu Weihua, kukho izizathu ezithathu ezingundoqo zale nto: ukwanda okubalulekileyo kwamandla emveliso yamashishini okurisayikilisha, ukuhla kwemfuno yesiphelo, kunye nokwamkelwa kwemodeli yonxibelelaniso lwesinyithi kunye nenkunkuma ngamaqela amakhulu ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwemarike yenkunkuma.
U-Liu Weihua ubonise ukuba umthamo okhoyo wokubuyisela umhlaba onqabileyo kwilizwe lonke ziitoni ezingama-60000, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kujongwe ukwandisa umthamo malunga neetoni ezingama-80000, nto leyo ebangele ukomelela okukhulu. "Oku kubandakanya inguqu yobugcisa kunye nokwandiswa komthamo okhoyo, kunye nomthamo omtsha weqela lomhlaba onqabileyo."
Ngokubhekiselele kwimarike yokuphinda kusetyenziswe umhlaba onqabileyo kulo nyaka, uWang Ji ukholelwa ukuba okwangoku, ii-odolo ezivela kwiinkampani zemagneti eziphathekayo azikaphucuki, kwaye ukwanda kokunikezelwa kwenkunkuma kulinganiselwe. Kulindeleke ukuba imveliso ye-oxide kwinkunkuma ayiyi kutshintsha kakhulu.
Umntu ongaphakathi kwishishini ongafuni kuchazwa igama uxelele i-Arhente yeNdaba yaseCailian ukuba "imigodi kunye nokuthengisa phantsi" kokuphinda kusetyenziswe umhlaba akuzinzileyo. Ngokuhla okuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo, le nto kulindeleke ukuba iguqulwe. Intatheli evela kwi-Arhente ye-Cailian News yafunda ukuba okwangoku, i-Ganzhou Waste Alliance iceba ukuthenga ngokudibeneyo izinto eziluhlaza ngexabiso elithotyiweyo. “Kunyaka ophelileyo, izityalo ezininzi zenkunkuma zavalwa okanye zancitshiswa imveliso, kwaye ngoku izityalo ezilahlwayo zisengowona mbutho uphambili,” utshilo umzi-mveliso wangaphakathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-30-2023