Erbium, icandelo lama-68 kwitheyibhile yeperiodic.
Ukufunyanwa kweierbiumizele ngamajiko-jiko.Kwi-1787, kwidolophu encinci yase-Itby, i-1.6 yeekhilomitha ukusuka e-Stockholm, eSweden, umhlaba omtsha onqabileyo wafunyanwa kwilitye elimnyama, elibizwa ngokuba yi-yttrium emhlabeni ngokwendawo yokufumanisa.Emva kweNguquko yaseFransi, usokhemisti uMossander wasebenzisa itekhnoloji esanda kuphuhliswa ukunciphisa isisekoiyttriumukusuka emhlabeni yttrium.Ngeli xesha, abantu baqaphela ukuba umhlaba we-yttrium awukho "inxalenye enye" kwaye wafumana ezinye ii-oxides ezimbini: i-pink ibizwa ngokubai-erbium oxide, nemfusa ekhanyayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-terbium oxide.Ngowe-1843, uMossander wafumanisa i-erbium kunyeterbium, kodwa akazange akholelwe ukuba ezi zinto zimbini zifunyenweyo zazinyulu yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba zixutywe nezinye izinto.Kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, abantu bafumanisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezixutywe kuyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bafumana ezinye izinto zesinyithi ze-lanthanide ngaphandle kwe-erbium kunye ne-terbium.
Uphononongo lwe-erbium aluzange lube lula njengoko lufunyenwe.Nangona uMaussand wafumanisa i-pink erbium oxide ngo-1843, akuzange kube ngowe-1934 apho iisampuli ezicocekileyoisinyithi se-erbiumzikhutshwe ngenxa yokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwiindlela zokucoca.Ngokufudumeza nokucocaI-erbium chloridekunye ne-potassium, abantu baphumelele ukunciphisa i-erbium nge-potassium yensimbi.Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi ze-erbium zifana kakhulu nezinye izakhi zesinyithi ze-lanthanide, ezikhokelela kwiminyaka ephantse ibe yi-50 yokuma kuphando olunxulumeneyo, olufana nemagnetism, amandla okukhuhlana, kunye nokuveliswa kwentlantsi.Kuze kube yi-1959, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-4f ekhethekileyo ye-electronic structure ye-athomu ye-erbium kwiindawo ezikhulayo ze-optical fields, i-erbium yafumana ingqalelo kwaye izicelo ezininzi ze-erbium zaphuhliswa.
I-Erbium, isilivere emhlophe, inokwakheka okuthambileyo kwaye ibonisa kuphela i-ferromagnetism eyomeleleyo kufutshane ne-absolute zero.Yi-superconductor kwaye i-oxidized ngokucothayo ngumoya kunye namanzi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.I-Erbium oxidengumbala obomvu werozi oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwishishini leporcelain kwaye likhazikhazi elilungileyo.I-Erbium igxile kumatye entaba-mlilo kwaye inezimbiwa eziziinkozo ezinkulu kumazantsi eTshayina.
I-Erbium ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-optical kwaye inokuguqula i-infrared ibe kukukhanya okubonakalayo, iyenze ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza i-infrared detectors kunye nezixhobo zokubona ebusuku.Ikwasisixhobo esinobuchule ekubhaqweni kwefotoni, ekwaziyo ukufunxa ngokuqhubekayo iifotoni ngamanqanaba athile okuvuselela i-ion kwindawo eqinileyo, kwaye emva koko ibone kwaye ibale ezi fotoni ukwenza i-photon detector.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa ngokuthe ngqo kweefotoni nge-trivalent erbium ion kwakungekho phezulu.Kwakungekho de kwangowe-1966 apho izazinzulu zavelisa i-erbium lasers ngokuthi ngokungangqalanga zibambe imiqondiso ye-optical ngokusebenzisa ii-ion ezincedisayo emva koko zigqithisele amandla kwi-erbium.
Umgaqo we-erbium laser uyafana naleyo ye-holmium laser, kodwa amandla ayo aphantsi kakhulu kunalawo e-holmium laser.I-laser ye-erbium ene-wavelength ye-2940 nanometers ingasetyenziselwa ukusika izicubu ezithambileyo.Nangona olu hlobo lwe-laser kwingingqi ephakathi kwe-infrared lunamandla okungena lula, lunokufunxwa ngokukhawuleza kukufuma kwizicubu zomntu, ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ngamandla amancinci.Inokunqunyulwa kakuhle, isile, kwaye isuse izicwili ezithambileyo, iphumelelise ukuphiliswa kwenxeba ngokukhawuleza.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kuqhaqho lwelaser njengomgodi womlomo, i-cataract emhlophe, ubuhle, ukususwa kwesiva, kunye nokususwa kwemibimbi.
Kwi-1985, iYunivesithi yaseSouthampton yase-UK kunye neYunivesithi yaseMntla-mpuma eJapan iphuhlise ngempumelelo i-erbium-doped fiber amplifier.Kule mihla, i-Wuhan Optics Valley e-Wuhan, kwiPhondo lase-Hubei, e-China iyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo le-erbium-doped fiber amplifier kwaye iyithumele kuMntla Melika, eYurophu, nakwezinye iindawo.Esi sicelo sesinye sezona zinto ziqanjiweyo kunxibelelwano lwefiber optic, okoko nje inxalenye ethile ye-erbium ifakwe i-doped, inokubuyekeza ilahleko yeempawu zamehlo kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano.Esi sixhobo sokukhulisa okwangoku sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwefiber optic, ekwaziyo ukuhambisa imiqondiso yokukhanya ngaphandle kokuba buthathaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-16-2023