1. Ukuphuhliswa ukusuka kwiprayimari eninziumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso zokusulungekiswaumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso
Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, ishishini laseTshayina elinqabileyo lokunyibilikisa kunye nokwahlula likhule ngokukhawuleza, nobuninzi bayo obahlukeneyo, imveliso, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, kunye nokubekwa kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi.Abaninziumhlaba onqabileyoUkwahlula, inkqubo yokucoca nayo inokuthathwa njengomgangatho wehlabathi.Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho kunye nokuhambelanaumhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso zemichiza ezintle zisasilela emva kwinqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla emveliso ezinkuluumhlaba onqabileyoIifektri zigqithe kakhulu kwimfuno kwiimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazweumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo zikwimeko yokugqithiswa, ngelixaumhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle zineempawu zokuxinana okuphezulu kwethekhinoloji, imbuyekezo ephezulu yotyalo-mali, ukulawulwa kwethekhinoloji eyomeleleyo, kunye neengeniso ezithengisiweyo eziphezulu, ngoko ke iingenelo zoqoqosho ezibanzi ziyancomeka.Ke ngoko, amashishini asekhaya anqabileyo emhlabeni kufuneka enze inkqubela phambili kule ntsimi kwiminyaka ezayo ukuze kugcinwe imida yengeniso ephezulu kunye nesantya sophuhliso.
2. Umhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ziphuhla zisiya ekusulungekeni okuphezulu, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokucokisa kakhulu
Indima yeimihlaba enqabileyokwintsimi yobuchwephesha obuphezulu inokufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo ngeempawu zabo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali emva kokucocwa okuphezulu.Umhlaba onqabileyoukucoceka kwe-5N okanye ngaphezulu kuyadingeka kwizinto ezikhanyayo, izixhobo ze-laser, izinto ze-optoelectronic, njl.Ayixutywanga, imfuno yesiqulatho sokungcola komhlaba iye isiba phantsi kwaye isezantsi, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezifana neFe, Cu, Ni, Pb efuna umxholo ongaphantsi kwe-1 × 10-6.Ke ngoko, ukucocwa okuphezulu kuya kuba sisikhokelo sophuhliso kwixesha elizayoumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso.
Ukuphuhliswa kwentshaumhlaba onqabileyoimathiriyeli ikakhulu ixhomekeke ekubunjweni komxubeumhlaba onqabileyoimathiriyeli ngothotho lweenkqubo zenkqubo phakathi komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nezinye iikhompawundi, kunye nokudibanisa yindlela yophuhlisoumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo.
Ubungakanani besuntswana leumhlaba onqabileyoi-compounds iya kuchaphazela umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kuba njengoko ubukhulu be-particle buncipha, indawo ethile yendawo iyanda, umsebenzi we-surface uyaqhubeka nokuphucula, kunye nemisebenziumhlaba onqabileyoiikhompawundi ziya kusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
I-Chemistry inokukhawulezisa ukusabela okwahlukeneyo komzimba kunye neekhemikhali, kwaye yandise amandla okubopha phakathi kwamasuntswana.Ucokiso lwe-ultrafine lweumhlaba onqabileyoiikhompawundi ayilophando oluntsonkothileyo noluphezulu kuphela, kodwa ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ixabiso lezoqoqosho.umhlaba onqabileyoiikhompawundi kuthetha.Ukongeza, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ziye zabekwa phambili kwindawo ethile yendawo, ubume bekristale, imorphology, kunye nobunzima obuthile bomhlaba.umhlaba onqabileyoiikhompawundi.
3. Iinkqubo zamalungiselelo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ziya kuvela
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ngenxa yobume obukhethekileyo boshishino,umhlaba onqabileyoamashishini anemida yengeniso ephezulu kunye nemida ephantsi.Amashishini angaphakathi kumhlaba onqabileyo anengxaki yokungonelanga, kwaye ebesilela kukhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqondaumhlaba onqabileyoiteknoloji yokulungiselela.Imeko yolwaphulo-mthetho nolwaphulo-mthetho imbi kakhulu, ikhokelela ekunqongophaleni kokhuphiswano olungundoqo phakathi kwamashishini emveliso.Ngokungena China kwi WTO, le meko iya kutshintsha kule minyaka izayo, Various rzisemhlabeniamashishini kunye namaziko ophando aya kwandisa utyalo-mali lwabo lophando kwinkalo yeumhlaba onqabileyoukulungiswa komdibaniso, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inani elikhulu leumhlaba onqabileyoIinkqubo zolungiselelo oluhlanganisiweyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ziya kuvela.
4. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini, amaziko ophando kunye neeyunivesithi iya komelezwa ngakumbi
Kukho ingxaki eqhelekileyo yokungonelanga kwentsusa yasekhayaumhlaba onqabileyoamashishini emveliso.Nangona amaziko ophando anenqanaba elithile lentsusa kuphando lwezenzululwazi, kukwakho nokunqongophala kwamava etekhnoloji yobunjineli.Ke ngoko, ukudibanisa ezi zimbini kunye nokuphuhlisa ngokudibeneyo ishishini yindlela yophuhliso kwiminyaka ezayo.
5. Isantya sotyalo-mali lwangaphandle olungena e-China luya kukhawuleza, lukhokelela kukhuphiswano olutsha kwishishini
Ukususela ngo-1990, utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, olumelwe yinkampani yaseFransi uRodier kunye nenkampani yaseCanada i-AMR, ingene eTshayina.umhlaba onqabileyoamashishini ahlanganisiweyo anemisebenzi eyimpumelelo.Amava olawulo oluphezulu, amajelo okuthengisa agudileyo, ugxininiso kwimvelaphi yophando lwezenzululwazi, kunye nezibonelelo zasekuhlaleni kunye neenzuzo zabasebenzi zonke zizise imbuyekezo etyebileyo kumaphulo adibeneyo.Ngenxa yesikhokelo soluhlu lwemizekelo eyimpumelelo, lo mkhwa uya kukhawuleza.Ke ngoko, kuya kukhokelela kukhuphiswano olutsha kwishishini.
6. Amashishini anomlinganiselo omncinci womntu kunye nokungabikho kweempawu kuya kupheliswa
Ukususela ngo-1990, iumhlaba onqabileyoishishini lifumene ukuguquguquka okuninzi, ngamaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo e-China ehla kwaye ehla kwakhona.Kubekho umkhwa wokusondela kumndilili weengeniso ezivela kwingeniso egqithileyo, kwaye neentengiso ziye zancitshiswa ngaphantsi komgca wenzuzo ukuze kuhluthwe imarike.Ngaphantsi kweemeko zoqoqosho lwemarike, amashishini amancinci angenazo iimpawu aya kupheliswa, eshiya ngasemva amashishini anezinga elikhulu kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo.Lo mthetho wezoqoqosho awukho ngaphandle kolu shishino.
7. Ulwakhiwo lweemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo luya kutshintsha
Lilonke, izinga lokukhula kweumhlaba onqabileyoukusetyenziswa kwimihlaba yemveli kuyacotha noko, kwaye intsimi enokonyusa imfuno yomhlaba onqabileyo yeyomhlaba wezinto ezintsha.Ngoko ke, ubume beumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo kufuneka zilungele iimfuno zentsimi yemathiriyeli entsha.Okwangoku, izinga lokukhula kweneodymiumizinto zentsimbi boron magnetic yi-30% ukuya kwi-40%, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kweneodymiumiya kwanda ngokukhawuleza.Onke amashishini anqabileyo adibanisa umhlaba kufuneka agxile kuwoneodymiumukwakheka komdibaniso, ukuqinisekisa zombini unikezelo lweneodymiumkunye nokusetyenziswa okulinganayo kwezinyeumhlaba onqabileyoiikhompawundi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2023