I-1. Ukuphuhlisa ukusuka kwi-Bulk Primaryumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ezihlaziyiweyoumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso
Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, i-China enqabileyo ye-China enqabileyo kunye neshishini lokwahlulahlula, imveliso, ivolumu, ivolumu yokuthumela, kunye nokusebenzisa indawo ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ezininziumhlaba onqabileyoUkwahlula, inkqubo yokucoca nayo inokuthathwa njengodidi lwehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho kunye nokungaguquguquki kweumhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso ezintle zekhemikhali zisemva kwenqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla emveliso ephambiliumhlaba onqabileyoIifektri ziye zadlula kude kwimfuno kwiimarike zasekhaya nakwamanye amazweumhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo zikwimeko ye-overvply, ngelixaumhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso zekhemikhali ezilungileyo zineempawu zobugcisa betekhnoloji ephezulu, imbuyekezo ephezulu yotyalo-mali, eyomeleleyo yobugcisa, kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu zeteknoloji, ke ngoko, izibonelelo zoqoqosho eziphezulu zibonakale. Ke ngoko, amashishini omhlaba anqabileyo asekhaya kufuneka enze iimpumelelo kule ntsimi kule minyaka izayo ukuze alondoloze isantya esiphezulu senzuzo kunye nesantya sophuhliso.
2. Umhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso ziphuhlisa ukucocwa okuphezulu, ukudibanisa, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwe-ultra
Indima yeumhlaba onqabileyoKwintsimi ephezulu yobuchwephesha inokuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo ngezabelo zazo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali emva kokuhlanjululwa okuphezulu.Umhlaba onqabileyopurity of 5N or above is required for luminescent materials, laser materials, optoelectronic materials, etc; Ukungabinamsebenzi, imfuneko yokufuna ukungcola komhlaba iya kuba isezantsi kwaye iphantsi, ngentsimbi enzima njenge-fe, cu, i-NI, i-NI, i-PB ifuna umxholo ungaphantsi kwe-1 × 10-6. Ke ngoko, ukucocwa okuphezulu kuya kuba yindlela yophuhliso yekamva elizayoumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso.
Uphuhliso olutshaumhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo ikakhulu zixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kokudityaniswaumhlaba onqabileyoIzixhobo ngothotho lweenkqubo zenkqubo phakathi komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiweyo, kunye nokudibanisa indawo yophuhliso lweumhlaba onqabileyoiimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo.
Ubungakanani beumhlaba onqabileyoImigqaliselo iya kuchaphazela umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kuba isahlulo sobungakanani siyancipha, indawo ethile yonyuka, umsebenzi womhlaba uyaqhubeka ukuphucuka, kunye nemisebenzi yeumhlaba onqabileyoImithombo iyasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
I-Chemistry inokukhawulezisa ukuphendula ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali, kwaye kwandise amandla okubopha phakathi kwamasuntswana. Ukuphuculwa kwe-ultrafine yeumhlaba onqabileyoImigqaliselo ayisiyiyo kuphela uphando olunobunzima obuphakathi kunye nobuchwephesha obuphezulu, kodwa nendlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ixabiso loqoqoshoumhlaba onqabileyoIIMPAWU ZOKUTHENGA. Ukongeza, iimfuno ezizodwa zibekelwe phambili kwindawo ethile, isakhiwo sekristali, i-morphology, kunye nobunkunkqele obuthileumhlaba onqabileyoimichiza.
3. Iinkqubo zokulungiselela kunye neetekhnoloji ezinamalungelo ezizimeleyo zePropathi yeNgeniso ziya kuvela
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ngenxa yobume obukhethekileyo bemveliso,umhlaba onqabileyoAmashishini anezibuko eliphezulu lenzuzo kunye nemilinganiselo ephantsi. Amashishini anqabileyo asekhaya anqabileyo anengxaki yendawo engonelanga, kwaye ebengenako ukhuseleko lwepropathi yengqondo yeumhlaba onqabileyoItekhnoloji yokulungiselela. I-phenomenon yokwaphula umthetho kunye nokophula umthetho ibaluleke kakhulu, kukhokelela ekusweleni ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamashishini emveliso. Ukungena kuka China kwi-WTO, le meko iya kutshintsha kwiminyaka ezayo, eyahlukeneyo rnguMhlabaamashishini kunye namaziko ophando aya konyusa utyalo mali lwazo kwicandelo leumhlaba onqabileyoUkulungiselela okuhlanganisiweyo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inani elikhulu leumhlaba onqabileyoIinkqubo zokuLungiselela kunye neetekhnoloji ezinamalungelo ezizimeleyo zepropathi ephantsi kwepropathi ziya kuvela.
4. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini, amaziko ophando, kunye neeyunivesithi ziya komelezwa
Kukho ingxaki eqhelekileyo yenguqulelo engonelanga phakathi kwekhayaumhlaba onqabileyoImveliso amashishini. Nangona amaziko ophando anenqanaba elithile lemvelaphi kuphando lwezenzululwazi, kukwakhona ukunqongophala kwamava obuchwephesha bobunjineli. Ke ngoko, ukudibanisa la mashishini mabini nangenzi ngokudibeneyo lo mzi mveliso yindlela yophuhliso kwiminyaka ezayo.
5. Isantya sokutyalomali kwangaphandle singena kwi-China siyakukhawulezisa, sikhokelela kukhuphiswano olutsha kwishishini
Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1990s, utyalomali lwangaphandle, omelwe yinkampani yaseFradier Rodier kunye neNkampani yaseCanada, ingenile iTshayinaumhlaba onqabileyoamashishini ahlanganisiweyo anemisebenzi ephumeleleyo. Amava olawulo oluphambili, iindlela zokuthengisa ezigudileyo, kugxininiswa kwimvelaphi yophando lwenzululwazi, kunye nezibonelelo zobutyebi bengingqi kunye nezibonelelo zombane zizise imbuyekezo. Ngenxa yesikhokelo sothotho lwemizekelo ephumeleleyo, le meko iya kukhawulezisa. Ke ngoko, iya kukhokelela kukhuphiswano olutsha kwishishini.
I-6. Amashishini anomgangatho omncinci kunye nokusilela kweempawu kuya kupheliswa
Ukusukela ngo-1990s, iumhlaba onqabileyoUmzi-mveliso unamava okuguquguquka okuninzi, ngamaxabiso emihlaba enqabileyo e-China awela kwaye awe. Kubekho umxholo wokusondela kwinzuzo yenzuzo yengeniso engaphezulu, kwaye ukuthengisa kuncitshisiwe ngaphantsi komgca wenzuzo ukuze ubambe intengiso. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zoqoqosho ezithengiswayo, amashishini amancinci ngaphandle kwempawu ziya kupheliswa, zishiya amashishini ngamashishini amakhulu kunye nexabiso eliphezulu. Lo mthetho uqoqosho awukhekisi kweli shishini.
7. Ubume beemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziya kutshintsha
Lilonke, inqanaba lokukhula kweumhlaba onqabileyoUkusetyenziswa kwimimandla yemveli kuyacotha, kwaye intsimi enokwandisa imfuno yomhlaba onqabileyo yentsimi entsha. Ke ngoko, ubume beumhlaba onqabileyoIimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo kufuneka zilungele iimfuno zentsimi entsha. Okwangoku, inqanaba lokukhula kweI-NeodmiumI-Iron Boron Magnetice Izixhobo ezingama-30% ukuya kwi-40%, ke ukusetyenziswa kweI-Neodmiumiya kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Onke amashishini anqabileyo asemhlabeni kufuneka agxileI-Neodmiumubume obuqingqiweyo, uqinisekisa zombini ukuhanjiswa kweI-Neodmiumkunye nokusetyenziswa okulungeleleneyo kokunyeumhlaba onqabileyoimichiza.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-NoV-02-2023