Intshayelelo yokuSetyenziswa kwemihlaba eRare
Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zaziwa ngokuba "ziivithamini zamashishini", kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo ezingenakulinganiswa namagnetic, optical kunye nombane, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukwandisa imveliso eyahlukeneyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kudlale indima enkulu. Ngenxa yendima enkulu yomhlaba onqabileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincinci, kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni isakhiwo semveliso, ukuphucula umxholo wesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kumashishini, sele isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-metallurgy, umkhosi, i-petrochemical, i-glass ceramics, ezolimo kunye nezinto ezintsha kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ishishini leMetallological
Oonyana bomhlaba onqabileyo kunye noonongendi baye basetyenziswa kwintsimi yesinyithi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30, kwaye baye benza iteknoloji ekhulileyo kunye neteknoloji, imihlaba enqabileyo kwintsimbi, isinyithi esingenawo, yindawo enkulu, inethemba elibanzi. Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo okanye i-fluoride, i-silicate eyongeziweyo kwintsimbi, inokudlala indima yokucoca, i-desulfurization, i-medium and low melting point ukungcola okuyingozi, kwaye inokuphucula ukusebenza kwentsimbi; Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimoto, itrektara, i-injini ye-diesel kunye nolunye ushishino lokuvelisa oomatshini, isinyithi somhlaba esinqabileyo esongeziweyo kwi-magnesium, i-aluminium, ubhedu, i-zinc, i-nickel kunye nezinye i-alloys ezingenayo i-ferrous, inokuphucula iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-alloys, kunye nokuphucula ubushushu begumbi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu beempawu ze-alloys.
Ngenxa yokuba umhlaba onqabileyo uneempawu ezibalaseleyo zomzimba ezinje nge-optical kunye ne-electromagnetic, zinokwenza izixhobo ezitsha ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nobubanzi bezinye izinto, ezinokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezinye iimveliso. Ngoko ke, kukho igama elithi "igolide yamashishini". Okokuqala, ukongezwa komhlaba onqabileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweitanki, inqwelomoya, imijukujelwa, intsimbi, i-aluminium alloy, i-magnesium alloy, i-titanium alloy tactical performance. Ukongeza, umhlaba onqabileyo unokusetyenziswa njengezinto zombane, iilaser, ishishini lenyukliya, i-superconducting kunye nezinye izithambisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ubugcisa bomhlaba obunqabileyo, obakhe busetyenziswa emkhosini, ngokuqinisekileyo buya kuzisa umtsi kwinzululwazi nobugcisa bomkhosi. Ngandlel’ ithile, ulawulo olukhulu lomkhosi wase-US kwiimfazwe zasekhaya zasemva kweMfazwe ebandayo, kunye namandla awo okubulala utshaba ngendlela engalawulekiyo nekawonke-wonke, kungenxa yodidi lwawo lwetekhnoloji yomhlaba engaqhelekanga.
Petrochemicals
Umhlaba onqabileyo ungasetyenziselwa kwintsimi ye-petrochemical ukwenza i-molecular sieve catalysts, kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu, ukukhetha okulungileyo, ukuchasana okunamandla kwi-poisoning yensimbi enzima kunye nezinye iingenelo, ngaloo ndlela ithatha indawo ye-aluminium silicate catalysts ye-petroleum catalytic cracking process; Umthamo wegesi yonyango lwayo ngamaxesha angama-1.5 amakhulu kune-nickel aluminium catalyst, kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwerabha ye-shunbutyl kunye nerabha ye-isoprene, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyclane acid enqabileyo yomhlaba - i-isobutyl aluminium catalyst emithathu, ifunyenwe ukusebenza kwemveliso ilungile, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zokuxhoma iglue, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, inkqubo emfutshane emva konyango; kwaye nangokunjalo.
Iiseramikhi zeglasi
Umthamo wokusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kushishino lweglasi kunye ne-ceramic yaseTshayina iye yanda ngesantya esiphakathi kwama-25% ukusukela ngo-1988, yafikelela malunga neetoni ezingama-1600 ngo-1998, kwaye iiseramics zeglasi yomhlaba ezinqabileyo azikho nje izinto ezisisiseko ezisisiseko kushishino kunye nobomi, kodwa kwakhona amalungu aphambili entsimi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo okanye izigxininisi zomhlaba ezicwangcisiweyo ezinqabileyo zinokusetyenziswa njengomgubo wokupolisha osetyenziswa kakhulu kwiglasi yamehlo, iilensi zokubona, iityhubhu zokucinga, iioscilloscopetubes, iglasi ecaba, iplastiki kunye nentsimbi yokupholisha itafile; Ukuze kususwe umbala oluhlaza kwiglasi, ukongezwa kweeoksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunokuvelisa ukusetyenziswa okwahlukileyo kweglasi yeglasi kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo, kubandakanywa neglasi ye-infrared, i-uv-absorbing glass, i-asidi kunye neglasi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu, iglasi ye-X-ray-proof, njl., kwi-ceramic kunye ne-enamel ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo, kunokunciphisa ukugqabhuka kweglaze, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-ceramic ebanzi, kwaye iyakwazi ukwenza iimveliso ze-ceramic zibonise ububanzi.
Ezolimo
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izakhi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokuphucula umxholo we-chlorophyll wezityalo, ukwandisa i-photosynthesis, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu, kunye nokunyusa ukufunxa izondlo zenkqubo yeengcambu. Imihlaba enqabileyo inokukhuthaza ukuntshula kwembewu, inyuse izinga lokuntshula kwembewu, kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezithole. Ukongeza kwezi ndima ziphambili, kodwa inamandla okwenza izityalo ezithile ukomeleza ukuxhathisa izifo, ingqele, ukumelana nembalela. Inani elikhulu lezifundo likwabonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo efanelekileyo yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunokukhuthaza ukufunxa, ukuguqulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezondlo kwizityalo. Ukutshiza umhlaba onqabileyo kunokuphucula umxholo we-VC, umxholo weswekile iyonke kunye ne-sugar-acid ratio ye-apile kunye neziqhamo ze-citrus, kunye nokukhuthaza umbala weziqhamo kunye nokubaluleka kwangaphambili. Inokuthintela amandla okuphefumla ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokubola.
Izinto ezintsha
Umhlaba onqabileyo we-ferrite boron osisigxina umazibuthe, kunye nemagnethi ephezulu eyintsalela, amandla aphezulu amathambo kunye nokuqokelelana kwamandla kazibuthe kunye nezinye iimpawu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-elektroniki kunye ne-aerospace kunye nokuqhuba iiinjini zomoya (ingakumbi ezifanelekileyo kwizityalo zokuvelisa umbane kude nonxweme); - I-aluminium garnets kunye neglasi ye-niobium eyenziwe kwi-zirconium ephezulu yococeko ingasetyenziswa njengezinto eziqinileyo ze-laser; i-boroncans yomhlaba enqabileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ze-cathodic ezikhutshwa nge-elektroniki; i-niobium nickel metal yinto esanda kuphuhliswa yokugcina i-hydrogen kwi-1970s; kunye ne-chromic acid yimathiriyeli yobushushu obuphezulu be-thermoelectric Okwangoku, izinto ezixubileyo ezenziwe nge-niobium-based oxides kunye nokuphuculwa kwezinto ze-oksijini ezisekelwe kwi-niobium kwihlabathi zinokufumana ii-superconductors kwindawo yobushushu be-nitrogen yolwelo, eyenza ukuphumelela ekuphuhliseni izinto eziphezulu ze-superconducting. Ukongeza, umhlaba onqabileyo nawo usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithombo yokukhanya efana ne-phosphors, i-phosphors yesikrini ephuculweyo, i-phosphors yemibala emithathu, i-powder ekhutshiweyo yokukhanya (kodwa ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lamaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwehla kancinci), iipilisi ze-TV kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-elektroniki; Inokunyusa imveliso yayo nge-5 ukuya kwi-10%, kwishishini le-textile, i-chloride yomhlaba enqabileyo iphinda isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekukhanyeni uboya, ukudaya uboya, ukudaywa koboya kunye nokudaywa kwekhaphethi, kwaye imihlaba enqabileyo ingasetyenziswa kwi-automotive converters ukuze kuncitshiswe ungcoliseko oluphambili kwi-injini yokukhupha igesi kwiikhompawundi ezingenayo ityhefu.
Ezinye izicelo
Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zikwasetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zedijithali kubandakanya iaudio-visual, ukufota, unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zedijithali, ukuhlangabezana nemveliso encinci, ngokukhawuleza, ukukhanya, ukusebenzisa ixesha elide, ukonga amandla kunye nezinye iimfuno ezininzi. Ngelo xesha, isetyenziswe kwakhona kumandla aluhlaza, ukunakekelwa kwezonyango, ukucocwa kwamanzi, ukuthutha kunye nezinye iindawo.