Kutheni amandla enqongophele kwaye amandla alawulwa eTshayina? Ichaphazela njani ishishini lemichiza?

Intshayelelo:Kungekudala, "ukukhanya okubomvu" kuvuliwe kulawulo olubini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiindawo ezininzi e-China. Ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezine ukusuka ekupheleni konyaka "uvavanyo olukhulu", imimandla ebizwa ngokuba nguMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi ithathe amanyathelo emva komnye ukuzama ukuphucula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokukhawuleza. I-Jiangsu, i-Guangdong, i-Zhejiang kunye namanye amaphondo ekhemikhali amakhulu enze izibetho ezinzima, ethatha amanyathelo afana nokumisa imveliso kunye nokucima kombane kumawakawaka amashishini.Vumela amashishini asekhaya azive ebambekile. Kutheni ugesi unqunyulwa kwaye kunqunyanyiswe imveliso? Iza kuzisa liphi ifuthe kushishino?

Ukucuthwa kwamandla kumaphondo amaninzi kunye nemveliso encinci.

Kutshanje, iYunnan, iJiangsu, iQinghai, iNingxia, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iSichuan, iHenan, iChongqing, i-Inner Mongolia, iHenan kunye nezinye iindawo zaqala ukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngenjongo yokulawula kabini ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Izithintelo zombane kunye nezithintelo zemveliso ziye zasasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kumbindi kunye nommandla wasentshona ukuya kwimpuma yeYangtze River Delta kunye nePearl River Delta.

Sichuan:Misa imveliso engeyomfuneko, ukukhanya kunye nomthwalo weofisi.

Henan:Amanye amashishini asebenzayo anamandla alinganiselweyo ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu.

Chongqing:Ezinye iifektri ziwucimile umbane kwaye zayeka ukuvelisa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

I-Mongolia yangaphakathi:Lawula ngokungqongqo ixesha lokunqunyulwa kwamandla kwamashishini, kwaye ixabiso lombane aliyi kunyuka ngaphezu kwe-10%. I-Qinghai: Isilumkiso sokuqala sokunqunyulwa kwamandla sakhutshwa, kwaye ububanzi bokunqunyulwa kwamandla buqhubekile banda. I-Ningxia: Amashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi aya kumisa imveliso kangangenyanga enye. Ukunqunyulwa kwamandla eShaanxi de kube sekupheleni konyaka: IKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSixeko saseYulin, iPhondo laseShaanxi likhuphe injongo yokulawula kabini ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, efuna ukuba iiprojekthi ezisanda kwakhiwa "ezimbini eziphezulu" akufanele zifakwe kwimveliso ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuDisemba. Kulo nyaka, i-esanda kwakhiwa kwaye ifakwe ekusebenzeni "iiProjekthi ezimbini eziPhakamileyo" ziya kukhawulela imveliso nge-60% kwiiprojekthi zenyanga 'ezimbini' ziya kuzalisekisa imveliso ye-60% kwiinyanga ezimbini eziPhezulu, kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zenyanga ezimbini. ukunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kwemigca yemveliso kunye nokumisa iziko le-arc elingaphantsi kwamanzi ukukhawulela imveliso, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncipha kwe-50% kwimveliso ngoSeptemba. I-Yunnan: Imijikelo emibini yokunqunyulwa kwamandla yenziwe kwaye iya kuqhubeka inyuka ekulandeleni. I-avareji yenyanga yemveliso ye-silicon yamashishini ukusuka kuSeptemba ukuya kuDisemba ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-10% yemveliso ngo-Agasti (oko kukuthi, imveliso iya kunqunyulwa nge-90%);Ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuDisemba, i-avareji yenyanga yemveliso yomgca wokuvelisa i-phosphorus ayiyi kudlula i-10% yemveliso ngo-Agasti 2021 (okt, imveliso iya kuncitshiswa nge-90%). I-Guangxi: I-Guangxi iye yazisa umlinganiselo omtsha wolawulo oluphindwe kabini, olufuna ukuba amashishini aphezulu asebenzisa amandla afana ne-electrolytic aluminium, i-alumina, intsimbi kunye nesamente kufuneka ibe ncinane kwimveliso ukususela ngoSeptemba, kwaye umgangatho ocacileyo wokunciphisa imveliso unikezelwa. I-Shandong inolawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla kwansuku zonke kweeyure ze-9;Ngokutsho kwesilumkiso sokuqala seNkampani ye-Rizhao Power Supply, ukunikezelwa kwamalahle kwiPhondo laseShandong akwanelanga, kwaye kukho ukunqongophala kombane we-100,000-200,000 kilowatts yonke imihla eRizhao. Ixesha eliphambili lesiganeko livela kwi-15: 00 ukuya kwi-24: 00, kwaye iintsilelo zihlala kude kube ngoSeptemba, kwaye amanyathelo okuthintela amandla aqalisiwe. I-Jiangsu: Kwintlanganiso yeSebe lePhondo le-Jiangsu leSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, wayalelwa ukuba aqhube ulawulo olukhethekileyo lokonga amandla kumashishini asebenzisa amandla onyaka angaphezulu kwe-50,000 yeetoni zamalahle aqhelekileyo. Izenzo ezizodwa zokonga amandla ezigubungela amashishini angama-323 kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okubanzi onyaka kunye neeprojekthi ezingaphezulu kwe-2000000000000000 zaphehlelelwa ngokupheleleyo. Indawo yokushicilela kunye nokudaya ikhuphe isaziso sokunqunyanyiswa kwemveliso, kwaye amashishini angaphezu kwe-1,000 "aqale amabini kwaye amisa amabini".

Zhejiang:Amashishini abalulekileyo asebenzisa amandla kummandla aya kusebenzisa umbane ukunciphisa umthwalo, kwaye amashishini angundoqo asebenzisa amandla aya kumisa umveliso, okulindeleke ukuba ayeke kude kube ngoSeptemba 30.

I-Anhui igcina i-2.5 yezigidi ze-kilowatts zombane, kwaye iphondo lonke lisebenzisa umbane ngendlela elungeleleneyo: I-Ofisi yeQela eliKhokeleyo leSiqinisekiso saMandla kunye noBonelelo kwiPhondo lase-Anhui libike ukuba kuya kubakho umbane kunye ne-gap yemfuno kwiphondo lonke. Ngomhla wama-22 kuSeptemba, kuqikelelwa ukuba owona mthwalo uphezulu wombane kwiphondo lonke uya kuba zizigidi ezingama-36 zeekhilowathi, kwaye kukho umsantsa omalunga ne-2.5 yezigidi zeekilowathi kumncono phakathi konikezelo lombane kunye nemfuno, ngoko ke imeko yobonelelo kunye nemfuno inzima kakhulu. Kwagqitywa ekubeni kuqaliswe isicwangciso sephondo sokusetyenziswa kombane ngocwangco ukusukela ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibini kuSeptemba.

Guangdong:I-Guangdong Power Grid yathi iya kuphumeza "isiqalo ezibini kunye nokumisa okuhlanu" iskimu sokusetyenziswa kwamandla ukususela nge-16 kaSeptemba, kwaye iqonde i-off-peak shift rhoqo ngeCawa, ngoMvulo, ngoLwesibini, ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesine. Ngeentsuku ze-off-peak, kuphela umthwalo wokhuseleko uya kugcinwa, kwaye umthwalo wokhuseleko ungaphantsi kwe-15% yomthwalo opheleleyo!

Iinkampani ezininzi zibhengeze ukuba ziyakuyeka imveliso kwaye zinciphise imveliso.

Ukuchatshazelwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo olumbini, amashishini ahlukeneyo akhuphe izibhengezo zokumisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa imveliso.

Ngomhla wama-24 kaSeptemba, i-Limin Company yazisa ukuba i-Limin Chemical, i-subsidiary ephethwe ngokupheleleyo, yayiyekile ukuvelisa imveliso ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno "zolawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla" kummandla. Ngenjikalanga ye-23 kaSeptemba, uJinji ubhengeze ukuba kutsha nje, iKomiti yoLawulo lweNdawo yoPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho lweTaixing yePhondo laseJiangsu yamkele imfuneko "yolawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla" kumasebe karhulumente akwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye yacebisa ukuba amashishini afanelekileyo epakini kufuneka aphumeze amanyathelo anje "ukunqunyanyiswa kwemveliso yethutyana" kunye "nothintelo lwemveliso yethutyana yenkampani, uthintelo lwexeshana lwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa imveliso ye-Jiangsu". I-Jinhui Chemical, i-subsidiaries ephethwe ngokupheleleyo epakini, iye yanqunyulwa okwethutyana kwimveliso ukususela nge-22 kaSeptemba. Ngokuhlwa, iNanjing Chemical Fiber yabhengeza ukuba ngenxa yokunqongophala kombane kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, iJiangsu Jinling Cellulose Fiber Co., Ltd., i-subsidiary ephethwe ngokupheleleyo, yayimise okwethutyana imveliso ukususela nge-22 kaSeptemba kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqalise imveliso ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha. Ngomhla wama-22 kuSeptemba, u-Yingfeng wabhengeza ukuba, Ukunciphisa imeko ye-inventory yamalahle kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okukhuselekileyo nokucwangcisiweyo kokunikezelwa kobushushu kunye namashishini okusebenzisa, inkampani iye yamisa okwethutyana imveliso ngoSeptemba 22-23. Ukongeza, iinkampani ezidweliswe ezili-10, eziquka iChenhua, iHongbaoli, iXidamen, iTianyuan kunye ne *ST Chengxing, zibhengeze imiba enxulumeneyo yokunqunyanyiswa kwemveliso yeenkampani ezincedisayo kunye nemveliso elinganiselweyo ngenxa “yolawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla”.

Izizathu zokusilela kwamandla, imveliso enyiniweyo kunye nokuvalwa.

1. Ukunqongophala kwamalahle nombane.

Enyanisweni, ukucinywa kombane kukunqongophala kwamalahle nombane. Xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2019, imveliso yamalahle kazwelonke ayikhange inyuke, ngelixa ukuveliswa kombane kunyuka. Uluhlu lwe-Beigang kunye ne-inventory yamalahle yezityalo ezahlukeneyo zamandla ngokucacileyo ziyancipha ngamehlo. Izizathu zokunqongophala kwamalahle zezi zilandelayo:

(1) Kwinqanaba lokuqala lohlaziyo lwecala lonikezelo lwamalahle, inani lemigodi yamalahle emincinane kunye nemigodi yamalahle evulekileyo eneengxaki zokhuseleko yavalwa, kodwa akuzange kusetyenziswe migodi yamalahle emikhulu. Phantsi kwemvelaphi yemfuno elungileyo yamalahle kulo nyaka, ukubonelelwa kwamalahle bekuqinile;

(2) Imeko yalo nyaka yokuthumela ngaphandle intle kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kombane kumashishini alula kunye namashishini okuvelisa akumgangatho ophantsi kuye kwanda, kwaye indawo yokuvelisa amandla ngumthengi wamalahle amakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lamalahle liphezulu kakhulu, eliye lanyusa ixabiso lemveliso yomzi-mveliso wombane, kwaye umzi-mveliso unamandla anganeleyo okwandisa imveliso;

(3) Kulo nyaka, ukungeniswa kwamalahle kwamanye amazwe kuye kwatshintshwa ukusuka eOstreliya ukuya kwamanye amazwe, yaye ixabiso lamalahle avela kwamanye amazwe linyuke kakhulu, yaye nexabiso lamalahle ehlabathi nalo lahlala liphezulu.

2. Kutheni ungandisi unikezelo lwamalahle, kodwa ucime umbane?

Ngapha koko, ukuveliswa kombane ngokupheleleyo ngo-2021 akukho phantsi. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, amandla eChina ewonke ayezibhiliyoni ezi-3,871.7 kWh, ngokuphindwe kabini kunaseUnited States. Kwangaxeshanye, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina lukhule ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kulo nyaka.

Ngokutsho kwedatha esanda kukhutshwa yi-General Administration of Customs, ngo-Agasti, ixabiso lilonke lokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-China yi-3.43 yezigidigidi ze-yuan, ukunyuka kwe-18.9% ngonyaka, ukuzuza ukukhula okuhle konyaka-ngonyaka kwiinyanga ezili-15 ezilandelelanayo, ngokuqhubekayo kubonisa indlela ezinzileyo kunye nezinzile. Kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala, ixabiso lilonke lorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye norhwebo lwaseTshayina lwalungama-24.78 eebhiliyoni zeeyuan, lenyuke nge-23.7% unyaka nonyaka kunye ne-22.8% kwangelo xesha linye ngo-2019.

Oku kungenxa yokuba amazwe angaphandle achatshazelwe ngulo bhubhani, kwaye akukho ndlela yokuvelisa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoko umsebenzi wemveliso welizwe lethu uya usiba mandundu. Kunokuthiwa ngo-2020 kwaye nakwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2021, ilizwe lethu liphantse laqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwempahla yehlabathi ngokwalo, ngoko urhwebo lwethu lwangaphandle aluzange luchaphazeleke ngubhubhane, kodwa lungcono kakhulu kunedatha yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle ngo-2019. ukunyuka ixabiso intsimbi ore kunye nentsimbi concentrate Dafu. Iindlela eziphambili zemveliso kwishishini lemveliso zizinto eziphathekayo kunye nombane. Ngokunyuka kwemisebenzi yemveliso, imfuno yombane yaseTshayina iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Kutheni singawandisi unikezelo lwamalahle, kodwa kufuneka siwucime umbane? Kwelinye icala, kukho imfuneko enkulu yokuveliswa kombane.Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokuvelisa amandla nazo zonyukile. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukubonelelwa kwamalahle kwasekhaya kunye nemfuno ibiqinile, ixabiso lamalahle ashushu alinamandla ngexesha lonyaka, kwaye ixabiso lamalahle linyuke kakhulu kwaye lihlala likwizinga eliphezulu. Amaxabiso amalahle aphezulu kwaye kunzima ukuwa, kwaye iindleko zemveliso kunye nentengiso yamashishini asebenza ngamalahle aphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa uxinzelelo lokusebenza. Ngokutsho kwedatha yeBhunga loMbane laseChina, ixabiso leyunithi yamalahle asemgangathweni kwiqela elikhulu lokuvelisa amandla linyuke nge-50.5% ngonyaka, ngelixa ixabiso lombane lahlala lingatshintshi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isikhululo samandla siya kulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-0.1 yuan rhoqo xa sisenza i-kilowatt-yure enye, kwaye siya kuphulukana ne-10 yezigidi xa sivelisa i-100 yezigidi ze-kilowatt-yure. Kuloo mashishini amakhulu okuvelisa amandla, ilahleko yenyanga idlula i-yuan yezigidi ezili-100. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixabiso lamalahle liphezulu, kwaye kwelinye icala, ixabiso elidadayo lexabiso lombane lilawulwa, ngoko ke kunzima kwizixhobo zombane ukulungelelanisa iindleko zabo ngokunyusa ixabiso lombane wegridi. Ukongeza, imfuno ephezulu eziswa yimiyalelo eyongeziweyo yezifo ezibulalayo zaphesheya azigcineki. Umthamo wemveliso owandisiweyo ngenxa yokulungiswa kwee-odolo ezongeziweyo e-China iya kuba yinto yokugqibela yokutyumza inani elikhulu le-SME kwixesha elizayo. Umthamo wemveliso kuphela osikelwe umda ukusuka kumthombo, ukuze amanye amashishini asezantsi angakwazi ukwanda ngokungaboni. Kwelinye icala, kungxamisekile ukufezekisa imfuneko yotshintsho lwemizi-mveliso. Ukuze kupheliswe amandla okuvelisa umva kwaye kuqhutywe uhlaziyo lwe-supply-side e-China, akukho mfuneko yokukhusela indalo kuphela ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yekhabhoni kabini, kodwa kunye nenjongo ebalulekileyo yokuguqulwa kwezoshishino. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China iqhubela phambili kule njongo, kodwa ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo, ngenxa yemeko yobhubhane, umsebenzi wokuvelisa iimveliso zamandla aphezulu e-China uye wanyanzeliswa phantsi kwemfuno ephezulu. Ngobhubhane, imboni yemveliso yehlabathi iyancipha, kwaye inani elikhulu lemiyalelo yokuvelisa ibuyele kwilizwe.Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kwishishini lemveliso yangoku kukuba amandla exabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo alawulwa yinkunzi yamazwe ngamazwe, eye yanyuka yonke indlela, ngelixa amandla exabiso leemveliso ezigqityiweyo ziye zawela kwingxabano yangaphakathi yokwandiswa kwamandla, ukukhuphisana nebarga. Ngalo mzuzu, ekuphela kwendlela kukunciphisa imveliso, kwaye ngohlaziyo lwecala lonikezelo, ukomeleza iwonga kunye namandla othethathethwano lweshishini lemveliso laseTshayina kumxokelelwane wemveliso wehlabathi. Ukongeza, ilizwe lethu liya kufuna umthamo ophezulu wemveliso ixesha elide kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ukonyuka kwexabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso zamashishini yeyona ndlela iphambili kwikamva. Okwangoku, amashishini amaninzi asekhaya kwiinkalo zemveli axhomekeke omnye komnye ukuthoba amaxabiso okuphila, nto leyo engathandekiyo kukhuphiswano lulonke lwelizwe lethu. Iiprojekthi ezintsha zitshintshwa ngumthamo wemveliso obuya ngasemva ngokomlinganiselo othile, kwaye ngokwembono yobugcisa, Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kumashishini emveli kakhulu, kufuneka sithembele kutshintsho olukhulu lobuchwepheshe kunye nokuguqulwa kwesixhobo. Ngexesha elifutshane, ukuze kugqitywe usukelo olumiselwe yinguqu yoshishino lwaseTshayina, iChina ayinako nje ukwandisa unikezelo lwamalahle, kwaye ukunqunyulwa kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa okunyiniweyo zezona ndlela ziphambili zokuphumeza isalathiso solawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kumashishini emveli. Ukongezelela, ukuthintelwa kweengozi zokunyuka kwamaxabiso akukwazi ukuhoywa. IMelika iprinte ngaphezulu kweedola ezininzi, ezi dollar aziyi kunyamalala, zifikile eTshayina. Izinto ezenziwe eTshayina, ezithengiswa eMelika, ngokutshintshiselana ngeedola. Kodwa ezi dollar azinakusetyenziswa eTshayina. Kufuneka zitshintshwe nge-RMB. Zingaphi iidola zamashishini aseTshayina azifumana eUnited States, iBhanki yaBantu yaseTshayina iya kutshintshiselana ngeRMB elinganayo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho i-RMB eninzi nangakumbi. Izikhukula e-United States, zigalelwa kwimakethi yokujikeleza yaseTshayina. Ukongeza, i-capital yamazwe ngamazwe iyaphambana malunga neemveliso, kwaye ubhedu, isinyithi, ingqolowa, i-oyile, iimbotyi, njl. Imali eshushu kakhulu kwicala lokubonelela inokuvuselela imveliso, kodwa imali eshushu kakhulu kwicala labathengi inokukhokelela ngokulula ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ke ngoko, ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ayisiyiyo kuphela imfuneko yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, emva kwayo ziinjongo ezilungileyo zelizwe! 3. Uvavanyo “loLawulo oluphindiweyo lokuSetyenziswa kwamandla”

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini, uvavanyo "lolawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla" kunye "nolawulo oluphezulu ezimbini" lube lukhuni, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kusebenza njengesiseko sovavanyo lomsebenzi weqela lobunkokeli bendawo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo obizwa ngokuba "ulawulo olubini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla" ubhekiselele kumgaqo-nkqubo ohambelanayo wolawulo olubini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nemali epheleleyo. Iiprojekthi "ezimbini eziphezulu" ziiprojekthi ezisetyenziselwa amandla aphezulu kunye nokukhutshwa okuphezulu. Ngokwemekobume yendalo, umda weprojekthi "yokuPhakamisa okuMbini" ngamalahle, i-petrochemical, ikhemikhali, intsimbi kunye nentsimbi, ukunyibilikiswa kwesinyithi esingenaferrous, izinto zokwakha kunye nezinye iindidi ezintandathu zeshishini.

Ngomhla we-12 ka-Agasti, i-Barometer yokuZaliswa kweeThagethi zoLawulo oluBini lokuSebenzisa amandla oMmandla kwiSiqingatha sokuQala se-2021 ekhutshwe yiKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kumaphondo asithoba (imimandla) eQinghai, i-Ningxia, i-Guangxi, i-Guangdong, i-Fujian, i-Xisunjia, i-Xisunjia, ayizange iqale iyancipha i-Yunna, i-Yunna, i-Xisunjia, kunye ne-Yunna. 2021, eyayidweliswe njengesilumkiso esibomvu sodidi lokuqala. Kumba wolawulo olupheleleyo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, amaphondo asibhozo (iingingqi) aquka iQinghai, iNingxia, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iFujian, iYunnan, iJiangsu neHubei zidweliswe njengesilumkiso senqanaba elibomvu. (Unxibelelwano oluyeleleneyo: amaphondo ali-9 athiywa amagama! IKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe: Lurhoxise uvavanyo kunye nokwamkelwa kweeprojekthi “ezimbini eziphezulu” kwizixeko nakwimimandla apho amandla okusetyenziswa kwamandla angehli kodwa ayenyuka.)

Kwezinye iindawo, kusekho iingxaki ezifana nokwandiswa okungaboniyo kweeprojekthi "eziPhakamileyo ezimbini" kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwamandla endaweni yokuwa. Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezikhombisi zokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Umzekelo, ngenxa yemeko yobhubhane ngo-2020, oorhulumente basekhaya babengxamile kwaye baphumelela iiprojekthi ezininzi ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, njengefayibha yeekhemikhali kunye neziko ledatha. Kwisiqingatha sesibini salo nyaka, iiprojekthi ezininzi ziye zaqaliswa ukusebenza, okubangele ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokupheleleyo.Amaphondo alithoba kunye nezixeko ngokwenene zinezalathisi zokulawula kabini, phantse zonke zixhonywe ngezibane ezibomvu. Kwikota yesine, ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezine ukusuka ekupheleni konyaka "uvavanyo olukhulu", imimandla ebizwa ngokuba nguMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi ithathe amanyathelo emva komnye ukuzama ukuphucula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokukhawuleza kwaye ugweme ukudlula umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla. I-Jiangsu, i-Guangdong, i-Zhejiang kunye namanye amaphondo eekhemikhali ezinkulu enze izibetho ezinzima.Amawakawaka amashishini athathe amanyathelo okumisa imveliso kunye nokuqhawula amandla, okuye kwabamba amashishini asekuhlaleni ngokumangalisa.

Impembelelo kumashishini emveli.

Okwangoku, ukunciphisa imveliso kuyeyona ndlela ichanekileyo nesebenzayo yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kumashishini amaninzi, utshintsho kwimeko yezoqoqosho kulo nyaka, ubhubhani ophindaphindayo waphesheya kweelwandle kunye neendlela ezintsonkothileyo zeempahla ezininzi zenze ukuba amashishini ahlukeneyo ajongane nobunzima obahlukeneyo, kwaye imveliso enyiniweyo eziswa kulawulo olubini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwakhona kubangele ukothuka. Kwishishini lepetrochemical, nangona kukho ukucuthwa kombane kwincopho yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iimeko "zokuvulwa kabini kunye nokumisa isihlanu", "ukunciphisa imveliso ngama-90%" kunye "nokumiswa kwemveliso ngamawakawaka wamashishini" azizange zibonwe ngaphambili. Ukuba umbane usetyenziswa ixesha elide, umthamo wokuvelisa ngokuqinisekileyo awuyi kuhambelana nemfuno, kwaye ii-odolo ziya kuncitshiswa kuphela, okwenza unikezelo kwicala lemfuno luqiniswe ngakumbi. Kwishishini lemichiza elinosetyenziso oluphezulu lwamandla, okwangoku, ixesha eliphakamileyo lemveli le "Golden September kunye neSilver 10" sele linqongophele, kwaye ulawulo oluphindwe kabini lokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu luya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni unikezelo lweekhemikhali ezinamandla amakhulu, kwaye amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza amalahle kunye negesi yendalo aya kuqhubeka nokunyuka. uxinzelelo lokunyuka kwexabiso kunye nokunqongophala, kwaye imeko ebuhlungu iya kuqhubeka!

Ulawulo lukarhulumente.

1. Ngaba kukho into "yokutenxa" ekunqunyulweni kwamandla amakhulu kunye nokunciphisa imveliso?

Iimpembelelo zokucuthwa kombane kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziya kuqhubeka zigqithiselwa kumakhonkco kunye nemimandla emininzi, kwaye ziya kunyanzela amashishini ukuba aqhubele phambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, nto leyo eluncedo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loqoqosho lohlaza lwaseTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokunciphisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa imveliso, ngaba kukho isenzeko sobukhulu obunye kunye nokuphambuka komsebenzi? Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abasebenzi base-Erdos No.1 Chemical Plant in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region bafuna uncedo kwi-Intanethi:Kutsha nje, i-Ordos Electric Power Bureau ihlala inengxaki yokucima kombane, namaxesha amaninzi ngemini. Ubukhulu becala, uyacima umbane izihlandlo ezisithoba ngosuku. Ukungaphumeleli kwamandla kubangela ukuba isithando somlilo se-calcium carbide siyeke, okuya kukhokelela ekuqaliseni rhoqo kunye nokuyeka i-lime kiln ngenxa yokungonelanga kwegesi, kunye nokwandisa iingozi ezinokuthi zikhuseleke ekusebenzeni kokutshisa. Ngenxa yokucima kwamandla okuphindaphindiweyo, ngamanye amaxesha i-oven calcium carbide inokusebenza kuphela ngesandla. Kwakukho i-calcium carbide furnace eneqondo lokushisa elingazinzanga.Xa i-calcium carbide itshise, i-robot yatshiswa. Ukuba ibinziwe ngumntu, imiphumo ibingayi kucingelwa. Kwishishini lemichiza, ukuba kukho ukuphuma kombane ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvalwa, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokhuseleko ekusebenzeni komthwalo ophantsi. Umntu ophethe i-Inner Mongolia Chlor-Alkali Association uthe: Kunzima ukumisa isithando somlilo se-calcium carbide kwaye uqalise imveliso emva kokuphuma kombane ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye kulula ukwenza iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko. Ukongeza, Inkqubo yokuvelisa iPVC ehambelana namashishini e-calcium carbide yeyomthwalo weKlasi I, kwaye ukuphuma kombane okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela iingozi zokuvuza kweklorini, kodwa yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neengozi zokhuseleko lomntu ezinokubangelwa ziingozi zokuvuza kweklorini azinakuvavanywa. Njengoko abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso yemichiza ekhankanywe ngasentla bathi, ukucinywa kombane rhoqo “akunakwenziwa ngaphandle komsebenzi, kwaye ukhuseleko aluqinisekiswanga”. Ukujongana nomjikelo omtsha ongenakuphepheka wezinto ezothusayo, i-gap yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nesiganeko esinokwenzeka "sokutenxa", urhulumente naye uthathe amanyathelo athile okuqinisekisa ukubonelela kunye nokuzinzisa amaxabiso. 2. IKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwezaMandla ngokudibeneyo baqhubela phambili ukulawulwa kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kwexabiso, kugxininise ekubekweni kweliso kwisiza, kugxininise ekuphunyezweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokunyusa imveliso yamalahle kunye nonikezelo kumaphondo afanelekileyo, imimandla ezimeleyo kunye namashishini. izivumelwano zexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide, ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yexabiso kwimveliso yamalahle, ukuthutha, ukurhweba kunye nokuthengisa, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwendlela yexabiso esekelwe kwimarike "yexabiso lokunyuka + lokunyuka" ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwamandla ngamalahle. Ngenxa yobunzima kunye neengxaki ezifunyenwe ngamashishini ekukhupheni amandla okuvelisa imveliso, umsebenzi wokongamela uya kungena nzulu kumashishini kunye namasebe afanelekileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kokulawulwa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla. iinkonzo”, ukunceda amashishini ukuba alungelelanise kwaye asombulule iingxaki ezibalaseleyo ezichaphazela ukukhutshwa komthamo wemveliso, kunye nokuzama ukunyusa ukunikezelwa kwamalahle kunye nokuqinisekisa imfuno yabantu yokuvelisa amalahle kunye nokuphila ngokuthatha amanyathelo afana nokusingatha iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ngokuhambelanayo. IKhomishini yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo: I-100% yamalahle okufudumeza kuMntla-mpuma weChina iya kuba phantsi kwexabiso eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide lekhontrakthi Kutshanje, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo iya kuququzelela amasebe okusebenza kwezoqoqosho kwiphondo, amashishini amakhulu okuvelisa amalahle kuMntla-mpuma weChina, imigodi yamalahle ngonikezelo oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla angundoqo kunye namashishini okufudumeza kwiNyakatho-mpuma yeChina, kunye nesivumelwano sokufudumeza ixesha elide kunye nexesha elide lokufudumeza. ukuze kwandiswe umlinganiselo wamalahle athathwe zizivumelwano zexesha eliphakathi nelide lokuvelisa amandla kunye namashishini okufudumeza ukuya kwi-100%.Ukongezelela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuphunyezwa koluhlu lwamanyathelo aqaliswe ngurhulumente ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla kunye nozinzo lwexabiso kunye nokuphumeza iziphumo, kutshanje, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlengahlengiso lweSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwezaMandla ngokudibeneyo luthumele iqela lokongamela kunye nokwandisa ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wokubonelela kunye nokwandisa imveliso yenyukliya. amandla emveliso ephucukileyo, kunye nokuphathwa kolwakhiwo lweprojekthi kunye neenkqubo zokugunyazisa.Kwakunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yexabiso kwimveliso yamalahle, ukuthutha, ukurhweba kunye nokuthengisa, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukunikezelwa kwamalahle kunye nokuqinisekisa imfuno yabantu yokuvelisa amalahle kunye nokuphila. 4. IKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe: Ukugcina undoqo wokhuseleko lwediphozithi yamalahle yeentsuku ezisi-7. Ndifunde kwiKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlengahlengiso lweSizwe ukuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe unikezelo lwamalahle kunye nokuzinza kwamaxabiso kunye nokuqinisekisa unikezelo olukhuselekileyo noluzinzileyo lwamandla amalahle namalahle, amasebe afanelekileyo afuna ukuphucula inkqubo yogcino lwamalahle yokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso yombane obaswa ngamalahle, ukunciphisa umgangatho wokugcinwa kwamalahle kwimizi-mveliso yombane ngexesha eliphakamileyo, kunye nokugcina umgca osezantsi wokhuseleko kwindawo yokugcina amalahle kangangeentsuku ezisi-7. Okwangoku, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwezaMandla baye bamisela iklasi ekhethekileyo yokukhusela kunye nokunikezelwa kwamalahle ombane, okuya kubandakanya amaziko ombane aphumeza inkqubo yokugcinwa kwamalahle ngexesha lexesha elingenasiphelo ukuya kwindawo yokukhusela engundoqo, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgca ophantsi weentsuku ezi-7 zokugcina amalahle akhuselekileyo kwizityalo zamandla zigcinwe ngokuqinileyo. indlela yokuqinisekisa unikezelo olungundoqo iya kuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amasebe afanelekileyo kunye namashishini angundoqo aya kunika ulungelelwaniso olungundoqo kunye nesiqinisekiso kumthombo wamalahle kunye nomthamo wothutho.

Isiphelo:

Le "nyikima" yokuvelisa kunzima ukuyiphepha. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iqamza lidlula, ukunyuka komsinga kuya kuphola ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye amaxabiso ezinto ezininzi zorhwebo nawo aya kuhla. Akunakuphepheka ukuba idatha yokuthumela ngaphandle iya kuwa (kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba idatha yokuthumela ngaphandle inyuka ngokukhawuleza). Kuphela iChina, ilizwe elinoqoqosho olungcono kakhulu, elinokwenza urhwebo oluhle. Ukungxama kwenza inkcitho, Lo ngumxholo weshishini lemveliso yelizwe. Ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla akuyona nje imfuneko yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kodwa kunye nenjongo enhle yelizwe ukukhusela imboni yokuvelisa. . .