Yintoni i-holmium element?

1. Ukufunyanwa kweHolmium Elements
Emva kokuba uMosander ehlukeneierbiumkwayeterbiumukusukaiyttriumngo 1842, iikhemisti ezininzi wasebenzisa uhlalutyo spectral ukuchonga kubo kwaye bazimisele ukuba babengengabo oxides esulungekileyo i element, nto leyo eyakhuthaza iikhemisti ukuba baqhubeke bezahlula. Emva kokuhlukanai-ytterbium oxidekwayeiscandium oxideukusuka kwiytterbium oxide, uCliff wahlulahlula iioksidi ezimbini ezintsha zezakhi ngowe-1879. Enye yazo yathiywa igama elithi holmium ukuze kukhunjulwe indawo awazalelwa kuyo uCliff, igama lesiLatini lamandulo laseStockholm, ikomkhulu laseSweden, iHolmia, nophawu lwesiqalelo uHo. Kamva, ngowe-1886, iBoisbodran yahlula enye into kwi-holmium, kodwa igama le-holmium lagcinwa. Ngokufunyanwa kweholmium nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, esinye isiqingatha senqanaba lesithathu lokufunyanwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba sagqitywa.

2. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-holmium
I-Holmium yintsimbi emhlophe esiliva, ethambileyo kunye ne-ductile; indawo yokunyibilika 1474°C, iqondo lokubila 2695°C, ingxinano 8.7947g/cm³. I-Holmium izinzile emoyeni owomileyo kwaye i-oxidizes ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo aphezulu;i-holmium oxideyeyona nto inamandla eyaziwayo yeparamagnetic. Iikhompawundi zeHolmium zinokusetyenziswa njengezongezo zemathiriyeli entsha ye-ferromagnetic;iodide yeholmiumisetyenziselwa ukwenza izibane ze-metal halide - izibane ze-holmium. Izinzile emoyeni owomileyo kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa kwaye i-oxidized ngokulula emoyeni omanzi kunye nokushisa okuphezulu. Kuphephe ukudibana nomoya, iioksidi, iiasidi, iihalogens, kunye namanzi afumileyo. Ikhupha iigesi ezinokutsha xa idibana namanzi; iyanyibilika kwiiasidi ezingaphiliyo. Izinzile emoyeni owomileyo kwiqondo lokushisa, kodwa i-oxidizes ngokukhawuleza emoyeni omanzi kwaye ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa. Ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Ibolisa amanzi ngokucothayo. Inokudibanisa phantse zonke izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Ikhona kwi-yttrium silicate, i-monazite kunye nezinye iiminerali ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-magnetic alloy materials.

3. Iimpawu zeMichiza ye-holmium
Izinzile emoyeni owomileyo kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye i-oxidized ngokulula emoyeni omanzi kunye nokushisa okuphezulu. Kuphephe ukudibana nomoya, iioksidi, iiasidi, iihalogens, namanzi afumileyo. Ikhupha iigesi ezinokutsha xa idibana namanzi; iyanyibilika kwiiasidi ezingaphiliyo. Izinzile emoyeni owomileyo kwiqondo lokushisa, kodwa i-oxidizes ngokukhawuleza emoyeni omanzi kwaye ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa. Ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Kancinci ukubola kwamanzi. Inokudibaniswa phantse zonke izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Ikhona kwi-yttrium silicate, i-monazite kunye nezinye iiminerali ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-magnetic alloy materials. Njenge-dysprosium, yintsimbi ekwazi ukufunxa i-neutron eveliswa yi-fission yenyukliya. Kwisixhobo senyukliya, sihlala sitshisa kwelinye icala kwaye silawula isantya setsheyini kwelinye. Inkcazo ye-Element: Inentsimbi ekhazimlayo. Inokusabela ngokucothayo ngamanzi kwaye inyibilike kwi-asidi edibeneyo. Ityuwa ityheli. Ioksidi iHo2O2 iluhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Iyanyibilika kwi-asidi yeminerali ukuvelisa ityuwa ye-ion etyheli. Umthombo we-Element: Yenziwa ngokunciphisaiholmium fluorideHoF3 · 2H2O kunye nekhalsiyam.
Iikhompawundi
(1)I-Holmium oxideimhlophe kwaye inezakhiwo ezibini: i-cubic egxile kumzimba kunye ne-monoclinic. I-Ho2O3 kuphela kwe-oxide ezinzileyo. Iimpawu zayo zeekhemikhali kunye neendlela zokulungiselela zifana nezo ze-lanthanum oxide. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izibane zeholmium.
(2)IHolmium nitrateIfomula yemolekyuli: Ho(NO3)3·5H2O; Ubunzima bemolekyuli: 441.02; Idla ngokuba yingozi kancinci kwimizila yamanzi. Musa ukuvumela umthamo ongaxutywanga okanye omkhulu wemveliso ukuba udibane namanzi aphantsi komhlaba, iindlela zamanzi okanye iinkqubo zogutyulo. Musa ukukhupha izinto kwindawo engqongileyo ngaphandle kwemvume karhulumente.

4.Indlela ye-Synthesis ye-holmium
1. Intsimbi yeHolmiuminokufumaneka ngokunciphisa i-anhydrousholmium trichloride or iholmium trifluoridenge-metallic calcium
2. Emva kokuba i-holmium ihlukaniswe kwezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngokutshintshiselana kwe-ion okanye iteknoloji ye-solvent extraction, i-holmium yensimbi inokulungiswa ngokunciphisa i-thermal yensimbi. I-lithium yokunciphisa i-thermal ye-chloride yomhlaba enqabileyo yahlukile kwi-calcium thermal yokunciphisa i-chloride yomhlaba enqabileyo. Inkqubo yokunciphisa yangaphambili iqhutyelwa kwisigaba segesi. I-lithium yokunciphisa i-thermal reactor ihlukaniswe kwiindawo ezimbini zokufudumeza, kwaye iinkqubo zokunciphisa kunye ne-distillation zenziwa kwisixhobo esifanayo. Ayinamanzii-holmium chlorideifakwe kwi-crucible ye-titanium reactor crucible (kunye negumbi le-HoCl3 le-distillation), kwaye i-agent yokunciphisa i-metallic lithium ifakwe kwi-crucible ephantsi. Emva koko itanki yokusabela yensimbi engenastainless ikhutshelwa kwi-7Pa kwaye emva koko ifudunyezwe. Xa iqondo lobushushu lifikelela kwi-1000℃, ligcinwa ixesha elithile ukuvumela iHoCl3umphunga kunye nomphunga we-lithium ukusabela ngokupheleleyo, kunye ne-metal holmium encitshisiweyo i-particle eqinile iwela kwi-crucible ephantsi. Emva kokuba impendulo yokunciphisa igqityiwe, kuphela i-crucible esezantsi kuphela eshushumbisa i-LiCl kwi-crucible ephezulu. Inkqubo yokusabela yokunciphisa ngokubanzi ithatha malunga ne-10h. Ukuze uvelise i-holmium ye-metallic ecocekileyo, i-agent yokunciphisa i-metallic lithium kufuneka ibe yi-99.97% ephezulu yokucoca i-lithium kunye ne-double distilled anhydrous HoCl3 kufuneka isetyenziswe.