Yintoni into eHolmium?

I-1. Ukufunyanwa kwezinto zeHolmium
Emva kwe-mosander yahlulwei-erbiumkwayeI-TerbiumukusukayttriumNgo-1842, uninzi lwamachiza amaninzi lwasebenzisa uhlalutyo lobuchule ukubazisa kwaye bamisela ukuba abazange babe zii-oxis ezimhlophe, ezikhuthaza amachiza ukuba aqhubeke ezahlulahlula. Emva kokwahlulaytterbium oxidekwayeI-Scandium OxideUkusuka e-Ytterbium oxide, i-Cliff yahlulahlula ii-oxidas ezimbini ezitsha ngo-1879. Omnye wabo wabizwa ngokuba yi-Holmium, igama lesiLatiyo laseSweden, eHolmia, kunye nesimboli ye-HOHE. Emva kwexesha, ngo-1886, iBoisbodran yahlula kwenye into evela eHolmium, kodwa igama le-Holmium laligciniwe. Ngokufunyanwa kwe-Holmium kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, esinye isiqingatha senqanaba lesithathu lokufumanisa izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kugqityiwe.

I-2. Iipropathi zomzimba zeHolmium
I-Holmium yintsimbi emhlophe, ethambile ne-ductile; Inqaku lokunyibilika i-1474 ° C, inqaku lokubila 2695 ° C, uxinzelelo 8.7947G / CM³. I-Holmium iyazinza ngomoya owomileyo kwaye i-oxidid ngokukhawuleza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu;I-Holmium Oxideyeyona nto inamandla yeParamagnetic eyaziwayo. I-Holmium Compountion inokusetyenziswa njengeongezelelo kwizinto ezintsha ze-ferroomagnetic;I-Holmium Idideisetyenziselwa ukwenza izibane zensimbi yensimbi - i-Holmium Lamp. Inokuzinza kumoya owomileyo kubushushu begumbi kwaye incinci i-oxids kwimozulu enomswakama kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kulumkele ukunxibelelana nomoya, ii-oxide, acid, ii-halogens, kunye namanzi anomswakama. Ikhupha iigesi ezinokutsha xa unxibelelana namanzi; Inyibilika kwi-Inorganic acid. Inokuzinza komoya owomileyo kubushushu begumbi, kodwa i-oxidid ngokukhawuleza kwimozulu enomswakama nangaphezulu kobushushu begumbi. Ineepropathi zekhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Iwola amanzi kancinci. Inokudibanisa phantse zonke izinto ezingezizo ezingesosinyithi. Ikhona eYttrium Silicate, monazite kunye nezinye izimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ze-magnetic.

I-3. Iipropathi zeekhemikhali zeHolmium
Inokuzinza komoya owomileyo kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ngokulula i-oxid yomoya kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kulumkele ukunxibelelana nomoya, ii-oxide, acids, ii-halogens, kunye namanzi anomswakama. Ikhupha iigesi ezinokutsha xa unxibelelana namanzi; inyibilika kwi-Inorganic acid. Inokuzinza komoya owomileyo kubushushu begumbi, kodwa i-oxidists ngokukhawuleza kwi-suby umoya kunye nobushushu begumbi ngaphezulu. Ineepropathi zekhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Iphosa kancinci amanzi. Ingadityaniswa phantse zonke izinto ezingezizo ezingezizo. Ikhona eYttrium Silicate, monazite kunye nezinye izimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ze-magnetic. Njengedysprosium, yintsimbi enokufumana i-neutrons eveliswe yi-nuclear scores. Kwi-nuclear ye-nuclear, iyaqhubeka ivutha kwisandla esinye kwaye ilawula isantya sesabelo sekhonkco kwelinye. Ingcaciso yezinto: Ine-metric luster. Inokusabela kancinci ngamanzi kwaye inyibilike kwi-dilute acid. Ityuwa ityheli. I-Oxide Ho22o2 kukukhanya okuluhlaza. Inyibilikisi kwi-Asidi yemibhiyore ukuba ivelise ityuwa ye-ion etyheli. Umthombo wezinto: yenziwa ngokunciphisaI-Holmium BuruorideIHof3 · 2h2o nge-calcium.
Imijikelezo
(1)I-Holmium OxideMhlophe kwaye unezakhiwo ezibini: ityhubhu emzimbeni kunye ne-monoclinic. I-HO2O3 kuphela kokuphela kokuxinana. Iipropathi zekhemikhali kunye neendlela zokulungiselela ziyafana nezo ze-lanthanum oxide. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-Holmium Lamp.
(2)I-Holmium i-nitrateIfomula yemolekyula: ho (no3) 38h2o; Ubunzima bemolekyuli: 441.02; Ihlala iyingozi kancinci kwimizimba yamanzi. Musa ukuvumela isixa esingafakwanga okanye esikhulu semveliso ukuba sinxibelelane namanzi aphantsi komhlaba, iindlela zamanzi okanye iinkqubo zokuntywila. Musa ukwenzela izinto ngendlela eyijikelezileyo ngaphandle kwemvume kurhulumente.

I-4.Synthesis yindlela yeHolmium
1. I-Holmium yentsimbiinokufumaneka ngokunciphisa i-adhydaralI-Holmium Trichloride or I-Holmium Trifluoridenge-calcium ye-metallic
I-2. Emva koko iHolmium yahlulwa kwezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo nge-ion yokutshintshiselana okanye itekhnoloji yokukhuthaza, i-Innoum yentsimbi inokulungiswa ngokuncitshiswa kwensimbi. Ukuncitshiswa kwe-Lithium ye-chloride yomhlaba onqabileyo kwahlukile kwi-calcium yokuncitshiswa komhlaba onqabileyo we-chloride. Inkqubo yokuncitshiswa kwangaphambili iqhutywa kwinqanaba legesi. I-I-Lithimu yokuncitshiswa kwe-Lithimu yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini okufudumeza, kwaye ukuncitshiswa kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa kunye nezahlulo zenziwa kwizixhobo ezifanayo. I-anhydrousI-Holmium hlorideibekwe kwi-titanium ephezulu ye-titanium ye-titaching (i-Hocl3 yeQabane lokuThintelwa), kwaye iarhente yokuncitshiswa kwe-metallic i-lithium ifakwe kwindawo enqabileyo. Emva koko itanki yentsimbi engenasipho ikhutshiwe kwi-7PA emva koko ifudumele. Xa iqondo lobushushu lifikelela kwi-1000 ℃, ligcinwa ixesha elithile lokuvumelaHocl3I-Vapor kunye ne-Lithium Vapor yokusabela ngokupheleleyo, kunye ne-Holmium encitshisiweyo ye-Holmium eqinileyo iwela kwi-SHRECY engaphantsi. Emva kokugqitywa kokuncitshiswa kuyagqitywa, kuphela i-carged engaphantsi ifudunyelelwa ukuba ikhuphe i-listl kwi-Opper engaphezulu. Inkqubo yokuphendula yokuphendula ithatha malunga ne-10h. Ukuze uvelise i-subric ye-challium, iarhente yokunciphisa i-istallic i-lithium i-99.97% icocekile i-lithium ephezulu ye-lithium kunye ne-hoct dcld ye-adhyd3 kufuneka isetyenziswe.