I-Barium yinto ye-alkaline yomhlaba yesinyithi, i-elementi yesithandathu ye-periodic yeqela le-IIA kwi-periodic table, kunye ne-elementi esebenzayo kwi-alkaline yomhlaba yesinyithi.
1, Ukuhanjiswa komxholo
I-Barium, njengezinye iintsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline, isasazwa kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni: umxholo kwi-crust ephezulu ngu-0.026%, ngelixa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo kwi-crust yi-0.022%. I-Barium ubukhulu becala ikhona ngendlela ye-barite, i-sulfate okanye i-carbonate.
Iiminerali eziphambili ze-barium kwindalo ziyi-barite (BaSO4) kunye ne-witherite (BaCO3). Iidiphozithi zeBarite zisasazwa ngokubanzi, kunye neediphozithi ezinkulu eHunan, eGuangxi, eShandong nakwezinye iindawo eChina.
2, Indawo yosetyenziso
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwamashishini
Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iityuwa ze-barium, ialloys, iziqhushumbisi, izixhobo zenyukliya, njl.
Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-alloys, ezifana nelothe, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-lithium, i-aluminium kunye ne-nickel.
Intsimbi yeBariuminokusetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokukhupha igesi yokususa umkhondo werhasi kwiityhubhu zevacuum kunye neetyhubhu zemifanekiso, kunye nearhente yokukhupha igesi yokucokisa isinyithi.
I-nitrate ye-barium exutywe ne-potassium chlorate, i-magnesium powder kunye ne-rosin ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhombu zesignali kunye nezixhobo zomlilo.
Iikhompawundi ze-barium ezinyibilikayo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezibulali-zinambuzane, ezifana ne-barium chloride, ukulawula iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ezitshabalalisayo.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukucokisa i-brine kunye namanzi ebhoyila kwimveliso ye-electrolytic caustic soda.
Ikwasetyenziselwa ukulungisa ii-pigments. Imizi-mveliso yelaphu nesikhumba isetyenziswa njenge-mordant kunye ne-rayon matting agent.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango
I-Barium sulfate lichiza elincedisayo kuvavanyo lwe-X-reyi. I-powder emhlophe engenawo iphunga kunye nephunga, enokubonelela ngokungafaniyo okulungileyo emzimbeni ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. I-barium sulfate yonyango ayixutywanga kwi-gastrointestinal tract kwaye ayinayo i-alergic reaction. Ayinayo i-soluble barium compounds efana ne-barium chloride, i-barium sulfide kunye ne-barium carbonate. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiradiography yesisu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye iinjongo.
3,Indlela yokulungiselela
Kwishishini, ukulungiswa kwesinyithi se-barium kwahlula ngamanyathelo amabini: ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide kunye nokunciphisa i-thermal yensimbi (ukunciphisa i-aluminothermic).
Kwi-1000 ~ 1200 ℃, ezi mpendulo zimbini zinokuvelisa kuphela inani elincinci le-barium. Ngoko ke, ipompo yokucoca kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuqhubekayo ukuhambisa umphunga we-barium ukusuka kwindawo yokusabela ukuya kwindawo yokudibanisa ukuze i-reaction iqhubeke iqhubeke ngakwesokudla. Intsalela emva kokusabela inetyhefu kwaye inokulahlwa kuphela emva konyango.
4,Amanyathelo okhuseleko
1. Iingozi zempilo
I-Barium ayiyona nto ibalulekileyo kubantu, kodwa yinto enobuthi. Ukutya i-soluble barium compounds kuya kubangela i-barium poisoning. Ukucinga ukuba ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bomntu omdala ngu-70kg, inani elipheleleyo le-barium emzimbeni wakhe malunga ne-16mg. Emva kokuthatha ityuwa ye-barium ngephutha, iya kuchithwa ngamanzi kunye ne-asidi yesisu, ekhokelele kwiziganeko ezininzi zetyhefu kunye nokufa okunye.
Iimpawu zetyhefu yetyuwa ebukhali ye-barium: ityhefu yetyuwa ye-barium ibonakala ngokucaphukisa esiswini kunye nesifo se-hypokalemia, njengesicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, urhudo, i-quadriplegia, ukubandakanyeka kwe-myocardial, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumla, njl njl. iimpawu zesisu, ezifana nokugabha, intlungu yesisu, urhudo, njl., kwaye zichaneka ngokulula njengetyhefu yokutya kwimeko yesifo esihlangeneyo, kunye ne-gastroenteritis ebukhali kwimeko yesifo esisodwa.
2. Ukuthintela ingozi
Ukuvuza unyango olungxamisekileyo
Yahlula indawo engcolisekileyo kwaye uthintele ukufikelela. Sika umthombo wokutshisa. Kucetyiswa ukuba abasebenzi bonyango olungxamisekileyo banxibe isigqubuthelo sothuli semaski kunye nempahla yokukhusela umlilo. Musa ukuqhagamshelana ngqo nokuvuza. Ukuvuza okuncinci: kunqande ukuphakamisa uthuli kwaye uluqokelele kwisitya esomileyo, esicocekileyo nesigqunyiweyo ngefosholo ecocekileyo. Ukudlulisa ukurisayikilisha. Ukuvuza okukhulu: gubungela ngelaphu leplastiki kunye neseyile ukunciphisa ukubhabha. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezingatshisiyo ukudlulisa kunye nokurisayikilisha.
3. Amanyathelo okukhusela
Ukukhuselwa kwenkqubo yokuphefumula: Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho khuseleko olukhethekileyo olufunekayo, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba unxibe i-self-priming filter mask mask phantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo.
Ukukhuselwa kwamehlo: nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko lwekhemikhali.
Ukhuseleko lomzimba: nxiba impahla ekhuselayo yeekhemikhali.
Ukukhuselwa kwesandla: nxiba iiglavu zerabha.
Abanye: Ukutshaya akuvumelekanga kwindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo. Nikela ingqalelo kucoceko lobuqu.
5, Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha
Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Zigcine kude nemithombo yokubasa kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Ukufuma okunxulumeneyo kugcinwa ngaphantsi kwe-75%. Iphakheji iya kutywinwa kwaye ayizukudibana nomoya. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants, acids, alkalis, njl., kwaye akufanele ixutywe. Izibane ezingaqhushumbayo kunye neendawo zokungenisa umoya ziya kwamkelwa. Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezilula ukuvelisa iintlantsi. Indawo yokugcina iya kuxhotyiswa ngezinto ezifanelekileyo zokuqulatha ukuvuza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-13-2023