Umhlaba onqabileyo usetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, kushishino, emkhosini nakwamanye amashishini, yinkxaso ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, kodwa nobudlelwane phakathi kophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokhuseleko oluphambili lwezixhobo eziphambili, ezaziwa ngokuba "ngumhlaba wabo bonke." I-China ngumvelisi omkhulu, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nomthengi wezimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwihlabathi, kunye nesikhundla esikhulayo sokubaluleka komhlaba onqabileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe, i-aerospace kunye nezicwangciso zokhuselo lwesizwe, umgangatho ophezulu woshishino lomhlaba onqabileyo uye waba ngumba omkhulu ngoku.
ulwakhiwo lophuhliso olunengqiqo, imveliso enocwangco, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zenzululwazi nezobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano yepateni entsha yoshishino lomhlaba olunqabileyo lukhokelo lwekamva lophuhliso. Ukusukela ngo-2019, ukuze komelezwe umgangatho wolwakhiwo lweemarike zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, uphuhliso lwaseTshayina lwemihlaba enqabileyo rhoqo.
Ngomhla we-4 kaJanuwari, ngo-2019, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye namanye amasebe ali-12 akhuphe iSaziso sokuQomelezwa ngokuqhubekayo kuShishino loMhlaba oluQhelekileyo, okokuqala ngqa ukusekwa kwendlela yokuhlola edibeneyo yamasebe amaninzi, kwaye uhlolo olukhethekileyo lwenziwa kanye ngonyaka ukubamba uxanduva lokwaphulwa kwemithetho nemimiselo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kwangeniswa ngokusesikweni ukulungiswa komhlaba okunqabileyo. Ngelo xesha, iSaziso kwakhona kwiimfuno zamaqela omhlaba anqabileyo kunye nemibutho yabalamli, indlela yokukhokela uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini kunye neminye imiba yokuphunyezwa okucacileyo ngakumbi, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo olusempilweni lweshishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo liya kudlala impembelelo enkulu.
Ngomhla wesi-4-5 kweyeSilimela ngowama-2019, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe yabamba iintlanganiso ezintathu kushishino lomhlaba onqabileyo. Le ntlanganiso ibizinyaswe ziingcaphephe kushishino, amashishini anqabileyo omhlaba kunye namasebe anobuchule emvelaphi, ebandakanya imiba ephambili efana nokukhuselwa kwemekobume yomhlaba enqabileyo, ikhonkco leshishini elinqabileyo lehlabathi elimnyama, umhlaba onqabileyo kunye nophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu. Kwintlanganiso, umkhulumeli weKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe uMeng Wei uthe iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe isebenza kunye namasebe afanelekileyo ukuqokelela iimbono kunye neengcebiso eziqokelelwe kwiingqungquthela ezintathu, kwaye ziya kuba ngesiseko sophando olunzulu kunye nomboniso wesayensi, kwaye sifunde ngokukhawuleza kwaye singenise amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo, Sifanele sinike umdlalo opheleleyo emhlabeni njengexabiso elikhethekileyo lezinto ezinqabileyo ze-raregic.
Abangaphakathi kwimizi-mveliso bakholelwa ukuba ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo liya kuba nokukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo ongaphezulu, ukuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekiswa kwesalathisi kunye nokugcinwa kwesicwangciso kunye noluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo luya kukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ukukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kobume bemizi-mveliso obunqabileyo bomhlaba obufanelekileyo, umgangatho ophezulu wenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwemithombo, ukuveliswa ngocwangco kunye nokusebenza kwepateni yophuhliso lweshishini, kunye nokudlala ngokufanelekileyo ixabiso elikhethekileyo lezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba njengeqhinga.
Ngomhla wama-20 kuSeptemba, 2019, iNgxelo yeSalathiso seMozulu yoShishino loMhlaba wowama-2019 (“iNgxelo”) yakhululwa ngokusesikweni, yalungiswa ngokudibeneyo yi-Arhente yoLwazi lwezoQoqosho lwase-China kunye ne-Baotou Rare Earth Products Exchange. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ka-2019, isalathiso semozulu yeshishini lomhlaba eTshayina sime kumanqaku angama-123.55, kuluhlu “lokunyuka”, yatsho ingxelo. Oko kunyuka ngeepesenti ezingama-22.22 ukusuka kwisalathiso sonyaka ophelileyo se-101.08. Ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo liye lahlala liphantsi kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala, liphinda libuyele ngokukhawuleza ukususela phakathi koMeyi, xa ixabiso lexabiso lenyuka ngeepesenti ze-20.09. Imigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo yaseTshayina kunye nokunyibilikiswa kweyona nto iphambili kwihlabathi, ngokwengxelo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ihlabathi livelise i-170,000 yeetoni zeminerali yomhlaba enqabileyo kwaye i-China yavelisa i-120,000 yeetoni, okanye i-71%. Ngenxa yokuba itekhnoloji yaseTshayina yokwahlula ukunyibilikisa iphambili emhlabeni kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, nokuba kukho ubutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo phesheya, umgodi womhlaba onqabileyo owembiwayo kuya kufuneka ukuba udlule kulungiso lwaseTshayina phambi kokucubungula nzulu.
Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-2.6 yezigidigidi ze-yuan kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala zika-2019 e-China, yehle nge-6.9 yeepesenti ukusuka kwi-2.79 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunyaka odlulileyo, ngokwedatha yorhwebo lwangaphandle evela kumasiko aseTshayina. Iiseti ezimbini zedatha zibonisa ukuba kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala kulo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kumazwe anqabileyo kwehle nge-7.9 yeepesenti, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehle nge-6.9 pesenti, oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso le-China yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni onqabileyo lithathwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe laseTshayina kumazwe angaphandle komhlaba onqabileyo kwehlile, kodwa ngokunyuka kwemfuno yemihlaba enqabileyo, isalathiso sonyaka se-China esinqabileyo solawulo lwemigodi yomhlaba sifikelele kulawulo lulonke lwemigodi emithandathu yesalathisi sokulawula umhlaba onqabileyo iitoni ezingama-132,000. Icala lokubonelela, ukubonelela ngobuninzi, abanye abathengisi banciphisa amaxabiso, imfuno, ii-odolo azikho kakuhle njengoko kulindelekile, ngoko ukuthengwa kwee-odolo akuninzi, inani elincinci lokuzaliswa ngokwemfuno, umthamo wangempela ungaphantsi. Ngenxa yeziseko zobonelelo kunye nemfuno, kulindeleke ukuba ukusebenza kwexesha elifutshane kuya kuhlala kubuthathaka kwaye kuzinzile.
Umothuko wexabiso lemarike yomhlaba onqabileyo uhleli ngokunxulumene nabahloli bokhuselo lokusingqongileyo kwilizwe lonke, imveliso yomhlaba enqabileyo ineempawu ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi ezinye iimveliso zineengozi zemitha zenza ulongamelo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luqiniswe. Amashishini esinyithi kunye namashishini ombane wemagnethi athenga buthathaka, edityaniswa namaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo angaphantsi kunexesha elidlulileyo, imeko yokulinda-nokubona yomelele, phantsi kokhuseleko olungqongqo lokusingqongileyo, inani lamaphondo amashishini anqabileyo okwahlula umhlaba aye anqunyanyiswa, okukhokelela kumhlaba onqabileyo we-oxidemarket ngokubanzi, ngakumbi ezinye iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwexabiso lomhlaba kunqabile, kunqabile.
Medium ubunzima ezinqabileyo iinkalo zomhlaba, ukuvulwa komda China-Myanmar, emva kokuba imarike akuqinisekanga, unikezelo lwasekhaya iyanda, ukuze abarhwebi umlambo ingqondo engazinzanga, abarhwebi ezantsi ngobuchule ukuthenga iimpahla, ukuhla intengiselwano iyonke. Iimveliso eziphambili ze-oxide ikakhulu ziwa, imfuno ephantsi yomlambo incinci, kunzima ukwenza inkxaso yexabiso;
Ukukhanya komhlaba onqabileyo, amaxabiso e-radon oxide aqala aphantsi kwaye emva koko azinzile, ezantsi kuphela amashishini athile ngokwemfuno yokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuthengiselana okwenyani akuninzi, ixabiso lentengiselwano liyaqhubeka nokuhla. Noko ke, ngamashishini ukwahlula Sichuan ukuba ayeke imveliso, amashishini eziphathekayo magnetic sigaba replenishment kunye nezinye izinto, abarhwebi ezantsi bacinga ukuba imarike emva oxidizing radon ukuhla isithuba silinganiselwe, waqala ukuzalisa uluhlu, imarike unikezelo ngexabiso eliphantsi kuncitshisiwe, kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe intengiselwano elizayo.
Umkhwa wamaxabiso entengiso yomhlaba onqabileyo wasekhaya ngo-2019 ubonisa "i-polarization", kunye nokudityaniswa kwelizwe kwishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo liya lisiba ngakumbi nangakumbi, ishishini lifumana intlungu, kodwa ngokunyuka komthamo wemigodi yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza, uphuhliso lweshishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo kulindeleke ukuba liphucule, ixabiso lentengiso yomhlaba elinqabileyo liya kuphucula, ixabiso elinqabileyo le-202. Imarike yomhlaba enqabileyo nayo iyakuchatshazelwa lixabiso lamaqondo ahlukeneyo aphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-04-2022