Erbium, inombolo ye-athomu ye-68, ifumaneka kumjikelo we-6 wetheyibhile ye-chemical periodic, i-lanthanide (iqela le-IIIB) inombolo ye-11, ubunzima be-athomu 167.26, kunye negama le-element livela kwindawo yokufumanisa umhlaba we-yttrium.
Erbiuminomxholo we-0.000247% kwi-crust kwaye ifumaneka kuninziumhlaba onqabileyoiiminerali. Ikhona kumatye e-igneous kwaye inokufunyanwa nge-electrolysis kunye nokunyibilika kwe-ErCl3. Ihlala kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo eziphakamileyo kwi-yttrium phosphate kunye nomnyamaumhlaba onqabileyoiidipozithi zegolide.
Ionicumhlaba onqabileyoizimbiwa: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, njl e China. I-Phosphorus yttrium ore: iMalaysia, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iChina. I-Monazite: Iindawo eziselunxwemeni lwase-Australia, iindawo zaselunxwemeni zaseIndiya, iGuangdong, iChina, kunye nemimandla yonxweme yaseTaiwan.
Ukufumana iMbali
Yafunyanwa ngo-1843
Inkqubo yokufumanisa: Ifunyanwe ngu-CG Mosander ngo-1843. Ekuqaleni wayibiza ngokuba yi-oxide ye-erbium terbium oxide, ngoko ke kwiincwadi zokuqala,i-terbium oxidekwayei-erbium oxidezaxutywa. Kwada kwasemva kowe-1860 ukuba kwafuneka ukulungiswa.
Ngexesha elifanayo lokufunyanwa kwelanthanum, U-Mossander wahlalutya kwaye wafunda i-yttrium ekuqaleni, kwaye wapapasha ingxelo kwi-1842, ecacisa ukuba umhlaba we-yttrium ekuqaleni wawungeyona i-oxide ye-elemental enye, kodwa i-oxide yezinto ezintathu. Wathi ke omnye wabo ngumhlaba, wathi omnye wabo nguErbia.ierbiumumhlaba). Isimboli yesiqalelo sichongwe njengo-Er. Ukufunyanwa kwe-erbium kunye nezinye izinto ezimbini,lanthanumkwayeterbium, wavula umnyango wesibini ekubhaqweni kweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto, eziphawula inqanaba lesibini lokufunyanwa kwazo. Ukufunyanwa kwabo kwaba kukufunyanwa kwesithathuumhlaba onqabileyoiziqalelo emva kweziqalelo ezibinii-ceriumkwayeiyttrium.
Ubume be-electron
Uyilo lombane:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Amandla e-ionization yokuqala yi-volts ye-electron ye-6.10. Iimpawu zekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba ziphantse zifane nezo ze-holmium kunye ne-dysprosium.
I-isotopi ze-erbium ziquka: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Isinyithi
Erbiumyintsimbi emhlophe esiliva, ethambileyo ngokwendalo, ayinyibiliki emanzini kwaye inyibilika kwiiasidi. Iityuwa kunye neeoksidi zipinki ukuya kobomvu ngombala. Indawo yokunyibilika ngu-1529 ° C, iqondo lokubila yi-2863 ° C, ukuxinana 9.006 g/cm ³.
Erbiumi-antiferromagnetic kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, i-ferromagnetic enamandla kufutshane ne-absolute zero, kwaye iyi-superconductor.
Erbiumifakwa ioksijini kancinane ngumoya namanzi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kumbala obomvu we rose.
Isicelo:
I-oxide yayoEr2O3ngumbala obomvu werozi osetyenziselwa ukwenza udongwe olumenyezelayo.I-Erbium oxideisetyenziswa kwishishini leceramic ukuvelisa i-pink enamel.
ErbiumIkwanazo ezinye izicelo kushishino lwenyukliya kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yealloyi yezinye iintsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-dopingierbiumkwi-vanadium inokuphucula i-ductility yayo.
Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa okubalaseleyoierbiumikwimveliso yeierbiumi-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). I-bait doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) yaphuhliswa okokuqala yiYunivesithi yaseSouthampton ngo-1985. Yenye yezona zinto ziqanjiweyo kunxibelelwano lwefayibha optic kwaye kunokuthiwa "isikhululo segesi" yolwazi lomgama omde lwanamhlanje.Erbiumifayibha ene-doped ngundoqo weamplifier ngokudopa inani elincinci le-ion element ye-erbium ion yomhlaba (Er3+) kwi-quartz fiber. I-Doping amashumi ukuya kumakhulu e-ppm ye-erbium kwimicu ye-optical inokuhlawula ilahleko zamehlo kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano.Erbiumi-doped fiber amplifiers zifana "nesikhululo sokumpompa" sokukhanya, esivumela imiqondiso yamehlo ukuba idluliselwe ngaphandle kokuthotywa ukusuka kwisikhululo ukuya kwisikhululo, ngaloo ndlela ivula ngokutyibilikayo umjelo wetekhnoloji kumgama omde wale mihla, amandla aphezulu, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sonxibelelwano lwefiber optic. .
Enye indawo yesicelo yeierbiumyilaser, ngakumbi njengesixhobo selaser yonyango.ErbiumI-laser yi-laser ye-solid-state pulse ene-wavelength ye-2940nm, enokuthi ifunnwe ngamandla ziimolekyuli zamanzi kwizicubu zomntu, ukufezekisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo ngamandla amancinci. Iyakwazi ukusika ngokuchanekileyo, ukucola, kunye nokukhupha izihlunu ezithambileyo. I-laser ye-Erbium YAG ikwasetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwecataract.ErbiumIzixhobo zonyango lwelaser zivula iindawo ezikhulayo zesicelo sotyando lwelaser.
Erbiuminokusetyenziswa njenge-ion esebenzayo kwizinto ezinqabileyo zelaser yokuguqula umhlaba.Erbiumizixhobo zokuguqula i-laser zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ikristale enye (i-fluoride, ityuwa eneoksijini) kunye neglasi (ifayibha), njenge-erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) iikristale kunye ne-Er3+doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- I-LaF3-AlF3-NaF) iifiber zeglasi, eziye zasebenza ngoku. I-BaYF5: Yb3 +, Er3 + inokuguqula ukukhanya kwe-infrared kube kukukhanya okubonakalayo, kwaye le nto i-multiphoton upconversion luminescent imathiriyeli isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwizixhobo zombono ebusuku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-25-2023