Umhlaba onqabileyo, impumelelo enkulu!

Impumelelo enkulu kumhlaba onqabileyo.
Ngokweendaba zamva nje, i-China Geological Survey phantsi koMphathiswa weMithombo yeNdalo yase-China ifumene umgodi womhlaba onqabileyo we-ion-adsorption kwindawo yaseHonghe kwiPhondo laseYunnan, enezixhobo ezinokubakho zeetoni ezizigidi ezisisi-1.15. Le yenye impumelelo enkulu kwi-ion-adsorption ye-ion-adsorption enqabileyo yomhlaba ukususela ekufumaneni kokuqala kwe-ion-adsorption.umhlaba onqabileyoimigodi e-Jiangxi ngo-1969, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe yeyona idipozithi inkulu e-China nenzima enqabileyo yomhlaba.

Phakathi kunye nobunzimaimihlaba enqabileyozixabiseke ngaphezu komhlaba onqabileyo wokukhanya ngenxa yexabiso lawo eliphezulu kunye noovimba abancinci. Zizimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ngokweqhinga ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Zizinto ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo zezithuthi zombane, amandla amatsha, ukhuseleko lwelizwe lokhuselo, njl., kwaye ziziintsimbi eziphambili kuphuhliso lwamashishini aphezulu.
Uhlalutyo lweziko lukholelwa ukuba kwicala lemfuno, icala lemfuno yekhonkco leshishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo lilindeleke ukuba lithathelwe phantsi kwee-catalysts ezininzi zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, amandla omoya, izixhobo zasekhaya, iirobhothi zemizi-mveliso, njl.njl.amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo, unikezelo kunye nepateni yemfuno iyaqhubeka nokuphucula, kunye neumhlaba onqabileyo iUshishino lunokulindeleka ukuba luqale unyaka omkhulu wokukhula ngo-2025.

Ukuphumelela okukhulu

NgoJanuwari 17, ngokutsho kwePhepha, iChina Geological Survey yeSebe lezeNdalo yaseTshayina yafunda ukuba isebe lifumene umgodi womhlaba onqabileyo we-ion-adsorption kwindawo yaseHonghe kwiPhondo laseYunnan, enezixhobo ezinokubakho kwi-1.15 yezigidi zeetoni.
Isixa esipheleleyo sezinto ezingundoqo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezifanaipraseodymium, neodymium, idysprosium, kwayeterbiumisityebi kwidiphozithi idlula iitoni ezingama-470,000.
Le yenye impumelelo enkulu kwi-ion-adsorption ye-ion-adsorption enqabileyo yomhlaba yokujonga umhlaba emva kokufunyanwa kokuqala kwemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-ion-adsorption eJiangxi ngo-1969, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe yeyona idipozithi enkulu yaseTshayina ephakathi kunye nenzima enqabileyo yomhlaba.
Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba oku kufunyanisiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekudibaniseni iingenelo zobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo baseTshayina kunye nokuphucula ikhonkco leshishini lomhlaba onqabileyo, kwaye kuya kudibanisa ngakumbi iingenelo zeqhinga laseTshayina kwintsimi ephakathi kunye nobunzima.umhlaba onqabileyoizixhobo.
Imigodi yomhlaba ye-ion-adsorption enqabileyo efunyenwe ngeli xesha ubukhulu becala yimigodi yomhlaba ephakathi kunye nobunzima obunqabileyo. I-China inobutyebi bokukhanya obunqabileyo bomhlaba, ikakhulu isasazwe e-Baiyunebo, e-Inner Mongolia nase-Yaoniuping, eSichuan, njl. Zizinto ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo zezithuthi zombane, amandla amatsha, ukhuseleko lwelizwe lokhuselo, njl., kwaye ziziintsimbi eziphambili kuphuhliso lwamashishini aphezulu.
I-China Geological Survey idibanise uphando lwejoloji kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 yomsebenzi, iye yaseka inethiwekhi yesizwe yokulinganisa i-geochemical, yafumana idatha enkulu ye-geochemical, kwaye yenza impumelelo ebalulekileyo ekukhangeleni ithiyori kunye netekhnoloji yokuhlola, igcwalisa umsantsa kwitekhnoloji yokuhlola i-geochemical for ion adsorption.umhlaba onqabileyoimigodi, yaze yaseka inkqubo yetekhnoloji yokuphonononga ekhawulezayo, echanekileyo neluhlaza, enentsingiselo enkulu yereferensi kwezinye iindawo zaseTshayina ezityebileyo zomhlaba eziphakathi kunye nezinzima ukuphumeza impumelelo ekhawulezileyo ekukhangeleni.

Ukubaluleka kweqhinga lomhlaba onqabileyo ophakathi kunye nobunzima

Imihlaba enqabileyo ibhekisa kwigama eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezinjelanthanum, i-cerium, ipraseodymium, neodymiumIpromethium,samarium, ubuchopho, gadolinium, terbium, idysprosium, iholmium, ierbium, thulium, ytterbium, ilutetium, scandium, kwayeiyttrium.
Ngokwesakhiwo se-electron ye-athom kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kunye ne-symbiosis yazo kwiiminerali kunye neempawu zeempawu ezahlukeneyo eziveliswa yi-ion radii, ishumi elinesixhenxe lezinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ukukhanya okunqabileyo komhlaba kunye nokuphakathi kunyeimihlaba enzima enqabileyo. Umhlaba ophakathi kunye nobunzima obunqabileyo buxabiseke ngaphezu komhlaba onqabileyo okhanyayo ngenxa yexabiso lawo eliphezulu kunye noovimba abancinci.
Phakathi kwazo, umhlaba onzima onqabileyo zimithombo yezimbiwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokwesicwangciso, kodwa uhlobo lweminerali yomhlaba onqabileyo onqabileyo lulodwa, ubukhulu becala uhlobo lwe-ion adsorption, kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yayo yemigodi (in situ leaching) zivelele, ke ngoko ukufumana iintlobo ezintsha zobunzima.umhlaba onqabileyoiidiphozithi luhlolo lwenzululwazi ebalulekileyo.
Ilizwe lam lilizwe elinowona vimba womhlaba unqabileyo kwihlabathi kunye nelizwe elinowona mthamo uphakamileyo wemigodi yomhlaba onqabileyo emhlabeni. Ngokwengxelo ye-United States Geological Survey (USGS), yaseTshayinaumhlaba onqabileyoimveliso ngo-2023 iya kufikelela 240.000 iitoni, ibalwa malunga nesibini kwisithathu sehlabathi lilonke, kunye noovimba bayo baya kufikelela 44 million toni, ebali 40% yehlabathi lilonke. Le ngxelo ikwabonisa ukuba i-China ivelisa i-98% ye-gallium yehlabathi kunye ne-60% ye-germanium yehlabathi; ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2022, i-63% ye-antimony ore kunye neeoksidi zayo ezingeniswe yi-United States zivela e-China.
Phakathi kwazo, imathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina yeyona ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ithembisa intsimi yesicelo esezantsi yomhlaba onqabileyo. Eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisixhobo semagnethi esisigxina se-neodymium iron boron esisigxina, eneempawu ezibalaseleyo ezinjengobunzima bokukhanya, ubungakanani obuncinci, imveliso yamandla kamagnethi ephezulu, iipropathi ezilungileyo zoomatshini, ukusetyenzwa okufanelekileyo, isivuno esikhulu, kwaye inokufakwa umazibuthe emva kokuhlangana. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-neodymium iron boron imathiriyeli yemagnethi esisigxina isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiiinjini zomoya, ii-air conditioners eziguquguqukayo ezonga amandla, iilifti ezonga amandla, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, iirobhothi zamashishini, njl.
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo, kwicala lemfuno, icala lemfuno yeumhlaba onqabileyoUmxokelelwane woshishino kulindeleke ukuba uqhubele phambili phantsi kohlaziyo oluninzi olunje ngeemoto zamandla amatsha, amandla omoya, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye neerobhothi zamashishini.
Ngokukodwa, ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kwentengiso yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokungena, imfuno yeemoto zokuqhuba ezimelwe ziimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, enye yezinto eziphambili zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, iya kunyuswa, ngaloo ndlela iqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Iirobhothi ze-Humanoid ziye zaba yindlela entsha yophuhliso, ekulindeleke ukuba ivule ngakumbi indawo yokukhula kwexesha elide kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina zemagnethi. Ukongeza, ukongeza kukukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye neerobhothi zamashishini, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno kumzi mveliso wamandla omoya iya kubona ukuphucuka komda ngo-2025.

Indlela yokujonga imbonakalo yemarike

Uhlalutyo lweziko lukholelwa ukuba ngokuphuma phantsiamaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyokunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo konikezelo kunye nepateni yemfuno, ishishini lomhlaba elinqabileyo linokulindeleka ukuba liqalise unyaka omkhulu wokukhula ngo-2025.
IGuotai Junan Securities ibonise ukuba njengoko izikhombisi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zasekhaya zitshintsha ukusuka kumjikelo oqinileyo wokukhutshwa konikezelo ukuya kwipateni yoxinzelelo lonikezelo, kunye nokwanda okukhulu kwezicwangciso zaphesheya kolwandle kodwa ukukhula okucothayo okuyinyani, ukusebenza kwemiqobo yecala lonikezelo sele iqalile ukubonakala. Imfuno yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye namandla omoya iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye imfuno yokuhlaziywa kwezixhobo zeemoto zemizi-mveliso iye yaphakamisa ngokufanelekileyo ijika lemfuno ukusuka kwi-2025 ukuya kwi-2026, enokuthi ithathele kumandla amatsha kwaye ibe ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokukhula kwemfuno yomhlaba onqabileyo; kudityaniswa nokwandiswa kwemeko yokusetyenziswa kweerobhothi, u-2025 unokuphinda angenise unyaka omkhulu wokukhula kwemathiriyeli yemagnethi yomhlaba enqabileyo.
UGuojin Securities uthe ukusukela ngo-2024, amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo afumene ukwehla. Phantsi kwemvelaphi yokomelezwa okulindelweyo kokubonelela kunye nokuphuculwa kwemfuno kunye ne-catalysis yomgaqo-nkqubo "we-quasi-supply reform", amaxabiso eemveliso anyuke phantse ngama-20% ukusuka ezantsi, kwaye iziko lexabiso lomxhuzulane liye lanyuka ngokuthe ngcembe; imimiselo yolawulo lomhlaba enqabileyo iye yaphunyezwa ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1, 2024 ukucinezela unikezelo, kwaye ii-odolo zexesha eliphakamileyo kwikota yesine ziyazaliseka ngokuthe ngcembe. Idityaniswe nemeko enyukayo yeendleko zeshishini kunye nokuphazamiseka kokubonelelwa rhoqo,amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyoukuqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye iingqikelelo zeengcamango ezinxulumeneyo ziya kuzisa amathuba okuphuma phantsi kunye nokuhlaziywa kwexabiso phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo "we-quasi-supply reform".
Kutshanje, i-Baosteel Co., Ltd., isigebenga somhlaba esinqabileyo, sikhuphe isibhengezo esichaza ukuba ngokwefomula yokubala kunye nexabiso lemarike yentengiso.iioksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyokwikota yesine ka-2024, inkampani iceba ukulungelelanisa ixabiso lentengiselwano ehambelanayo yomhlaba onqabileyo ugxininise kwikota yokuqala ye-2025 ukuya kwi-18,618 yuan / ton (ubunzima obomileyo, REO = 50%) ngaphandle kwerhafu, kwaye ixabiso elingabandakanyi irhafu liya kunyuka okanye linciphise nge-372.36 ye-yuan nganye ye-1O / toni nganye. Xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lentengiselwano ye-concentrate yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-17,782 yuan/toni kwikota yesine ka-2024, inyuke nge-836 yuan/toni, ukunyuka kwenyanga nge-4.7%.
Emva kokuba i-Northern Rare Earth Plan irhoxisiwe ixabiso loluhlu, uhlengahlengiso lwekota yexabiso layo lekota elinqabileyo lentengiselwano enxulumene nomhlaba kunye ne-Baosteel yaba yimozulu yoshishino. I-Ding Shitao ye-Guolian Securities iqikelela ukuba unikezelo kunye nephethini yemfuno kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokuphucula ukusuka kwi-2025 ukuya kwi-2026, kwaye inethemba malunga nokuqinisekiswa kwezantsi kwe-boom yomhlaba enqabileyo ngo-2024, kwaye umhlaba onqabileyo ulindeleke ukuba uhlaziye umjikelo omtsha ngo-2025.
I-CITIC Securities ikholelwa ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo kulindeleke ukuba uqalise ukuphindaphinda okuthile kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2025, kwaye amasimi asakhulayo afana ne-AI kunye neerobhothi kulindeleke ukuba ahlale esebenza.