Ukulungiswa kweentsimbi zomhlaba onqabileyo

Ukulungiswa kweentsimbi zomhlaba onqabileyo

Ukuveliswa kweentsimbi zomhlaba onqabileyo kubizwa ngokuba yimveliso yePyrometallgall yomhlaba onqabileyo.I-Rure SourtalsYahlulahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa kwentsimbi yomhlaba exutywe kunye neentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ukuqulunqwa kweentsimbi zomhlaba ezixineneyo kulingana nomhlaba wokuqala onqabileyo kwi-ore, kwaye isinyithi esinye sisinyithi esahlukileyo kwaye sihlaziyelwe umhlaba onqabileyo. Kunzima ukunciphisa i-oxide ye-ox ox (ngaphandle kwee-oxis zeSamariyo, e-Europium, eYttelium, ngenxa yentsimbi enye esebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu bendlela yokwenziwa kwayo kunye nokuzinza kwawo okuphezulu. Ke ngoko, izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngokufanayo zokuveliswa kweentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ze-chloride zazo kunye ne-fluorides.

(1) Indlela ye-Eclict Ectrolysis

Ukuveliswa kwesininzi kweentsimbi zomhlaba ezixineneyo kumzi mveliso ngokubanzi usebenzisa indlela ye-molle encrolysis. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukufudumeza kwaye inyibilikisa imihlaba enqabileyo yomhlaba enjengomhlaba onqabileyo, kwaye emva koko i-elektrolysis kwi-Forests enqabileyo. Zimbini iindlela ze-electrolysis: i-chloride encrolysis kunye ne-oxide electrolysis. Indlela yokulungiselela yentsimbi enye enqabileyo yomhlaba iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinto ethile. ISamarium, i-Europium, eYtterjium, kunye ne-Tulium ayifanelekanga ukubalungiselela i-electrolytic ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-vapor, kwaye endaweni yoko zilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa. Ezinye izinto zinokulungiswa yi-electrolylis okanye indlela yokuncitshiswa kwensimbi.

I-chloride electrolysis yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuvelisa izinyithi, ngakumbi kwiintsimbi zomhlaba ezixubileyo. Inkqubo ilula, ineendleko, kwaye ifuna utyalomali oluncinci. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-chlorine, engcolisa indalo esingqongileyo.

I-oxide electrolysis ayikhuphi iigesi eziyingozi, kodwa iindleko ziphezulu kancinci. Ngokubanzi, umhlaba onqabileyo onqabileyo onjenge-nehediyoum kunye ne-raseodziyoium baveliswa besebenzisa i-onctrolysis.

(2) Indlela yokuncitshiswa kwe-vacuum

Indlela ye-electrolysis ingalungiselela kuphela iBakala liphela lezaBakala elinqabileyo. Ukulungiselela i-metris enezinto ezingcolileyo kunye nokucoceka okuphezulu, indlela yokuncitshiswa kwe-vacuum isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokubanzi, umhlaba onqabileyo we-oxide onqabileyo wenziwa kuqala kwi-fluoride ye-fluoride, encitshiswa nge-calcium ye-itallic kwiziko le-vacuum yokufumana izinyithi ze-vacum. Emva koko, bakhunjulwa kwaye banomdla wokufumana iintsimbi ezicocekileyo. Le ndlela inokuvelisa zonke izinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kodwa iSamarium, i-europium, yttergium, kunye ne-thulium azinakusetyenziswa.

Ukuncitshiswa kwe-oxidationISamarium, i-Europium, Ytterbium, Thuliumkwaye i-calcium inciphise kuphela i-fluoride ye-fluoride. Ngokubanzi, ezi zinyithi zilungiselelwe ngokusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo oPhakathi oPhezulu lwezinyithi kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi lwe-vapor ye-lanthanuum, ukuxubana kunye nokucutha ii-oxis ze-lanthahum, kwaye zinciphise kwiziko le-vacuum. I-lanthanumisebenza.I-Samarium, i-Eurpium, Ytterbium, kunye neThuliumzincitshisiwe nge-lanthanum negolide kwaye ziqokelelwe kwi-condenser, ekulula ukwahlulahlula kwi-Slag.

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