1, Intshayelelo Esisiseko
Igama lesiTshayina:Ibanga, Igama lesiNgesi:Ibanga, uphawu lwezintoBa, inombolo yeatomic 56 kwitafile ye-Alkaline ye-Alkaline ye-Alkaline ye-Alkaline yentsimbi ene-781 g / i-° le ° i-770 ° 2), kunye nendawo yokubila ye-770 ° 2) I-Barium yintsimbi ye-alkali ene-alkali ene-swilt luster, ngombala wedangatye oluhlaza, oluthambileyo, kunye ne-ductile.Ibangaineepropathi zeekhemikhali ezisebenzayo kwaye zinokuphendula ngezezithamo.Ibangaayikaze ifumaneke njengento enye kwindalo.IbangaI-salts inetyhefu ngaphandle kweibangai-sulfate. Ukwengeza,I-Metium Bariumunokuphumelela okuqinileyo kwaye kungancipha ii-oxis zengqondo ezininzi, ii-haldes, kunye ne-sullfides ukufumana iinyithi ezihambelana nayo. Umxholo weibangaKwi-crust yi-0.05%, kwaye eyona minerals eqhelekileyo kwindalo i-barite (ibangai-sulfate) kunye ne-wibhite (ibangaI-carbonate). I-Barium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimihlaba efana ne-elektroniki, i-ceramics, amayeza, kunye nepetroleum.
2, Ukufunyanwa kweIbangakunye nenqanaba lophuhliso lwe-ChinaIbangaIshishini
1. Imbali emfutshane yokufunyanwa kweibanga
I-Alkaline Sour Heral inyibilikisi ye-Inffider I-Phosphorescence, intsingiselo yokuba bayaqhubeka nokukukhanya emnyameni kangangexesha elithile emva kokuba kubonwe. Yinto ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yolu phawuibangaIikhomputha sele ziqalile ukufumana ingqalelo.
Ngo-1602, vibangaI-Sulfate ikhuphe ukukhanya ebumnyameni emva kokuyigubungela ngezinto ezinokutsha. Le phengnomenon ivusele umdla weengcali zeYurophu. Ngo-1774, uSweden waseSweden Cw Schele wafumanisa into entsha e-Bari, kodwa akazange akwazi ukwahlula, yiyo kuphela i-ososimey yelo. Ngo-1776, uJohan Toplieb Gahn wayeyedwa le phaide kwisifundo esifanayo. I-Baryta ekuqaleni yayibhekiswa kwi-barote nguGuyton De Morveau, kwaye kamva yabizwa ngokuba yi-baryta (umhlaba onzima) ngu-Atoine Livoide. Ngo-1808, iBritish Chedrist dappy Davy isebenzise i-methode, iplatinam njenge-anode, kunye ne-baritrolyzed barite (baso4) ukuvelisaibangai-amalgam. Emva kokuhlukanisa ukususa i-mercury, isinyithi esicocekileyo esisezantsi safunyanwa kwaye sabizwaibanga.
Izicelo zemveliso nazo zinembali engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka
Kwangoko i-19 yenkulungwane ye-19, abantu baqalisa ukusebenzisa i-barrie (izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ekuveliseniibangakwayeibangaImimandla ethile) njenge-filler yepeyinti. Ukususela le nkulungwane, i-barite yeyeyona nto iphambili yemveliso yemveliso eyahlukeneyoibangaenemveliso yemichiza. Ngenxa yenani layo elibalulekileyo, iipropathi zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, kwaye i-insulble emanzini kunye ne-acids, i-acite isetyenzisiwe njengearhente yokuntywila kwi-oyile kunye ne-1920s.IbangaI-Sulfate isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-pigments emhlophe kwaye inokusetyenziswa njenge-filler kunye nemobala yerabha yerabha.
2. Imeko ye-Chinaibangaishishini
EqhelekileyoibangaIityuwa zibandakanyaibangai-sulfate,ibangaI-nitrate, i-barium chloride,ibangaI-carbonate,ibangaI-cyanide, njl njl.IbangaIimveliso zetyuwa zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwishishini le-elektroniki njengeongezelelo lwee-tub zemifanekiso kunye nezixhobo zemagnethi.
Okwangoku, i-China iye yaba yeyona mveliso inkulu yehlabathiibangaiityuwa. Umthamo woNyaka weHlabathi weibangaI-carbonate imalunga neetoni ezingama-900000, kunye ne-TONS malunga neetoni ezingama-700000, ngelixa umthamo we-China unokuba malunga neetoni ezingama-700000, i-accounting ngaphezulu kwe-70% yehlabathi jikeleleibangaUmthamo wemveliso ye-carbonate kunye nemveliso. I-chinaibangaIimveliso ze-carcelnate zathunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ngesixa esikhulu ixesha elide, kwaye i-China iye yaba ngumhlaba omkhulu wehlabathiibangaI-carbonate.
Iingxaki ezijamelana nazo kuphuhlisoIbangaImveliso yetyuwa eTshayina
Nangona i-china ngoyena mveliso mkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengisi ngaphandle kweibangaI-carbonate, ayingomvelisi oqinileyo we-barium carbonate. Okokuqala, zimbalwa kakhulu ezinkuluibangaImveliso ye-carcelnate yemveliso eTshayina, kwaye kukho amashishini ambalwa kakhulu afumene imveliso enkulu; Okwesibini, i-ChinaibangaIimveliso ze-carbonate zinesakhiwo esinye kwaye zinqongophele iimveliso zetekhnoloji ephezulu. Nangona ezinye iifektri ziphanda kwaye zivelisa ubunyulu obuphezuluibangaI-carbonate, uzinzo lwawo lihlwempu. Kwiimveliso ezicocekileyo ezicocekileyo, i-China ikwafuna ukungenisa kwiinkampani ezinjengeJamani, e-Itali naseJapan. Ukongeza, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanye amazwe abe ngabathumeli ngaphandle okutsha kweibangaI-Carbonate, enjenge-Russia, eBrazil, eSouth Korea, naseMexico, ekhokelela kwi-oversoply kwiHlabathiibangaImakethi ye-carbonate, enefuthe elikhulu kwi-ChinaibangaIshishini le-carbontete. Abavelisi bazimisele ukunciphisa amaxabiso ukuze baphile. Kwangelo xesha, amashishini okuthumela amaTshayina ajongene nophando oluchasene nokuhlaselwa ngabantu abavela phesheya. Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweziKhuselo zoKhuseleko lweNdalo, ezinyeibangaAmashishini eMveliso yeTyuwa eTshayina ajongana nemicimbi yokhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo. Ukwenzela ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwe-Chinaibangaishishini letyuwa,ibangaAmashishini emveliso yetyuwa e-China kufuneka athabathe ukukhusela okusingqongileyo e-China kunye nokhuseleko njengoko iSiseko, ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokwazisa itekhnoloji edibeneyo, kwaye iphuhlise iimveliso ezintsha ezihlangabezana neemfuno zamaxesha kwaye zinemixholo ephezulu yetekhnoloji.
Imveliso kunye nedatha yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-barite eTshayina
Ngokwedatha evela kuvavanyo lwe-United States Geogical Parloves, ukuveliswa kwe-Barite eTshayina yayimalunga nezigidi ezingama-41 ezigidi ngonyaka ka-2014.ibangaI-Sulfate, ukunyuka kwe-0.18% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ixabiso lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe lalingama-654965998 iidola zaseMelika, ukunyuka kwe-20.99% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ixabiso leyunithi yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe yayiyi-0.71 yeedola zaseMelika ngekhilogramu nganye, ukunyuka kweedola ze-US ngekhilogrem ngekhilogrem nganye ngokuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Phakathi kwazo, ngoDisemba ka-2014, i-China yathunyelwa ngaphandle i-8768648 yeekhilogram zeibangaI-Sulfate, ukunyuka kwe-8.19% ngokuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Imali yokuthumela ngaphandle yayingu-8385141 iidola zaseMelika, ukunyuka kwe-5.1% ngokuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ngokwedatha yamasiko aseTshayina, ngoJuni ka-2015, i-China yathumela i-170000 yeetoni zeibangaI-Sulfate, ukuncipha kwe-1.7% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo; Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, i-Inbulelo yokuthengisela i-1,12 yezigidi, ukuncipha kwe-6.8% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo; Isixa esifanayo sokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe sinciphile nge-5.4% ne-9% ngokulandelelana ngokuthelekisa ixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
3, Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zebharium (i-bariite)
1. Ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo zebarium
Umxholo weibangaKwi-crust yi-0.05%, i-14. Iiminerali eziphambili kwindalo yi-barite (ibangai-balfate baso4) kunye ne-wibhite (ibangaI-carbonate baco3). Phakathi kwabo, i-barite yeyona minerali ye-barium ye-Barium, edityanisweibangaI-Sulfate kwaye yenzeka kwi-veins eneqondo lokushisa eliphantsi le-hydrothermal, njengokuhamba kwe-quartz barz, i-farite bite, njl. njl.ibangaiqulethe izimbiwa kwindalo, ukongeza kwi-barite, kwaye eyona nto iphambili kuyoibangaI-carbonate.
Ngokwedatha evela kwi-United States ye-United States ye-United States ngo-2015, ubutyebi be-jista yehlabathi bumalunga neetoni ezi-2 bhiliyoni, apho iitoni ezingama-740 ezingqinelwa. Ugcino lwe-jindle lube ziitoni ezingama-350 zeetoni. I-China lilizwe elinezona zixhobo zininzi ze-barite. Amanye amazwe anezixhobo ezityebileyo ze-Bazakhstan, i-Türyeye, eIndiya, Thailand, eUnited States neMexico. Imithombo edumileyo ye-barite emhlabeni ibandakanya umhlaba wase-Westman e-UK, eFolsbonne eRomania, i-Suinzhu e Gubei, i-tifengzhou e hubei, i-giangzhou e gubexi, kunye nokutyibilika e Shaangxi, kunye ne-Shaangu.
Ngokwedatha evela kwi-United States ye-United States ye-United States ngo-2015, ukuveliswa kwe-jinte ye-9.23 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2013 kwaye unyukele kwi-4,26 yezigidi zeetoni ezimalunga ne-44.3% yemveliso yehlabathi lonke. I-India, eMorocco, kunye nenqanaba le-United States yesibini, okwesithathu, kunye neyesine, kunye nemveliso yeetoni ezizigidi ezili-1.6, kunye neetoni ezingama-120000.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kweIbangaIzixhobo e China
I-China ityebile ngaphakathiibangaIzixhobo ze-ore, kunye nendawo eqikelelweyo eqikelelweyo engaphezulu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni. Ngapha koko, inqanaba le-barium ore liphezulu, kwaye ukugcina kwalo kunye nemveliso okwangoku kungoku kuqala emhlabeni. Eyona ixhaphakileyoibangaIqulathwe ngendalo yi-barite. Indawo yokugcina i-jithe ye-BREGIT ziitoni ezingama-350, ngelixa indawo yokugcina i-barite e-China ziitoni ezizigidi ezili-100, i-accounting malunga ne-29% yogcino lwehlabathi lonke kunye nokukhuphela kuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokwedatha "yokufumana uvavanyo lweendawo ezixineneyo zemizimba kunye nezinto ezinokubakho ze-chie ze-chie ze-china" (i-Chemicoral Geology ye-geite, i-China inesityebi kwizibonelelo ezingama-5, ezisasazwayo (ezikwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Kukho iindawo ezili-195 zemigodi ezineendawo ezilungisiweyo e China, zinendawo yokugcina izixhobo ezingama-390 zeetoni ze-ore. Ukusuka kwiphondo (yengingqi) ye-Barite, iphondo le-guizhou linezona migodi ze-bar, i-Akhawuntingi ngeepesenti ezingama-34 zokugcina izinto zelizwe zizonke; UGunan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanti kunye namanye amaPhondo (imimandla) yethatha indawo yesibini. Eli candelo lamaphondo amahlanu angasentla kwi-80% yoovimba besizwe. Uhlobo lwedipozithi ikakhulu i-sedimentary, i-accounting i-60% yezi ndawo zizonke. Ukongeza, kukho i-subler ilawulwa (i-Endogenenetic), i-sevonic seltimentic, i-hydrothermal, kunye ne-Slope (Intsalela). Ixesha lemidla ikakhulu yayikwixesha lePaleozoic, kwaye kwasekwa iidiphozithi ze-barite ngexesha le-Sinia kunye neMesozozic Cenozuc.
Iimpawu zezixhobo zeminerali ze-barite eTshayina
Ukusuka kwimbono yobungakanani, iiminerali ze-barte e-China ihanjiswa ikakhulu kwingingqi yeCentral; Ngokwenqanaba, phantse zonke izimbiwa ezityebileyo zigxile ikakhulu eGuizhou naseGuangxi; Ukusuka kwimbono ye-ore yediphozithi, i-China ye-Barite ye-China ikakhulu inkulu kwaye iphakathi. Kuphela ziindawo ezimbini zemigodi ye-guizhou dahe daian kunye neHunan xinhuang gongxi i-akhawunti engaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezi ndawo. Rhoqo, uhlobo lwe-barite olunye luphawu oluphambili, kunye ne-mineral yokuqulunqa kunye nenqanaba lekhemizi lemichiza lilula kwaye licocekile, njenge-Hunan xinhuang gongxi ban yam. Ukongeza, kukwakhona ukugcinwa okukhulu kwe-CO kunye nezimbiwa ezinxulumene nazo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
Imveliso yemveliso ye-Barium
1. Ukulungiswa kweibanga
Ukuveliswa kwe-metallic barium kwishishini kubandakanya amanyathelo amabini: ukuveliswa kwe-barium oxide kunye nokuveliswa kwe-metallic barium ngokunciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwentsimbi (i-Alumnothermic).
(1) Ukulungiswa kweibangaoxide
Eyona nto iphambili kwi-ore ore bokuqala ifuna ukukhetha i-curtation kunye neflotion, ilandelwa yintsimbi kunye nokususwa kwentsimbi kunye nokususwa kwesilika kunye nokufumana ukugxila kune-96%ibangai-sulfate. Hlanganisa umgubo we-Mineral nge-particle ubungakanani ngaphantsi kwe-20 Mesh okanye i-Coal okanye i-Petroleum cooke Poker kumyinge we-4: 1, kunye nesiko le-verberatory.IbangaI-Sulfate incitshisiwe kwi-Barium sulfide (eyaziwa ngokuba "yi-ash emnyama"), eye yabhalwa ngamanzi ashushu ukufumana isisombululo se-barium sulfide. Ukwenzela ukuguqula i-barium sulfide ibe yi-Barium Bulbontetity, kunyanzelekile ukuba wongeze i-sodium carbonate okanye yazise ikharbon diokside kwisisombululo se-barium sulfide. Hlanganisa i-Barium carbonate ene-carbon powder kunye nebala elingaphezulu kwe-800 Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba i-Barium Oxide Oxiid ukuya kwi-Barium Poroxide nge-500-700 ℃, kunye ne-Barium Peroxide inokubola ukwenza ifomibangaI-oxide nge-700-800 ℃. Ke ngoko, ukuphepha ukuvelisa i-barium Peroxide, iimveliso ezilaldired kufuneka zipholise okanye zicinywe phantsi kokhuseleko lwerhasi.
(2) Ukuveliswa kweI-Barium yentsimbiNgendlela yokunciphisa i-aluminothermic
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphendula kokuncitshiswa kwe-aluminiumibangaoxide ngenxa yezithako ezahlukeneyo:
6BA + 2l → 3Bao • Al23o3 + 3ba ↑
Okanye: 4Bao + 2al → Bao • Al23 + 3ba ↑
Kwiqondo lobushushu elisusela kwi-1000 ukuya kwi-1200 ℃, ezi zinto zimbini zenza ukuba zincinciibanga, ke kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa impompo yokuphumla ukuze kudluliselwe ngokuqhubekayoibangaumphunga ukusuka kwindawo yokuphendula kwindawo ye-provelosas ukwenzela ukuphendula ukuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ngasekunene. Intsalela emva kokuphendula iyityhefu kwaye inokulahlwa emva konyango.
2. Ukulungiswa kweenkqutyana eziqhelekileyo zebharium
(1) Indlela yokulungiselela yeibangai-carbonate
Indlela yokunyanzelwa kwe-carbonis
Eyona ndlela yekharbhonizal ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuxuba i-bar kunye ne-chia kwinxalenye ethile, ityumze kwiziko elijikelezayo, kwaye ligqobhoza kwaye linciphise nge-1100-1200 ℃ Ukufumana i-barium chalfide ilt. I-carbon diokside ingenisiwe kwiibangaIsisombululo se-sulfide yekharbhonization, kwaye ifunyenweibangaI-Carbonate Slarry ifakwe phantsi kwenkunkuma yokuhlamba kunye nokufihlakala kwe-vacuum. Emva koko, yomiswa kwaye ityumkile kwi-300 ℃ ukufumana imveliso ye-barium egqityiweyo. Le ndlela yamkelwa ngabavelisi kakhulu ngenxa yenkqubo yayo elula kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
② Indlela yokungalunganga
Imveliso yokugqibela yeibangaI-carbonate inokufumaneka nge-DealCoraction RealFide ye-Barium Sulfide kunye ne-Ammonate carbonate, okanye ngokuphendula phakathi kwe-Barium ye-pilonatiy kunye ne-potassium carbonate. Imveliso yesiphumo ihlanjwa, ihlulwe, yomile, njl.
Umthetho onobungozi obuyityhefu
I-ore etyhefu etyhefu enobungozi iphendulwa kunye netyuwa ye-Ammoium ukuvelisa inyibilikisiweibangaItyiwa, kunye ne-Ammonate carbonate ziphinde zisetyenziselwe ukusetyenziswa. InyibilikisiweibangaItyiwa yongezwa kwi-Ammonate ye-Ammonate ukuba ihlawule i-barbonate ye-Barium ye-Barbonate, ethi icociwe kwaye yomiswe ukuvelisa imveliso egqityiweyo. Ukongeza, utywala obufumana utywala obufumanayo bunokuphinda busebenze kwaye busetyenziswe kwakhona.
(2) Indlela yokulungiselela yeibangaishumi
① indlela yesigaba esiqinileyo
IbangaI-Titanate inokulungiswa ngokubalwaibangaI-carbonate kunye neTitanium diokside, enokwenziwa ngayo nayiphi na enye into.
Indlela yokufota
NyibilikisaibangaI-chloride kunye ne-titanium titracheride kumxube wezinto ezilinganayo, ubushushu ukuya kwi-70 ° C, kwaye emva koko ilahle i-oxdic acid ukufumana i-hydratedibangaI-Titatatate [i-biatio (c24) 2-4h2o]. Hlamba, womile, kwaye emva koko ipiyrolysis ukufumana i-barium izishumi.
(3) Indlela yokulungiselela yeibangai-chloride
Inkqubo yemveliso yeibangaI-chloride ikakhulu ibandakanya indlela ye-hydrochloric acid,ibangaIndlela ye-carbonate, indlela ye-calcium chloride, kunye ne-magnesium pide indlela ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo okanye izinto ezingafunekiyo.
① Indlela ye-acid ye-hydrochloric.
②IbangaIndlela ye-carbonate. Yenziwe kwilitye elongezwe lilitye (ibarbondate) njengezixhobo eziluhlaza.
③ Indlela ye-calcium chloride. Ukunciphisa umxube we-barite kunye ne-calcium chloride ngekhabhoni.
Ukongeza, kukho indlela ye-magnesium chloride. Ilungiselelwe ngokunyangaibangaI-Sulfide ene-magnesium chloride.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-NoV-01-2023