Ytterbium: Inombolo yeatomic 70, isisindo se-atomic 173.04, igama lezinto ezivela kwindawo yalo yokufunyanwa. Umxholo we-ytterbium kwi-crust yi-0.000266%, ubukhulu becala ikwiPhosprorite kunye needipozithi zegolide ezinqabileyo. Umxholo eMonazite yi-0.03%, kwaye kukho isotopes yendalo
Ifunyenwe
Ngu: Marinak
Ixesha: 1878
Indawo: Switzerland
Ngo-1878, iSwitss Chemists iJean Charles kunye ne-G Marbacfu yafumanisa into entsha yasemhlabeni kwi "Erbium". Ngo-1907, u-Ulban kunye ne-Welban kunye ne-Wels babonisa ulwahlulele umxube we-Luttitium oxide neYtterbium oxide. Kwinkumbulo yelali encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-ynterby kufutshane neStockholm, apho kwafunyanwa i-Yttrium Ore, le nto intsha yabizwa ngokuba yiYtterbium enophawu yb.
Isimo se-elektronte
Isimo se-elektronte
I-1s2 2s2 2P6 3s2 3P6 4P6 4s2 3D10 4P6 4S2 4S2 4s2
Intsimbi
I-Meticic Ytterbium sisilivere egrey, i-ductile, kwaye inolwazi oluthambileyo. Kubushushu begumbi, i-Ytterbium inokuhamba kancinci kancinci ngomoya kunye namanzi.
Kukho izakhiwo ezibini zekristali: Uhlobo- Uhlobo lwendlela yobuso obujolise kwinkqubo yekristali ye-cuige (igumbi legumbi -798 ℃); Uhlobo lomzimba lugxile kwi-cuic (ngaphezulu kwe-798 ℃) lattece. Inqaku lokunyibilika 824 ℃, inqaku lokubila 1427 ℃, ukungcungcutheka kwesihlobo 6.977 (i-α- 6.54 (β- Uhlobo).
I-infline emanzini abandayo, inyibilikiswe kwi-acids kunye ne-ammonia engamanzi. Kuzinzile emoyeni. Ifana neSarium ne-Europium, eYtterbium yeyobumhlaba odumileyo, kwaye inakho ukuba kwindawo ehamba kakuhle engaphezulu kokongeza ukuba idla ngokuphelisa.
Ngenxa yolu phawu lwe-valence oguquguqukayo, ukulungiswa kwe-etterbium ye-Metallic akufuneki kuqhutywa yi-electrolysis, kodwa ngokunciphisa indawo yokulungisa nokucoca. Ngokwesiqhelo, isinyithi i-lanthanum isetyenziswa njengearhente yokunciphisa ukunciphisa i-distation, ukusebenzisa umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-vapor ephezulu ye-Ytterbium kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-vapor. Ngenye indlela,Thulium, ytterbium, kwayelutitiumUkugxininisa kunokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingafunekiyo, kwayeintsimbi ye-lanthanuminokusetyenziswa njengearhente yokunciphisa. Phantsi kweemeko zeqondo lobushushu obuphezulu lweqondo lokushisa i-1100 ℃ kunye ne <0.133pa, i-iron ye-Yttereum inokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokucuthwa. NjengeSamarium ne-Europium, i-Ytterbium inokwahlulwa kwaye ihlanjululwe ngokuncitshiswa kwamanzi. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-gulium, eYtterbium, kwaye i-Luttium igxile isetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziluhlaza. Emva kokupheliswa, i-Ytterbium incitshisiwe ibe yindawo edivanent, ebangela umahluko obonakalayo kwipropathi, emva koko yahlukane namanye amazwe anqabileyo anqabileyo. Ukuveliswa kokucoceka okuphezuluytterbium oxideidla ngokuqhutywa yi-chromatography okanye indlela yotshintshiselwano.
Isicelo
Isetyenziselwa ukwenza izabelo ezikhethekileyo. I-YTTERBIIm ALTYS isetyenziswe kumayeza amazinyo kwi-metriment kunye novavanyo lweekhemikhali.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Ytterbium ivele kwaye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwimimandla yefibebe yonxibelelwano ye-fiber optic kunye netekhnoloji ye-laser.
Ngokwakha kunye nophuhliso lwendlela "yolwazi lwenkqubo", uthungelwano lwekhompyuter kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa ixesha elide zefibres zineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza ezisetyenziswayo kunxibelelwano lwefible. I-YTERBIUM i-IOL, ngenxa yepropathi yabo ebalaseleyo, inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo ze-fiber ze-fiber zonxibelelwano olunjalo, njenge-erbium kunye neThulium. Nangona umhlaba onqabileyo wase-Erbim usengumdlali ophambili kwi-fiber Amplifiers, iintsinga ze-orbium ze-orbaim e-orbaim ene-orwids inesidima esincinci (i-30nm), esenza kube nzima ukufezekisa iimfuno zesantya esiphezulu kunye notshintsho oluninzi lolwazi. I-YB3 + i-ion inesiqendu esikhulu secandelo eliphezulu lokufumana i-Al3 + i-ions ijikeleze i-980nm. Ngesiphumo semvakalelo ye-YB3 + kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla e-Erbium kunye ne-Ytterbium, ukukhanya kwe-1530nm kunokuphuculwa kakhulu, ngalo lonke ixesha ukuphucula amandla okuphumelela.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Erbim Ytterbium COD ye-phosphate grasphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate iye yandiswa ngabaphandi. Iiglasi ze-phosphate kunye neeglasi zeFluorophosphate zinemichiza elungileyo kunye nokuzinza komzimba, kunye nokusasazeka ngokubanzi kunye nokusasazeka ngokubanzi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Broadband kunye neglasi ye-fiber ye-fir. I-YB3 + i-fiber ye-fiber Amplifis inokufezekisa i-amunition yamandla kunye ne-amplical encinci, ibenza bafaneleke kwimihlaba enjengenziweyo ye-fiber optic, kunye ne-Ultra ye-Ultra. I-China okwangoku yakha amandla amakhulu ejelo elikhulu kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yokuhambisa isantya, kwaye inolwazi olubanzi lwendlela ephantsi emhlabeni. I-YTERBIUM DONGY HARD kunye nobunye amanye amachaphaza amdaka i-fiber Amplifiisis kunye nezinto ze-laser zidlala indima ebalulekileyo nebalulekileyo kuyo.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-Ytterbium zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziphezulu ze-laser, zombini iikristali ze-laser, iiglasi ze-laser, kunye nefibre lars. Njengesixhobo esinamandla e-laser enamandla, i-Ytterbium Drives Crystals yenze uthotho olukhulu, kubandakanya i-YTERBIUM DEALCY DALELING (YB: I-YTTERBIUM DEED TAOROROFNET), i-YTERBIUM I-Fluorophosphate (yb: i-S-FAP), Ytterbium Doped Yetrium vadadate (yb: yv04), i-Ytterbium i-Bill, kunye neSilterium. I-Semiconductor Laser (i-LD) luhlobo olutsha lomthombo wempompo yeendlela eziqinileyo zelizwe. YB: I-Yag ineempawu ezininzi ezifanelekileyo kwimpompo ye-LD ephezulu kwaye iba yimpahla yase-laser ye-Ld pumpling. I-YB: I-S-FAP yekristali inokusetyenziswa njengempahla yase-laser ye-laser ye-Laser ye-Laser kwixesha elizayo, etsala ingqalelo yabantu. Kwi-crystals ye-laser ye-laser, kukho i-chromium yeYtterium yettrium Galnet (CR, YB, YB, YO: I-YAGG) ene-Waveleths isusela kwi-2,05 μ eguqukayo phakathi m. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, uninzi lwemfazwe ye-infrared esetyenziswa kwimichiza yehlabathi isebenzisa i-3-5 isetyenziselwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-CR, yb, i-HO: intsingiselo yomkhosi obalulekileyo. I-China ifezekisile uthotho lweziphumo ezinobuchule kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-Ytterbium Drive (YB: YB: Sfap, NB: I-GEP, i-Sfap, i-LART, i-GART, NOKUGQIBELA, NOKUGQIBELA. Iziphumo zophando zisetyenzisiwe kwi-NTEZENTE KOLONITE KUNYE NEZOBUCHULE BENKONZO YENKCAZO, kunye neemveliso zekristali ze-Ytterbium zithunyelwe kumazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla efana ne-United States naseJapan.
Olunye udidi oluphambili lwe-Ytterbium ye-LTERBIUM ye-laser yiglasi ye-laser. Iiglasi zeqela eliphezulu eziphezulu zecandelo eliphezulu sele ziphuhlisiwe, kuquka ne-Gerzerlium Caendite, isilicon Niobete, Borati, kunye ne-phosphate. Ngenxa yokuthoba isibumbe seglasi, kungenziwa ibe yisayizi enkulu kwaye ineempawu ezifana nokukhanya okuphezulu kunye nokufakelwa okuphezulu, zenza ukuba kube lula ukuvelisa i-lasers enamandla. Iglasi ye-laser yomhlaba odumileyo ye-laser esetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-neredium ikakhulu, enembali yophuhliso yeminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 kunye nemveliso evuthiweyo kunye netekhnoloji yesicelo. Ibisoloko iyinto ekhethiweyo yezixhobo zombane ezinamandla kwaye isetyenzisiwe kwizixhobo zovavanyo zenyukliya kunye nezixhobo ze-laser. Izixhobo ze-laser enamandla aphezulu ezakhiwe e-China, ezibandakanya i-Laser Nerey Neremium yeglasi ye-laremium ye-laser ephakathi, ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi. Kodwa iglasi ye-laser neodium ngoku ijongene nocelomngeni olunamandla kwiglasi ye-Laser Ytterbium.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani elikhulu lezifundo libonisile ukuba uninzi lweepropathi zeglasi ye-Laser ye-Laser Bttellium igqithe kwiglasi ye-neodium. Ngenxa yokuba inyani yokuba i-Ytterbium ye-Ytterbium inamanqanaba amabini amandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-Energy kuphezulu. Kukwinzuzo efanayo, i-Ytterbium ye-Ytterbium ineendlela zokugcina amandla ama-16 ngaphezulu kweglasi ye-neodiyoum, kunye ne-fluorescence yokuphila izihlandlo ezi-3 ezinamaxesha ama-3 e-neodium. Ikwaneenjongo ezifana nokuxinana okuphezulu, ukubhengeza ukubhengeza i-bandwidth, kwaye inokutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo i-semiconds, iyenza ilungele kakhulu i-secors ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-Ytterbium yaseYtterbium ihlala ixhomekeke kuncedo lwe-neoditium, njengokusebenzisa i-ND3 + njengeGrain yeGradi yeGeterium ye-YETTERBIUM isebenza kubushushu begumbi kwaye μ Ukuphuma kwe-LARS kufezekisiwe kwi-M Waveth. Ke, i-Yttermium kunye ne-neodimium bobabini bangabakhuphisana nabakhuphisana nabo kunye namahlakani abasebenzisa intsebenziswano kwintsimi yeglasi yaseLaser.
Ngokuhlengahlengisa ubume beglasi, uninzi lweepropathi ezininzi ze-luminescec yeglasi ye-Ytterbium yaseYtterbium inokuphuculwa. Ngokuphuhliswa kweengxaki zamandla aphezulu njengeyona ndlela iphambili, i-lars yenziwe ngeglasi ye-Ytterbium yaseYtterium yaseYtterium yaseYtterbium isebenza ngokubanzi kwishishini le-YTTERBIUM lisenziwa ngokubanzi kumzi-mveliso wale mihla, ezolimo, iyeza, kunye nezicelo zomkhosi.
Ukusetyenziswa emkhosini: ukusebenzisa amandla aveliswe yi-Nulear Fusion njengoko amandla ebesoloko eyinjongo elindelweyo, kwaye ukufezekisa i-nusion elawulwayo, kwaye ukufezekisa i-nusion yenyukliya elawulwayo iya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo kuluntu ukusombulula iingxaki zamandla. Iglasi ye-YTERBIUM ye-YETERBIUM ye-laser iba sisixhobo esithandwayo sokufezekisa i-fusion evaliweyo (i-ICF) yenkulungwane yama-21 ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo.
Izixhobo ze-laser zisebenzisa amandla amakhulu e-laser ye-laser ye-laser yokubetha nokutshabalalisa iithagethi, ukuvelisa amaqondo obushushu ezigidi zeediskrees Celsius kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kwisantya sokukhanya. Bayabhekiswa kwi-nadana kwaye babe nobubele obukhulu, ngakumbi ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zokhuselo lomoya zanamhlanje emfazweni. Intsebenzo egqwesileyo ye-Ytterbium ye-Ytterbium ye-YETTERBIUM yenze ukuba ibe yinto esisiseko ebalulekileyo yokwenza izixhobo eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu.
I-Fiber Laser yitekhnoloji entsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikwayesithili seZicelo zeLar. I-Fiber Laser i-laser esebenzisa i-fiber njenge-laser ephakathi, eyimveliso ye-fiber kunye netekhnoloji ye-laser. Iteknoloji entsha ye-laser ye-laser iphuhliswe kwisiseko se-erbium down ye-fiber amd Amplifier (E-EDFA). I-fiber lamer iqulethe i-semiconductor leser diode njengomthombo wempompo, i-fiber optic waveGuide kunye nezinto eziphakathi, kunye ne-faces ezifana ne-fibers kunye nabatshatisi. Ayifuni ukulungelelaniswa kwendlela yendlela yokukhanya, kwaye indlela yenziwa ngendlela yenziwa kwaye kulula ukuyidibanisa. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-lasers eqinileyo ye-State kunye ne-Semiconductor I-Lasers, inezibonelelo zeTekhnoloji nenjengemigangatho ephezulu yokuphazamiseka, ukungangqinelani okukhulu, akukho luhlengahlengiso, kunye ne-compact. Ngenxa yokuba ii-Ions ezinamachaphaza ikakhulu ziyi-ND + 3, YB + 3, i-ER + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, Ho + 3, 3, Ho + 3, I-fiber Laser World Fiber yasemhlabeni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser: i-Ytterbium ephezulu ye-Ytterbium ye-fiber fiber lare iye yaba yintsimi eshushu kwitekhnoloji ye-Laser eqinileyo kwilizwe jikelele. Inezinto eziluncedo kumgangatho ofanelekileyo we-beam, isakhiwo seplastice, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, kwaye inamathuba okusebenza kwezicelo kulungiso lwemizi-mveliso nakwamanye amasimi. Iintsinga eziphindwe kabini ze-ytterbium zilungele i-semiconductor ye-semiconductor ye-semiconductor, isebenza ngokuphumelelayo kunye nendlela ephezulu yokuphuma, kwaye yeyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso lweentsinga ze-Ytterbium. Itekhnoloji ye-China ye-China ePhenki ye-Hiberbium ye-fiber ye-fiber ayisekho kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe angaphandle. I-Ytterbium ye-Ytterbium, i-WARDBIUM kabini ye-fiber ye-fiber, kunye ne-erbium ye-fiberbium ye-fiber evele e-China ifikelele kwinqanaba lezinto ezifanayo zangaphandle malunga netekhnoloji ye-Peeloement yeemveliso ezininzi zemveliso kunye neendlela.
Inkampani edumileyo ye-IPG yeHlabathi ye-IPG yaseJamani isandula ukubhengeza ukuba i-Ytterbium yabo esandula ukwenziwa i-Ytterbium ye-fiber ser ineempawu ezigqwesileyo, ipump yobomi obungaphezulu kwe-1070nm-1080nm, kunye namandla okukhupha ukuya kwi-20Kw. Isetyenziswe kwi-welding ye-welding, ukusika, kunye nokuqhuba ityeni.
Izixhobo ze-laser sisiseko kunye nesiseko sokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji ye-laser. Kusoloko kukho intetho kwiShishini lase-laseres 'isizukulwana esinye sezinto, isizukulwana esinye sezixhobo'. Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ze-Sersestrive eziPhambili kwaye ziyimfuneko ekuqalekeni kwezixhobo zokuSebenza kakhulu ze-laser kwaye zidibanise ezinye iitekhnoloji ezifanelekileyo. I-YTERBIUM DODS CRTS Crystals kunye neglasi yaseLaser, njengamandla amatsha e-leser eqinileyo, akhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-fiber offic yonxibelelwano lwe-fiber of i-sern aser, itekhnoloji yokubetha i-tile ye-tile, kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu zethayile.
Ukongeza, i-Ytterbium ikwasetyenziswa njenge-Fluorescent Power Argator, iCeoramics yeCeores, i-Actions yeZinto zeMali yeConscom ye-elektroniki (iiBubnetic), kunye nokongezwa kweglasi yeglasi. Imele ichaze ukuba uYttrium kunye neYttrium yeyona nto inqabileyo emhlabeni. Nangona kukho umahluko okhoyo kumagama esiNgesi kunye neesimboli zezinto, i-fowuni yefowuni yaseTshayina inezilabhasi ezifanayo. Kwezinye iinguqulelo zaseTshayina, i-yttrium ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yimbi kakhulu kwiYttrium. Kule meko, kufuneka silandele umbhalo wokuqala kwaye sidibanise iisimboli zezinto zokuqinisekisa.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-30 ukuya kwi-2023