I-TerbiumNgaba ngudidi lwehlabathi elinamandla, kunye nentabalala esezantsi kumhlaba ophantsi komhlaba kwi-1.1 ye-PPM kuphela.I-Terbim OxideIiakhawunti ezingaphantsi kwe-0.01% yehlabathi lonke elinqabileyo. Kukwi-tem the they ytrium ye-ion yohlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaba onqabileyo olona nqanaba luphezulu lweTerbium, umxholo we-terbium kuphela iiakhawunti ze-1.1-1.2.2% yeyonkeumhlaba onqabileyo, ebonisa ukuba yeyoku "kudidi" oluhleumhlaba onqabileyoizinto. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 ukususela ekufumaneni kweTerbium ngo-1843, ukunqongophala kunye nexabiso likuthintele isicelo sayo ixesha elide. Ikwiminyaka engama-30 kuphelaI-Terbiumibonakalise italente yayo eyahlukileyo.
Ukufumanisa imbali
ISweden Chemist Carl Gustaf Musander yafumana i-terbium ngo-1843. Wafumanisa ukungcola kwayoyttrium oxidekwayeY2o3. YttriumIbizwa ngegama emva kwedolophana yalo yayinguSweden. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwetekhnoloji ye-IEON, i-Terbium yayingazange idityaniswe kwifom yayo ecocekileyo.
I-mossander yokuqala yahlulweyttrium oxideKwinxalenye ezintathu, zonke iikatiweyo emva kwe-ores:yttrium oxide, i-erbim oxide, kwayeI-Terbim Oxide. I-Terbim Oxideyayiqala ukwakhiwa kwenxalenye yepinki, ngenxa yento eyaziwa ngokuba yii-erbium. I-erbim oxide(kubandakanya ngento esiyibiza ngokuba yiTerbium) yayiyinxalenye engenamibala kwisisombululo. I-InsubleX Axidey yeli nqaku ithathwa njenge-brown.
Abasebenzi kamva bakufumanisa kunzima ukonga incinci "i-erbim oxide", Kodwa i-pink ye-pink ingenakutyeshelwa. Ingxoxo malunga nobukho bei-erbim oxideivele kaninzi. Kwisiphithiphithi, igama lentsusa labuyiselwa umva kwaye ukutshintshiselana ngamagama lalibambekile, ke le nxalenye ipinki ekugqibeleni yakhankanywa njengesisombululo esine-erbium (kwisisombululo, yayipinki). Ngoku kukholelwa ukuba abasebenzi abasebenzisa i-sodium disfate okanye i-potassium sulfate ukususa i-cerium diokside ukusukayttrium oxideUkujika ngokungaziI-TerbiumKwi-cieium ene-precipitithi. Okwangoku ebizwa ngokuba 'I-Terbium', kuphela malunga ne-1% yentsusayttrium oxideNgaba ikhona, kodwa oku kwanele ukuhambisa umbala ophuzi ophuzi kwiyttrium oxide. Ke ngoko,I-Terbiumlicandelo lesibini eliyiqulathe ekuqaleni, kwaye ilawulwa ngabamelwane bayo ngokukhawuleza,IGadiliniumkwayedysprosium.
Emva koko, ngalo lonke ixeshaumhlaba onqabileyoIzinto zahlulwe kulo mxube, ngaphandle kwenani lee-oxide, igama le-terbium laligcinwa de ekugqibeleni, i-brown oxidey yeI-Terbiumyafunyanwa ngefom emsulwa. Abaphandi ngenkulungwane ye-19 abasebenzisanga itekhnoloji ye-Ultraviot Pluorescence ukuze bagcine itekhnoloji etyheli etyheli okanye eluhlaza (iii), eyenza ibe lula kwiTerbim ukuba ibonakaliswe kwimixube eqinileyo okanye izisombululo.
Isimo se-elektronte
Ulwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki:
I-1s2 2s2 2P6 3s2 3P6 4P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 4S2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4k9
Ilungiselelo le-elektroniki leI-Terbiumi [ı] 6s24f9. Ngokwesiqhelo, zintathu ii-elektroniki kuphela zinokususwa ngaphambi kokuba intlawulo yenyukliya iba mkhulu kakhulu ukuba ingaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yeI-Terbium, i-semi izalisweI-TerbiumIvumela ukuqhubeka kolunye u-Isforon wesine phambi kwe-oxidant eyomeleleyo efana negesi ye-fluorine.
Intsimbi
I-TerbiumNgaba yintsimbi yesilivere emhlophe enqabileyo yomhlaba onqabileyo, ubunzima, kunye nokuthamba okunokunqunyulwa ngommese. Inqaku lokunyibilika 1360 ℃, inqaku lokubila 3123 ℃, ukuxinana 8229 4kg / m3. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zakudala ze-lanthanaide, zizinzile emoyeni. Inqaku lesithoba lezinto zeLanthen's, i-Terbium, sisinyithi esibekiweyo kakhulu esisebenza ngamanzi ukwenza igesi ye-hydrogen.
Kwindalo,I-TerbiumAkazange kufunyenwe ukuba yinto yasimahla, ekhoyo kwiimali ezincinci kwi-phospium thorum isanti kunye ne-silicon berryllium yettrium ore.I-TerbiumI-Coexists kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwi-monazite isanti, kunye ne-0.03% ye-0.03% ye-Terbim. Eminye imithombo ibandakanya i-Yttrium phosphate ye-Yttrium kunye negolide enqabileyo, zombini imixube yee-oxide inama-1% i-terbium.
Isicelo
Ukusetyenziswa kweI-TerbiumUbukhulu becala ubandakanya amacandelo aphezulu obuchwephesha, onobugcisa obukhulu kunye nolwazi olunamandla anqabileyo, kunye neeprojekthi ezinesibonelelo esibalulekileyo soqoqosho, ngamathemba ophuhliso olunomtsalane.
Iinkalo zezicelo eziphambili zibandakanya:
(1) isetyenziswa kwimo yomhlaba onqabileyo. Umzekelo, isetyenziswa njengelitye elinqabileyo lomhlaba elinqabileyo kunye notyalo lwezolimo.
. Izixhobo ze-Optoectroalctlectroalctlectronict zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemibala emithathu esisiseko yephosprhors, ebizwa ngokuba yibomvu, eluhlaza, kunye neblowu, enokusetyenziselwa ukuqesha imibala eyahlukeneyo. KwayeI-TerbiumInqaku elingenakuthelekiswa nanto kwimilinganiselo emihle ye-fluorescent fluorescer.
. Iifilimu ze-Amorphous i-terbium yensimbi yensimbi isetyenziselwe ukwenza i-dispical yokusebenza ephezulu ye-magneto optical.
(4) Ukwenza iglasi ye-magneto yokwaqhwithi. Iglasi ye-roqo ye-roqo ene-terbium inento ephambili yokufumana iintambo zemveliso, aboluka kunye neesetyhula kwitekhnoloji yaseLayer.
.
Kwezolimo kunye nezamandla kwezilwanyana
Umhlaba onqabileyoI-TerbiumUnokuphucula umgangatho wesivuyi kwaye unyuse i-photosynthesis ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. I-stander ye-Terbium inemisebenzi ephezulu yebhayiloji, kunye nee-geriary stratess zeI-Terbium, I-TB (i-ALA) 3Benim (i-clo4) 3-3h2o, banesiphumo esihle kunye ne-bactericiday kwi-staphsticidac kunye ne-bactericiday kwi-staph Ukufundisisa kwezi ntlobo kubonelela ngesikhokelo sophando esitsha seziyobisi zanamhlanje.
Isetyenziswe kwicandelo lokwalusa
Izixhobo ze-Optoectroalctlectroalctlectronict zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemibala emithathu esisiseko yephosprhors, ebizwa ngokuba yibomvu, eluhlaza, kunye neblowu, enokusetyenziselwa ukuqesha imibala eyahlukeneyo. I-Terbium yinxalenye engenakuphikiswa kwiindawo ezininzi eziphezulu eziphezulu eziphezulu ze-fluorescer. Ukuba ukuzalwa kombala onqabileyo weTV yeTV yeTV ye-fluorescected fluorescec ivuselela imfuno yeyttriumkwayeI-EuropiumKe isicelo kunye nophuhliso lweTerbium zikhuthazwe ngumhlaba onqabileyo onqabileyo Ebutsheni bowe-1980s, iPhilip ihlelele i-Compas yeHlabathi yeLizwe le-Compact Fourascent yeFluorescent kwaye yakhawuleza yaphakamisa kwihlabathi jikelele. I-TB3 + i-ion ingakhupha ukukhanya eluhlaza kunye ne-545nm, kwaye phantse yonke indawo enqabileyo yomhlaba onqabileyoI-Terbium, njenge-active.
I-Green Fluorescent Powder esetyenziselwa imibala yeTV yeTV yeTV Ngokuphuhliswa kwamabonakude obukhulu kwi-trical screen Umzekelo, i-hybrid green fluorescent powder iphuhliswe phesheya, equka i-Y3 (i-Al, G) ye-TB3 +, i-TB3 + ye-TB3 +, i-Y2SIO5: i-TB3 +, enesifo samagama aphezulu.
I-Gay yendabuko ye-X-ray fluorescent powder yi-calcium tungstate. Ngeminyaka yee-1970 kunye ne-1980s, i-sure yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-fluorescent yezikrini zokwenza izikrini zaphuhliswa, njengeI-Terbium, i-lanthanam isebenze i-oxide ox, i-terbium isebenze i-romide oxide (yezikrini eziluhlaza), kunye neTerbium zasebenza nge-Ytrium Sulfide Oxide. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-calcium tungstate, i-calle yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-fluorescent inokunciphisa ixesha le-X-ray ye-X-ray films, iphucule i-filmopu yefilimu ye-x-ray, kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. I-Terbim ikwasetyenziswa njenge-roborest ye-fluorescent ye-ray screens, enokuphucula kakhulu imvakalelo yokuguqula i-X-ray ye-X-ray fictures eqinile, kwaye inciphise idosi yokuveza ye-X-rays ukuya kwi-rays yomntu (ngaphezulu kwe-50%).
I-Terbiumikwasetyenziswa njenge-arctivator kwi-phosphor ye-White Eyokhlise i-phosphori yochulumancile ngesibane esincinci se-semiconductor entsha. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-Terbim Alumnum Agstrical Agstal Agstal i-phoods, isebenzisa i-Eaction ekhupha i-blues njengemithombo yokukhanya, kwaye i-fluoresces evakalayo ixutywe nokukhanya okumhlophe
Izixhobo ze-elecromiculcection zenziwe kwiTerbium ikakhulu zibandakanya i-zinc slide greene eluhlaza ye-fluorescerI-TerbiumNjengomsebenzi. Ngaphantsi kwe-Irradiot i-Irradiation, i-organic sperdes yeTerbium inokukhupha i-fluorescence yomeleleyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezinombala omdaka. Nangona inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yenziwe kuphononongo lweumhlaba onqabileyoIifilimu ze-onroumines ezinzima, kusekho isithuba esithile esivela ekusebenziseni, kwaye uphando malunga ne-onroumic lel electronices electronicecceccection films kunye nezixhobo zisebunzulu.
Iimpawu ze-Fluorescence Iimpawu zeTerbium nazo zisetyenziswa njenge-fluoresces. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-Olloxacin Terbium (i-TB3 +) I-Deoxyribonucle Acid (i-DNA) yayifundwe kusetyenziswa i-fluorescence kunye ne-Ackepy Probe yoPhando luka-Olloxacin (i-TB3 +). Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-Obloxacin i-TB3 + inokuthi ibophelelene ne-roove ngeemolekyuli zeDNA, kwaye uDeoxyribonucCiic Acid unokuphucula kakhulu ifluorescence ye-Obloxacin ye-otloxacin ye-otloxacin ye-otloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Orloxacin ye-Outloxacin ye-Outloxacin yeTB3 + yenkqubo. Ngokusekwe kolu tshintsho, uDeoxyribonucleic Acid unokumiselwa.
Ngezixhobo zeMagneto Optical
Izixhobo ezinesiphumo sendawo, esaziwa njengezixhobo ze-magneto-optical, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-lasers kunye nezinye izixhobo zamehlo. Zimbini iintlobo zezixhobo zeMagneto Optical: I-magneto optial kunye neglasi eyakhiwe nguMagneto. Phakathi kwazo, amakristali ye-magneto-optial (njenge-Yttrium Garnet kunye neTerbium Galnet) zineengenelo zokusebenza okusebenzayo kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu, kodwa zibiza kakhulu kwaye kuyabiza kwaye kunzima ukwenza. Ukongeza, iikristali ezininzi zeMagneto of magnes ezinama-Angles ePhakamileyo yeFayile inee-angles eziphezulu kuluhlu lwamaza amafutshane, olunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo. Xa kuthelekiswa neekristali ze-magneto optial, iglasi ye-magneto ye-optical inenzuzo yokusasazeka okuphezulu kwaye kulula ukuba zenziwe kwiibhloko ezinkulu okanye iintsinga. Okwangoku, iiglasi zeMagneto-Optical enefuthe eliphezulu lolwahlulo ikakhulu zinqabile iiglasi ze-ion zomhlaba.
Isetyenziselwa izixhobo zokugcina amaMagneto
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-Multimedia kunye ne-ofisi ye-omeme, imfuno yediski ye-disnetic ephezulu ye-disnetic ephakamileyo yanda. Iifilimu ze-Amorphous i-terbium yentsimbi ye-Allow Fotty isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-dispical yokusebenza ephezulu ye-magneto optical. Phakathi kwabo, ifilimu ye-TBECO ye-TBECO ye-TBECOY ineyona ndlela ilungileyo. Izinto ze-terbium ezisezantsi ze-magneto ze-magneto zivelisiwe kwindawo enkulu, kunye neediski ze-magneto-ezifanelekileyo zenziwe kuzo zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokugcina ikhompyutha, kunye nomsebenzi wogcino onyuke ngamaxesha ayi-10-16. Banezibonelelo zezakhono ezinkulu kunye nezantya zokufikelela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zinokutshitshiswa kwaye zidityaniswe amashumi amawaka amawaka xa isetyenziselwa iidiski ze-disns. Zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yolwazi nge-elektroniki. Ezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa zizinto ezibonakalayo ze-magneto-optims kwi-terbium gebhium pallium parstium paystal, eyeyona ndawo iphambili ye-magneto-optical ye-rotator kunye nesolatori.
Iglasi ye-magneto of magneto
Iglasi ye-faraday magneto of magneto ye-Magneto ye-Magneto ye-Magne inobala oluhle kunye ne-isotropy kwimimandla ebonakalayo neyinxunguphele, kwaye inokwenza imilo eyahlukeneyo. Kulula ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinkulu kwaye zinokutsalwa kubakhezi. Ke ngoko, inamachaphaza asetyenzisiweyo asetyenziswayo kwizixhobo zeMagneto Optical Assoot yesoators, iimodyuli zeMagneto Optical, kunye neFiber Optic Abesors. Ngenxa yomzuzu omkhulu wemagnetic kunye ne-action encinci ebonakalayo kuluhlu olubonakalayo noluhlaza, i-TB3 + i-ions isetyenziswe emhlabeni inqabile i-magneto of glasses.
I-Terbium Dysprosium Fersprosium Ferromagnet-stalty
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubeka kwenguquko yobugcisa behlabathi, izixhobo ezintsha zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zavela ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-1984, i-Io ye-Iowa State yeSebe leMibutho yaseMelika, kunye neZiko loPhando laseMelika lase-US. Esi sixhobo sitsha sokuqonda sineempawu ezintle zokuguqula amandla ngokukhawuleza kumatshini oomatshini. Amanzi aphantsi kwamanzi kunye no-Acoustic Translaustrs olwenziwe ngezixhobo ze-genestostices ezi-genestostrive eziye zalungiswa ngempumelelo kwizixhobo ze-Naval, izithethi ezibonakalayo zeoyile, ingxolo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwendawo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano eziphantsi komhlaba. Ke ngoko, nje ukuba i-Terbium Dysprosium yentsimbi ye-genetostium ye-genetostiation yazalwa, yafumana ingqalelo ebanzi kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela. Itekhnoloji yomphetho e-United States yaqala ukuvelisa izixhobo ze-Gybium Dysprosium ze-Gysprosium ngo-1989 zaza zathi, iSweden, iSweden, e-Australia, i-Australia ivele i-Terbim Dysprosium.
Ukusuka kwimbali yokuphuhliswa kwale nto e-United States, zombini ukuyilwa kwezinto kunye nezicelo zayo zokuqala zihambelana ngqo neshishini lomkhosi (njengokwakho). Nangona amasebe e-China nelasemkhosini kunye nokuqiniswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuqonda ukuqonda kwabo le nto. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa okukhulu kwamandla amakhulu e-China, ibango lokufezekisa isicwangciso-nkqubo esinokhuphiswano lwenkulungwane yama-21 kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba izixhobo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kungxamiseka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-terbium dysprosium yentsimbi ye-genestossium ye-genestostossubs ngamasebe emkhosini naseZwelonke iya kuba yimbali yembali.
Ngamafutshane, ezona ndawo zininzi zeI-TerbiumYenza ilungu elingaqondakaliyo lezinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye nendawo engenakufanelwe kwezinye iindawo zesicelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu leTerbium, abantu babefunda indlela yokuphepha nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweTerbium ukuze kunciphise iindleko. Umzekelo, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zeMagneto-faknoloji kufuneka zisebenzise iindleko eziphantsiI-Dysprosium IronI-Cobabalt okanye iGadoliium Terbium Terbium ye-Cobalt kangangoko kunokwenzeka; Zama ukunciphisa umxholo weTerbium kwi-Green Fluorescent Powder ekufuneka isetyenziswe. Ixabiso liye laba yinto ebalulekileyo kuthintela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweI-Terbium. Kodwa izinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo azinakwenza ngaphandle kwawo, ke kufuneka silandele umgaqo-siseko wokuba "sisebenzisa intsimbi entle kwi-blade" kwaye sizame ukugcina ukusetyenziswa kweI-Terbiumngokukhawuleza ngokungxamisekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: I-Oct-25 ukuya kwi-2023