Dysprosium,isimboli uDy kunye nenani leathomu 66into yomhlaba enqabileyokunye nokucwebezela kwesinyithi. I-Dysprosium ayizange ifunyanwe njengento enye kwindalo, nangona ikhona kwiiminerali ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-yttrium phosphate.
Ubuninzi be-dysprosium kwi-crust yi-6ppm, ephantsi kunaleyo ye
iyttriumkwizinto ezinzima ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Igqalwa njengobunzima obuyintabalala
into enqabileyo yomhlaba kwaye ibonelela ngesiseko esilungileyo somthombo wokusetyenziswa kwayo.
I-Dysprosium kwimeko yayo yendalo yenziwe ngee-isotopes ezisixhenxe, kunye nezona zininzi ziyi-164 Dy.
I-Dysprosium yaqala yafunyanwa nguPaul Achilleck de Bospoland kwi-1886, kodwa bekungekho kude kube nophuhliso lweteknoloji yokutshintshiselana kwe-ion kwiminyaka ye-1950 ukuba yayihluke ngokupheleleyo. I-Dysprosium inezicelo ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuba ayinakutshintshwa ngezinye iikhemikhali.
Iityuwa ze-dysprosium ezinyibilikayo zinetyhefu encinci, ngelixa iityuwa ezinganyibilikiyo zithathwa ngokuba zingeyotyhefu.
Ukufumana iMbali
Ifunyanwe ngu: L. Boisbaudran, isiFrentshi
Yafunyanwa ngo-1886 eFransi
Emva kokuba uMossander ehlukeneierbiumumhlaba kunyeterbiumumhlaba ukusuka kwi-yttrium emhlabeni ngo-1842, iikhemisti ezininzi zasebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-spectral ukuchonga nokufumanisa ukuba zazingengawo ama-oxide acocekileyo ento, eyakhuthaza iikhemisti ukuba ziqhubeke zizahlula. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe emva kokwahlulwa kweholmium, ngowe-1886, iBouvabadrand yayahlula phakathi yaza yagcina iholmium, enye ebizwa ngokuba yidysprosium, enophawu olusisiseko uD. Eli gama livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi dysprositos kwaye lithetha 'kunzima ukufumana'. Ngokufunyaniswa kwe-dysprosium kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, esinye isiqingatha senqanaba lesithathu lokufunyanwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba sele sigqityiwe.
Ubume be-electron
Uyilo lombane:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotope
Kwimeko yayo yendalo, i-dysprosium yenziwe ngee-isotopes ezisixhenxe: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, kunye ne-164Dy. Ezi zonke zibhekwa njengezinzile, nangona ukubola kwe-156Dy kunye nesiqingatha sobomi obungaphezu kwe-1 * 1018 iminyaka. Phakathi kwee-isotopes ezenzeke ngokwemvelo, i-164Dy yeyona nto ininzi kwi-28%, ilandelwa yi-162Dy kwi-26%. Okona kuncinci ngokwaneleyo yi-156Dy, i-0.06%. Ii-isotopi ezingama-29 zeradioactive nazo ziye zadityaniswa, ukusuka kwi-138 ukuya kwi-173, ngokobunzima beathom. Eyona nto izinzile yi-154Dy kunye nesiqingatha sobomi malunga ne-3106 iminyaka, ilandelwa yi-159Dy kunye nesiqingatha sobomi beentsuku ze-144.4. Eyona nto ingazinzanga yi-138 Dy kunye nesiqingatha sobomi be-200 milliseconds. I-154Dy ibangelwa ikakhulu kukubola kwe-alpha, ngelixa i-152Dy kunye ne-159Dy ukubola zibangelwa ikakhulu kukubanjwa kwe-electron.
Isinyithi
I-Dysprosium ine-metallic luster kunye nesilivere eqaqambileyo. Ithambile kwaye inokwenziwa ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokuntlantsiza ukuba ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo kuyathintelwa. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-dysprosium zichaphazeleka nokuba yincinci encinci yokungcola. I-Dysprosium kunye ne-holmium zinamandla amakhulu emagnethi, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. I-dysprosium ferromagnet elula iba yimeko ye-helical antiferromagnetic kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-85 K (-188.2 C) nangaphezulu kwe-85 K (-188.2 C), apho zonke iiathom zihambelana kumaleko asezantsi ngomzuzu othile kwaye zijongane neengqimba ezikufutshane kwi-engile esisigxina. . Le antiferromagnetism engaqhelekanga iguqula ibe yimeko ephazamisekileyo (paramagnetic) kwi-179 K (-94 C).
Isicelo:
(1) Njengesongezo semagnethi esisigxina ye-neodymium iron boron, ukongeza malunga ne-2-3% ye-dysprosium kolu hlobo lwemagnethi kunokuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwayo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, imfuno ye-dysprosium yayingekho phezulu, kodwa ngokunyuka kwemfuno ye-neodymium iron boron magnets, yaba yinto efunekayo yokongeza, kunye nebakala elijikeleze i-95-99.9%, kwaye imfuno nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
(2) I-Dysprosium isetyenziswa njenge-activator ye-phosphors, kunye ne-trivalent Dysprosium yi-ion ethembisayo esebenzayo kwiziko elilodwa lokukhupha izinto ze-tricolor luminescent. Ikakhulu iqulunqwe ngamabhanti amabini e-emission, enye yi-yellow emission, kwaye enye iblue emission. I-Dysprosium doped luminescent materials inokusetyenziswa njenge-phosphors ye-tricolor.
(3) I-Dysprosium sisixhobo sesinyithi esiyimfuneko sokulungiselela i-alloy enkulu ye-magnetostrictive Terfenol, enokwenza ukuba ukunyakaza okuchanekileyo kufezekiswe.
(4)Dysprosium metal inokusetyenziswa njengento yokugcina imagneto-optical enesantya esiphezulu sokurekhoda kunye novakalelo lokufunda.
(5) Ukulungiselela izibane ze-dysprosium, into esebenzayo esetyenziswa kwizibane ze-dysprosium yi-dysprosium iodide. Olu hlobo lwesibane luneenzuzo ezifana nokukhanya okuphezulu, umbala omhle, ukushisa kombala ophezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye ne-arc ezinzileyo. Isetyenziswe njengomthombo wokukhanyisa kwiimuvi, ushicilelo, kunye nezinye izicelo zokukhanyisa.
(6) Ngenxa ye-neutron enkulu yokubamba i-cross-sectional area ye-dysprosium element, isetyenziswa kushishino lwamandla e-atom ukulinganisa i-neutron spectra okanye njengento yokufunxa i-neutron.
(7) I-Dy3Al5O12 inokusetyenziswa njengento esebenzayo yamagnetic kwifriji yamagnetic. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, imimandla yesicelo se-dysprosium iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa nokwandisa.
(8) I-Dysprosium compound nanofibers inamandla amakhulu kunye nommandla ophezulu, ngoko ingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ezinye izinto okanye njenge-catalysts. Ukufudumeza isisombululo esinamanzi se-DyBr3 kunye ne-NaF kwi-450 yoxinzelelo lwebha kwiiyure ze-17 ukuya kwi-450 ° C inokuvelisa i-dysprosium fluoride fibers. Esi sixhobo sinokuhlala kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo ezinamanzi ngaphezulu kweeyure eziyi-100 ngaphandle kokunyibilika okanye ukudityaniswa kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-400 ° C.
(9) I-Thermal insulation demagnetization iifriji zisebenzisa iikristale zetyuwa zeparamagnetic dysprosium, kuquka i-dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), i-dysprosium aluminiyam garnet (DAG), kunye ne-dysprosium iron garnet (DyIG).
(10) I-Dysprosium cadmium oxide iqela leekhompawundi ze-element compounds yimithombo yemitha ye-infrared engasetyenziselwa ukufunda ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali. I-Dysprosium kunye neekhompawundi zayo zineepropati ezinamandla zamagnetic, ezenza zibe luncedo kwizixhobo zokugcina idatha ezifana ne-hard drives.
11 Isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza ezifana neemoto zombane zombane. Iimoto ezisebenzisa olu hlobo lwemagnethi zinokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 grams ye-dysprosium ngesithuthi ngasinye. Ngokweentengiso zeToyota eziqikelelwayo zonyaka zezithuthi ezizigidi ezi-2, kungekudala ziya kuphelisa unikezelo lwehlabathi lwe-dysprosium metal. Iimagnethi ezithatyathelw’ indawo yi-dysprosium zikwanazo nokumelana nomhlwa okuphezulu.
(12) I-Dysprosium compounds ingasetyenziswa njenge-catalysts ekucoceni ioli kunye namashishini amachiza. Ukuba i-dysprosium yongezwa njengomgqugquzeli wesakhiwo kwi-ferrioxide ammonia synthesis catalyst, umsebenzi we-catalytic kunye nokumelana nokushisa kwe-catalyst kunokuphuculwa. I-Dysprosium oxide ingasetyenziselwa njenge-high-frequency dielectric ceramic component material, enesakhiwo se-Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, esingasetyenziselwa i-dielectric resonators, izihlungi ze-dielectric, i-dielectric diplexers, kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-23-2023