Inqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyo loMhlaba: I-DYSRRIVIUM

Dysprosium,Inombolo ye-DY ye-DY kunye nenombolo yeatomic 66. YiInqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyonge-metric luster. I-dysprosium ayikaze ifumaneke njengento enye kwindalo, nangona ikho kwiiminerali ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-Ytrium phosphate.

Intabalala ye-dysprosium kwi-crust yi-6ppm, ephantsi kunelo

yttriumKwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ithathwa njengento enzima kakhulu

Inqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyo kwaye linika isiseko esibonakalayo sesicelo sakhe.

I-dysprosium ekwimeko yayo yendalo iqulunqwe izotom ezisixhenxe, kunye ne-164 DY.

I-Dysprosium yafunyanwa ekuqaleni nguPaul Achilleck de Bospoland ngo-1886, kodwa yayingekuko ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji ye-ION ye-1950 ukuba yedwa ngokupheleleyo. I-dysprosium ineezicelo ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuba ayinakutshintshwa zezinye izinto zekhemikhali.

I-sysprosium yedysprosium yedysrosium inobungozi obuthathaka, ngelixa iityuwa ezingenabungozi zithathwa njengetyhefu.

Ukufumanisa imbali

Ifunyenwe ngu: L. Haismbaudran, isiFrentshi

Ifunyenwe ngo-1886 eFrance

Emva kwe-mossander yahlulwei-erbiumUmhlaba kwayeI-TerbiumUmhlaba osuka eYttrium 23 ngo-1842, uninzi lwamachiza alusebenzisa uhlalutyo lobuchule lokuchonga nokuchaza ukuba azibalulekanga kangangokuba azibandakanyi ukwahlulahlula. Iminyaka esixhenxe emva kokwahlulahlula i-Holmium, ngo-1886, iBouvabadrand yahlulahlula isiqingatha kwaye igcinwe i-Holmium, enye i-Dysprosium, kunye ne-DY ye-DY. Eli gama livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi dyssossitos kwaye lithetha 'kunzima ukufumana'. Ngokufunyanwa kwe-dysprosium kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, esinye isiqingatha senqanaba lesithathu lokufunyanwa komhlaba elinqabileyo ligqityiwe.

Isimo se-elektronte

Ulwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki:

I-1s2 2s2 2P6 3s2 3P6 4P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5D1 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2 4s2

isotope

Kwimeko yayo yendalo, i-dysprosium iqulathe i-isotopes esisixhenxe: 156dy, i-158dy, 168dy, 162dy, i-162dy, i-164dy. Zonke ezi zinto zithathwa njengezinzileyo, ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwe-156dy ngobomi bomntu ongaphezu kwe-1 * 1018. Phakathi kwe-isotopes yendalo, i-164dy yeyona nto ininzi kakhulu kwi-28%, ilandelwa ngu-162dy nge-26%. Eyona incinci ye-156dy, i-0.06%. Ii-slotopes ezingama-29 ze-radiopes ziye zaye zaqengqeleka, zisusela kwi-138 ukuya kwi-173, malunga ne-Atomic Mass. Eyona nto isizinzileyo yi-154dy enesiqingatha sobomi obufikelela malunga ne-3106 iminyaka, ilandelwa ngu-159dy ngobomi be-144.4. Eyona nto ingazinzanga yi-138 Dy ngobomi bomfanekiso wama-200 milliseconds. I-154dy ingelwe ikakhulu kukubola kwe-alpha, ngelixa i-152dy kunye ne-159ne ibohlokeke ikakhulu ukubanjwa kwe-elektroni.

Intsimbi

I-dysprosium ine-lsster ye-metric kunye ne-lsters yesilivere eqaqambileyo. Ithambile kwaye inokuthi ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-spark ukuba iyathintelwa kakhulu. Iipropathi zomzimba ze-dysprosium zichatshazelwa nokuba yinto encinci yokungcola. I-Dysprosium kunye neHolmium inamandla amalunga kakhulu, ngakumbi amaqondo obushushu asezantsi. I-dysprosium elula yedysprosium iba yimeko ye-Antiferroomagnetic kwi-85 k (-188.2 c) nangaphezulu kwe-85 k (-188.2 c) kwaye yonke i-Atom ihambelana ne-Angle esecaleni. Le meko ingaqhelekanga i-antifomagnetismagnetism iguqula ibe yimeko elahlekileyo (iParamagnetic) ye-179 k (-94 c).

Isicelo:

. Kwixa elidlulileyo, imfuno ye-dysprosium ayibanga phezulu, kodwa ngemfuneko eyandayo yemfuno ye-neorellium ye-neorellium ye-goron, yaba yinto eyongeziweyo ye-95-99.9%, kwaye imfuno ikwanda ngokukhawuleza.

. Kubunjwe ikakhulu ngamabhendi amabini akhutshelweyo, enye ikhutshwe etyheli, kwaye enye ikhutshiwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Dysprosium Dopece Izixhobo ze-dysprosium zinokusetyenziswa njenge phosphors zeTrikolor.

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(4)I-Dysprosium yentsimbi inokusetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina i-magneto engapheliyo enesantya esiphezulu sokurekhoda kunye nokufunda imvakalelo yokufunda.

. Olu hlobo lwesibane lunenjongo yokukhanya okunjengokukhanya okuphezulu, umbala olungileyo, ubushushu obuphezulu, ubungakanani obukhulu, kunye ne-arc elona lize-Arc. Isetyenziswe njengomthombo wokukhanya kwiimuvi, ukuprinta, kunye nezinye izicelo zokukhanyisa.

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. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, amasimi enkqubo ye-Dysprosium aya kuqhubeka nokwandisa kwaye wandise.

. Ukufudumeza isisombululo se-DYBBR3 kunye ne-NAF ngoxinzelelo lwe-450 le-450 iiyure ezili-17 ukuya kwi-450 ° C inokuvelisa i-dysprosium fluorider fargers. Ezi zixhobo zinokuhlala kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo ze-aqueghtagh ngaphezulu kwe-100 iiyure ngaphandle kokupheliswa okanye ukwahlula-hlula kumaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwe-400 ° C.

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. I-Dysprosium kunye neekhomputer zayo zineepropathi ezinamandla zemagneti, zibenza ziluncedo kwizixhobo zokugcina zedatha ezinje ngeedrives ezinzima.

. Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezineemfuno zomsebenzi ophezulu ezinjengeemoto zombane zemoto. Iimoto ezisebenzisa olu hlobo lwemagnethi zinokuqulatha ukuya kwi-100 yeegreyitha zedysprosium nganye. Ngokutsho kweToyota's Toy Tyles yonyaka yezithuthi ezi-2, kungekudala iya kukuphumelela ukuba ubonelelo lwe-Dysprosium ngentsimbi. Imagnethi ithathe indawo ye-dysprosium ikwanokunganyangeki okuphezulu.

. Ukuba i-Dysprosium yongezwa njengomxhasi wolwakhiwo kwi-ferrioxide ye-ferrioxide catalyst, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu kweyona nto iphambili iphuculwe. I-Dysprosium Oxide inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-ceramic ephezulu ye-ceramic, kunye ne-MG0-ti0n-ti0n-ti02, esinokusetyenziswa kwi-Delectric, iDeletric, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano.