ILanthanum zirconate(ifomula yeekhemikhali iLa₂Zr₂O₇) yi-ceramic oxide enqabileyo yomhlaba eye yatsala umdla okhulayo kwiimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zokushisa kunye neekhemikhali. Le powder emhlophe, i-refractory (i-CAS No. 12031-48-0, MW 572.25) i-inert yekhemikhali kwaye ayinyibiliki emanzini okanye kwi-asidi. Isakhiwo sayo esizinzile se-crystal ye-pyrochlore kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika (malunga ne-2680 ° C) yenza ukuba ibe yi-insulator ebalaseleyo ye-thermal. Ngapha koko, i-lanthanum zirconate isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukugquma ubushushu kunye nokugquma kwesandi, njengoko kuphawulwe ngababoneleli bezinto. Udibaniso lwalo lwe-thermal conductivity ephantsi kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo luncedo kwi-catalysts kunye ne-fluorescent (photoluminescent) izinto, ezibonisa ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo.
Namhlanje, inzala kwi-lanthanum zirconate iyanda kwiindawo ezinqamlekileyo. Kwi-aerospace kunye nezicelo zamandla, umzekelo, le ceramic ephezulu inokunceda ukudala ukukhanya, iinjini ezisebenzayo kunye nee-turbines. Ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kwe-thermal-barrier kuthetha ukuba ii-injini zinokubaleka zishushu ngaphandle komonakalo, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Ezi mpawu zikwabophelela kwiinjongo zozinzo lwehlabathi: ukugquma okungcono kunye namalungu ahlala ixesha elide anokunciphisa inkcitho yamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ekuveliseni amandla kunye nokuthutha. Ngamafutshane, i-lanthanum zirconate ibekwe njengezinto eziluhlaza zobugcisa obuphezulu obudibanisa ii-ceramics eziphambili kunye ne-clean-energy innovation.
Ubume beCrystal kunye neempawu eziphambili
I-Lanthanum zirconate iyinxalenye yentsapho ye-zirconate enqabileyo yomhlaba, kunye ne-general "A₂B₂O₇" isakhiwo se-pyrochlore (A = La, B = Zr). Esi sikhokelo sekristale sizinzile ngokwendalo: I-LZO ayibonisi tshintsho lwesigaba ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kwindawo yokunyibilika. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayiqhekeki okanye ayitshintshi isakhiwo phantsi komjikelezo wobushushu, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiseramics. Indawo yayo yokunyibilika iphezulu kakhulu (~2680 °C), ibonisa ukomelela kwayo kwe-thermal.
Iimpawu eziphambili zomzimba kunye nobushushu beLa₂Zr₂O₇ ziquka:
● I-thermal conductivity ephantsi:I-LZO iqhuba kakubi kakhulu ubushushu. I-Dense La₂Zr₂O₇ ine-thermal conductivity emalunga ne-1.5–1.8 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ kuphela kwi-1000 °C. Ngokuthelekisa, i-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) eqhelekileyo iphezulu kakhulu. Le conductivity iphantsi ibalulekile kwi-thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) ekhusela iindawo ze-injini.
● Ukwandiswa kwe-thermal ephezulu (CTE):I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (~ 11 × 10⁻⁶ / K kwi-1000 ° C) inkulu. Ngelixa i-CTE ephezulu inokubangela ukuxinezeleka okungafaniyo kunye neengxenye zetsimbi, ubunjineli obucokisekileyo (uyilo lwengubo yebhondi) lunokusingatha oku.
● Sintering resistance:I-LZO ixhathisa ukuxinana kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Le "sintering resistance" inceda i-coating igcine i-microstructure ene-porous, eyimfuneko kwi-thermal insulation.
● Uzinzo kwiMichiza:I-Lanthanum zirconate i-inert yekhemikhali kwaye ibonisa ukumelana ne-oxidation ephezulu yobushushu obuphezulu. Ayiphenduli okanye ibole ngokulula kwiindawo ezinobunzima, kwaye i-lanthanum yayo ezinzileyo kunye ne-zirconium oxides inobungozi bendalo.
● Ukukhutshwa kweoksijini ephantsi:Ngokungafaniyo ne-YSZ, i-LZO ine-ion ephantsi ye-oxygen diffusivity. Kwi-coating ye-thermal barrier, oku kunceda ukucotha i-oxidation yentsimbi engaphantsi, ukwandisa ubomi becandelo.
Ezi zakhiwo zenza i-lanthanum zirconate i-ceramic engaqhelekanga yokukhusela ukushisa. Enyanisweni, abaphandi bagxininisa ukuba i-LZO "i-conductivity ephantsi kakhulu ye-thermal (1.5-1.8 W / m·K kwi-1000 °C kwizinto ezixinene ngokupheleleyo)" yeyona nto iluncedo kwizicelo ze-TBC. Kwiingubo eziphathekayo, i-porosity inokunciphisa i-conductivity nangaphezulu (ngamanye amaxesha phantsi kwe-1 W / m·K).
Ukudibanisa kunye neeFom zeMathiriyeli
I-Lanthanum zirconate idla ngokulungiswa ngokuxuba i-lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) kunye ne-zirconia (ZrO₂) kumaqondo aphezulu. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukusabela kwe-slid-state, i-sol-gel processing, kunye ne-co-precipitation. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, i-powder esiphumo ingenziwa kakuhle kakhulu (i-nano- to micron-scale) okanye i-granulated. Abavelisi abanje nge-EpoMaterial babonelela ngobungakanani bamasuntswana esiko: ukusuka kwi-nanometer powders ukuya kwi-submicron okanye amasuntswana egranulated, kunye neemilo ezingqukuva. Ubunyulu bubalulekile kwizicelo ezisebenza kakhulu; I-LZO yorhwebo ifumaneka kwi-99.5-99.99% yobunyulu.
Ngenxa yokuba i-LZO izinzile, i-powder eluhlaza kulula ukuyiphatha. Kubonakala njengothuli olumhlophe olucolekileyo (njengoko kubonwa kumfanekiso wemveliso ongezantsi). I-powder igcinwe yomile kwaye itywinwe ukukhusela nayiphi na i-adsorption yomswakama, nangona inganyibiliki emanzini kunye ne-acids. Ezi zakhiwo zokuphatha zenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yeeseramics eziphambili kunye neengubo ngaphandle kweengozi ezikhethekileyo.
Umzekelo weFomu yezinto eziphathekayo: I-EpoMaterial's high-purity Lanthanum Zirconate (CAS 12031-48-0) inikezelwa njengomgubo omhlophe olungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-thermal spray. Inokuguqulwa okanye idityaniswe nezinye iiyoni ukuze zicule iipropati.
I-Lanthanum zirconate (i-La2Zr2O7, LZO) luhlobo oluthile lwe-zirconate yomhlaba enqabileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi njenge-insulation heat insulation, i-sound insulation, i-catalyst material, kunye ne-fluorescent material.
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Izicelo kwi-Plasma Spray kunye ne-Thermal Barrier Coatings
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-lanthanum zirconate ifana ne-topcoat kwi-thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Ii-TBCs zizityalwa ezininzi zeseramikhi ezifakwa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ze-injini (ezifana neebhleyidi zeinjini yomoya) ukuzikhusela kubushushu obugqithisileyo. Inkqubo ye-TBC eqhelekileyo inengubo yentsimbi yebhondi kunye ne-topcoat ye-ceramic, enokuthi ifakwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-air plasma spray (APS) okanye i-electron-beam PVD.
I-Lanthanum zirconate ye-thermal conductivity ephantsi kunye nokuzinza kuyenza ibe ngumgqatswa oqinileyo we-TBC. Xa kuthelekiswa neengubo eziqhelekileyo ze-YSZ, i-LZO inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuhamba okuncinci kobushushu kwintsimbi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uphando oluninzi lubiza i-lanthanum zirconate "isixhobo esithembisayo somgqatswa kwizicelo ze-TBC" ngenxa ye-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal. Ngokucacileyo, i-lanthanum zirconate yokugqoka igcina i-gases eshushu kwaye ikhusela isakhiwo esisezantsi naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Inkqubo yokutshiza i-plasma ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwi-La₂Zr₂O₇. Kwi-plasma yokutshiza, i-LZO powder ishushu kwi-jet ye-plasma kwaye iqhutywe phezu komhlaba ukuze yenze i-ceramic layer. Le ndlela idala i-lamellar, i-porous microstructure eyenza i-insulation. Ngokweencwadi zemveliso, i-LZO powder ecocekileyo ijoliswe ngokucacileyo "i-plasma thermal spraying (i-thermal barrier coating)". Isiphumo sokutyabeka sinokulungelelaniswa (umzekelo nge-porosity elawulwayo okanye idoping) kwiimfuno ezithile ze-injini okanye i-aerospace.
Indlela ii-TBCs eziphucula ngayo i-aerospace kunye neenkqubo zamandla: Ngokusebenzisa ii-coatings ezisekelwe kwi-LZO kwiindawo ze-injini, iinjini zeenqwelo-moya kunye nee-turbine zegesi zinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Oku kukhokelela ekutshiseni okusebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nokuphuma kwamandla. Ngokwenyani, iinjineli zifumanise ukuba ii-TBCs "zigcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kwigumbi elitshisayo" kwaye ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal ngelixa zinciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-lanthanum zirconate coatings inceda ukugcina ubushushu apho bufunekayo (ngaphakathi kwegumbi) kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kobushushu, ngoko ke iinjini zisebenzisa amafutha ngokupheleleyo. Le ntsebenziswano phakathi kokugquma okungcono kunye nokutshisa okucocekileyo kuxhasa ukubaluleka kwe-LZO kumandla acocekileyo kunye nokuzinza.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuqina kwe-LZO kwandisa amaxesha okugcina. Ukuchasana kwayo nokuntywila kunye ne-oxidation kuthetha ukuba umaleko we-ceramic uhlala womelele ngemijikelo emininzi yobushushu. I-lanthanum zirconate ye-TBC eyilwe kakuhle inokuthoba ukukhutshwa komjikelo wobomi ngokubanzi ngokunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwenxalenye kunye nexesha lokuphumla. Isishwankathelo, iingubo ze-LZO ezitshizwe ngeplasma ziyitekhnoloji evumela itekhnoloji kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sobuchule obuphezulu bee turbines kunye neenjini ze-aero.
Ezinye ii-Aplikheshini zoShishino
Ngaphaya kwee-TBCs ezitshizwe ngeplasma, iipropathi ezizodwa ze-lanthanum zirconate zisetyenziswa kwiiseramikhi ezahlukeneyo eziphambili:
● I-Heat kunye ne-Sound Insulation: Njengoko kuphawulwe ngabavelisi, i-LZO isetyenziswe kwizinto zokukhusela eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, i-lanthanum zirconate ceramics eneporous inokuthintela ukuhamba kobushushu ngelixa iphinda ithomalalise isandi. Ezi paneli zokukhusela okanye iifibers zingaqeshwa kwi-linings yesithando somlilo okanye izinto zokwakha apho kufuneka khona ukushisa okuphezulu.
● I-Catalysis: I-Lanthanum oxides iyaziwa ngokuba yi-catalysts (umzekelo ekuphuculeni okanye ekulawuleni ungcoliseko), kunye nesakhiwo se-LZO sinokubamba izinto ze-catalytic. Enyanisweni, i-LZO ingasetyenziselwa njengenkxaso okanye icandelo kwi-catalysts ye-gas-phase reaction reaction. Ukuzinza kwayo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwenza kube nomtsalane kwiinkqubo ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-syngas okanye unyango lokukhupha iimoto, nangona imizekelo ethile ye-catalysts ye-La₂Zr₂O₇ isavela kuphando.
● Izinto ze-Optical and Fluorescent Materials: Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-lanthanum zirconate inokudityaniswa kunye nee-ion ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ukudala i-phosphors okanye i-scintillators. Igama lemathiriyeli lide livele kwiinkcazo zemathiriyeli ye-fluorescent. Ngokomzekelo, i-doping LZO nge-cerium okanye i-europium inokuvelisa iikristale ze-luminescent ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu bokukhanyisa okanye ukubonisa itekhnoloji. Amandla ayo ephonon ephantsi (ngenxa yeebhondi ze-oxide) angayenza ibe luncedo kwi-infrared okanye i-scintillation optics.
● Advanced Electronics: Kwezinye izicelo ezizodwa, iifilimu ze-lanthanum zirconate ziphononongwa njenge-low-k (low dielectric) insulators okanye imiqobo yokusabalalisa kwi-microelectronics. Uzinzo lwayo kwi-oxidizing atmosphere kunye nakwii-voltages eziphezulu (ngenxa ye-bandgap ephezulu) inokubonelela ngeenzuzo ngaphezu kwee-oksidi eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi ze-elektroniki.
● Izixhobo zokusika kunye neeNdawo zokuGxila: Nangona kuncinci, ukuqina kwe-LZO kunye nokuchasana kwe-thermal kuthetha ukuba inokusetyenziswa njengento yokukhusela ekhuselweyo kwizixhobo zokusebenza, ezifana nendlela enye i-ceramic coatings esetyenziselwa ukuxhathisa ukugqoka.
Ukuguquguquka kweLa₂Zr₂O₇ kubangelwa yi-ceramic edibanisa i-chemistry enqabileyo yomhlaba kunye nobunzima be-zirconia. Yinxalenye yendlela ebanzi yeeseramikhi “zezirconate zomhlaba ezinqabileyo” (ezifana negadolinium zirconate, ytterbium zirconate, njl.njl.) ezenzelwe iindima ze-niche zobushushu obuphezulu.
IiNzuzo zokusiNgqongileyo kunye noLungelo
I-Lanthanum zirconate inegalelo ekuzinzeni ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa amandla okusebenza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Njenge-insulator ye-thermal, ivumela oomatshini ukuba bafezekise ukusebenza okufanayo kunye ne-fuel encinci. Umzekelo, ukugquma i-injini ye-injini nge-LZO kunokunciphisa ukuvuza kobushushu kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini iyonke. Ukutshiswa kwepetroli okuncitshisiweyo kuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthoba i-CO₂ kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-NOₓ ngeyunithi nganye yamandla. Kolunye uphononongo lwakutsha nje, ukusebenzisa i-LZO yokugquma kwi-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ene-biofuel iphumelele ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-brake ye-thermal kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon monoxide. Olu phuculo luziintlobo kanye zeenzuzo ezifunwayo kwiphulo lokuya kuthutho olucocekileyo kunye neenkqubo zamandla.
I-ceramic ngokwayo i-inert yekhemikhali, oku kuthetha ukuba ayivelisi imveliso eyingozi. Ngokungafaniyo ne-insulators eziphilayo, ayikhuphi iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Enyanisweni, ukuzinza kwayo kubushushu obuphezulu ide iyenze ilungele amafutha asakhulayo kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo (umz. ukutsha kwehydrogen). Naziphi na iinzuzo ezisebenzayo ezibonelelwa yi-LZO kwii-turbines okanye iijenereyitha zandisa inzuzo yozinzo lwamafutha acocekileyo.
Ubomi obude kunye nenkunkuma encitshisiweyo: Ukuchasana kwe-LZO ekuthotyweni (i-sintering kunye ne-oxidation resistance) ithetha ixesha elide lobomi kumacandelo agqunyiweyo. Iblayidi yeinjini yomoya ehlala idyasi ye-LZO ehlala ihleli inokuhlala isebenza ixesha elide kunengagqunywanga, inciphisa imfuno yokutshintshwa kwaye ngaloo ndlela igcina imathiriyeli kunye namandla ethubeni. Oku komelela kuyinzuzo engangqalanga kokusingqongileyo, njengoko ukuveliswa okuncinci kuyadingeka.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela i-rere-earth element. ILanthanum ngumhlaba onqabileyo, kwaye njengazo zonke izinto ezinjalo, ukumbiwa kwayo kunye nokulahlwa kwayo kuphakamisa imibuzo yozinzo. Ukuba ayilawulwa ngendlela eyiyo, ukutsalwa komhlaba okunqabileyo kunokubangela umonakalo kwimo engqongileyo. Uhlalutyo lwakutsha nje luphawule ukuba iingubo ze-lanthanum zirconate "ziqulethe izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, eziphakamisa ukuzinza kunye neenkxalabo zetyhefu ezinxulumene nokumbiwa komhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokulahlwa kwezinto". Oku kugxininisa imfuneko yokukhangela okunenkathalo kwe-La₂Zr₂O₇ kunye nezicwangciso ezinokubakho zokurisayikilishwa kwezaleko ezichithiweyo. Iinkampani ezininzi kwicandelo lezinto eziphambili (kubandakanywa nabanikezeli be-epomaterial) bayayikhumbula le nto kwaye bagxininisa ubunyulu kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kwimveliso.
Isishwankathelo, impembelelo yendalo engqongileyo yokusebenzisa i-lanthanum zirconate ngokuqhelekileyo ilungile xa ukusebenza kwayo kunye neenzuzo zobomi zifezekiswa. Ngokuvumela ukutshisa okucocekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide, ii-ceramics ezisekelwe kwi-LZO zinokunceda amashishini ahlangabezane neethagethi zamandla aluhlaza. Ulawulo olunoxanduva lomjikelo wobomi bemathiriyeli yingqwalasela ephambili efanayo.
Ujongo lwekamva kunye neeNdlela
Ukujonga phambili, i-lanthanum zirconate ikulungele ukukhula ngokubaluleka njengoko imveliso ephezulu kunye nococeko lobuchwephesha buqhubeka nokuvela:
● Iiturbines zesiZukulwana esilandelayo:Njengoko iinqwelomoya kunye nee turbines zamandla zityhala amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza (ukusebenza kakuhle okanye ukulungelelaniswa kwamanye amafutha), izinto ze-TBC ezifana ne-LZO ziya kubaluleka. Kukho uphando oluqhubekayo kwi-multi-layer coatings apho umaleko we-lanthanum zirconate okanye i-doped LZO ihleli ngaphezu komgangatho we-YSZ wendabuko, udibanisa iipropati ezingcono kakhulu nganye.
● I-Aerospace kunye noKhuselo:Ukumelana nokusasazeka kwemitha (okuphawulwe kwezinye izifundo) kunokwenza ukuba kube nomtsalane kwindawo okanye kwizicelo zokhuselo lwenyukliya. Ukuzinza kwayo phantsi kwe-particle irradiation yindawo yophando olusebenzayo.
● Izixhobo zokuguqulela amandla:Nangona i-LZO ingekho ngokwesiko i-electrolyte, uphando oluthile luphonononga izinto ezinxulumene ne-lanthanum-based cell cell fuel cell kunye neeseli ze-electrolysis. (Amaxesha amaninzi, i-La₂Zr₂O₇ yenza ngokungalindelekanga kwi-interface ye-lanthanum cobaltite electrode kunye ne-electrolytes ye-YSZ.) Oku kubonisa ukuhambelana kwayo kunye neendawo ezinzima ze-electrochemical, ezinokuthi zikhuthaze uyilo olutsha lwee-reactors ze-thermochemical okanye i-heat exchangers.
● ULungiselelo lweMathiriyeli:Imfuno yemarike yeeseramikhi ezikhethekileyo iyanda. Ababoneleli ngoku abanikezeli kuphela i-LZO ephezulu yococeko kodwa ukwahluka kwe-ion-doped (umzekelo, ukongeza i-samarium, i-gadolinium, njl. I-EpoMaterial ikhankanya ukukwazi ukuvelisa "i-ion doping kunye nokuguqulwa" kwe-lanthanum zirconate. I-doping enjalo inokulungelelanisa iipropati ezifana nokwandiswa kwe-thermal okanye i-conductivity, evumela iinjineli ukuba zilungelelanise i-ceramic kwizithintelo ezithile zobunjineli.
● Iintsingiselo zehlabathi:Ngokugxininiswa kwehlabathi ngokuzinza kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, izinto ezifana ne-lanthanum zirconate ziya kutsala ingqalelo. Indima yayo ekwenzeni iinjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo zidibanise nemigangatho yoqoqosho lwamafutha kunye nemithetho ecocekileyo yamandla. Ngapha koko, uphuhliso kushicilelo lwe-3D kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-ceramic kunokwenza kube lula ukubumba amacandelo e-LZO okanye iingubo ngeendlela ezintsha.
Ngokwenene, i-lanthanum zirconate ibonisa indlela i-chemistry ye-ceramic yendabuko ihlangabezana neemfuno ze-21st-century. Indibaniselwano yayo yezinto ezinqabileyo zokuguquguquka komhlaba kunye nokuqina kweceramic kuyilungelelanisa nemimandla ebalulekileyo: ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya okuzinzileyo, ukuveliswa kwamandla, nangaphaya. Njengoko uphando luqhubeka (jonga uphononongo lwakutsha nje kwi-LZO-based TBCs), izicelo ezitsha ziya kuvela, ziqinise ngakumbi ukubaluleka kwazo kumhlaba wezinto ezihambele phambili.
ILanthanum zirconateLa₂Zr₂O₇) yiceramic esebenza kakhulu edibanisa eyona chemistry inqabileyo-earth oxide kunye nokugqunyelelwa kwe-thermal. Ngokuhamba kwayo okuphantsi kwe-thermal, ukuzinza okuphezulu kobushushu, kunye nesakhiwo se-pyrochlore esomeleleyo, ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwi-plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings kunye nezinye izicelo zokugquma. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwii-TBCs ze-aerospace kunye neenkqubo zamandla kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, igalelo kwiinjongo zozinzo. Abavelisi abanje nge-EpoMaterial banikezela ngomgubo we-LZO wobunyulu obuphezulu ngokukodwa kwezi zicelo zokusika. Njengoko amashishini ehlabathi etyhalela kumandla acocekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele, i-lanthanum zirconate igqama njengeceramic ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji - enokunceda ukugcina iinjini zipholile, izakhiwo zomelele, kunye neenkqubo eziluhlaza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-11-2025