ILanthanide
Lanthanide, lanthanid
Ingcaciso: Iinkalo 57 ukuya 71 kwi periodic table. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lezinto ezili-15 ukusuka kwi-lanthanum ukuya kwi-lutetium. Ichazwe njengoLn. Ukucwangciswa kwe-electron ye-valence yi-4f0 ~ 145d0 ~ 26s2, eyingxenye yenguqu yangaphakathi;Lanthanumngaphandle 4f electrons kwakhona ngaphandle kwinkqubo lanthanide.
Ukuziphatha: Ikhemistri_ I-Inorganic chemistry_ Elements kunye ne-Inorganic chemistry
Amagama anxulumeneyo: isiponji se-hydrogen i-Nickel-ibhetri ye-hydride yesinyithi
Iqela le-15 yezinto ezifanayo phakathi kwe-lanthanum kunyeilutetiumkwiperiodic table ibizwa ngokuba yiLanthanide. ILanthanum yinto yokuqala kwiLanthanide, eneSimboli yeMichiza enguLa kunye nenombolo yeAtomic 57. ILanthanum yinto ethambileyo (inokusikwa ngokuthe ngqo ngemela), iductile, kunye nesilivere emhlophe yentsimbi ethi ngokuthe ngcembe iphulukane nokubengezela kwayo xa ivezwe emoyeni. Nangona i-lanthanum ihlelwa njengento enqabileyo yomhlaba, umxholo wayo we-element kwi-crust ubeka i-28th, phantse ngokuphindwe kathathu kunelothe. I-Lanthanum ayinayo ityhefu ekhethekileyo emzimbeni womntu, kodwa inomsebenzi othile we-antibacterial.
Iikhompawundi zeLanthanum zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-catalysts, izongezo zeglasi, izibane zekhabhoni ze-arc kwizibane zokufota okanye iiprojektha ze-studio, iinxalenye zokukhanyisa kwizibane kunye neetotshi, iityhubhu ze-cathode ray, i-scintillators, i-electrode ye-GTAW, kunye nezinye iimveliso.
Esinye sezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa i-anode yebhetri ye-nickel-metal hydride yiLa (Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7). Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokususa enye iLanthanide, iLanthanum esulungekileyo iya kutshintshwa yintsimbi exutywe nenqabileyo yomhlaba equlethe ngaphezu kwe-50% yelanthanum. Ingxubevange yesiponji seHydrojeni inelanthanum, enokugcina ukuya kutsho kuma-400 umthamo wayo we-hydrogen ngexesha le-adsorption ebuyiselwa umva kwaye ikhuphe amandla obushushu. Ke ngoko, i-hydrogen sponge alloys ingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokonga amandla.I-Lanthanum oxidekwayeLanthanum hexaboridezisetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezishushu zecathode kwiityhubhu ze-electron vacuum. Ikristale yeLanthanum hexaboride kukukhanya okuphezulu kunye nobomi obude obushushu bokukhutshwa kwe-electron kwiimicroscopes ze-electron kunye ne-Hall-effect thruster.
ILanthanum trifluoride isetyenziswa njengesibane se-fluorescent, ixutywe neEuropium(III) fluoride,kwaye isetyenziswe njengefilimu yekristale ye-fluoride ion electrode ekhethiweyo. ILanthanum trifluoride ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeglasi yefluoride enzima ebizwa ngokuba yiZBLAN. Inokuhanjiswa okugqwesileyo kuluhlu lwe-infrared kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical. I-Cerium idibeneILanthanum(III) bromidekwayeILanthanum(III) chloridezineempawu zemveliso yokukhanya okuphezulu, isisombululo esifanelekileyo samandla kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Zizinto ze-inorganic Scintillator, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintengiso ye-neutron kunye ne-γ A detector ye-radiation. Iglasi eyongeziweyo nge-Lanthanum oxide inesalathisi esiphezulu se-refractive kunye ne-dispersion ephantsi, kwaye inokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali yeglasi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iglasi ekhethekileyo yamehlo, efana neglasi yokufunxa ye-infrared, kwiikhamera kunye neelensi zeteleskopu. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-lanthanum kwintsimbi kunokuphucula ukuchasana kwempembelelo kunye ne-ductility, ngelixa ukongeza i-lanthanum kwi-molybdenum kunokunciphisa ubunzima bayo kunye novelwano kwiinguqu zeqondo lokushisa. I-Lanthanum kunye neekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (i-oxides, i-chlorides, njl.) zizinto ze-catalysts ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-cracking reaction catalysts.
ILanthanum carbonateivunyiwe njengechiza. Xa i-hyperphosphatemia isenzeka ekungaphumeleli kwezintso, ukuthatha iLanthanum carbonate kunokulawula i-phosphate kwi-serum ukuze ifikelele kwinqanaba ekujoliswe kulo. I-Lanthanum eguqulwe i-bentonite inokususa i-phosphate emanzini ukuphepha i-Eutrophication yamanzi echibi. Iimveliso ezininzi zamadama okuqubha ezihlanjululweyo ziqulethe i-lanthanum encinci, ekwakukususa i-phosphate kunye nokunciphisa ukukhula kwe-algae. NjengeHorseradish peroxidase, i-lanthanum isetyenziswa njenge-electron dense tracer kwi-biology ye-molecular.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-01-2023