Ukukhutshwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwei-gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃)yimiba ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo eneenkcukacha:
一、 Indlela yokukhupha i-gadolinium oxide
I-Gadolinium oxide idla ngokukhutshwa kwi-ore yomhlaba enqabileyo equlethe i-gadolinium, i-ores eqhelekileyo iquka i-monazite kunye ne-bastnäsite. Inkqubo yotsalo ikakhulu ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
1. Ukubola kwentsimbi:
I-ore yomhlaba enqabileyo ichithwa yi-asidi okanye indlela yealkaline.
Indlela ye-Acid: Phatha intsimbi ekrwada nge-asidi yesulfuric exutyiweyo okanye i-hydrochloric acid ukuguqula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zibe ziityuwa ezinyibilikayo.
Indlela yealkaline: Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide okanye i-potassium hydroxide ukunyibilikisa i-ore kubushushu obuphezulu ukuguqula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zibe ziihydroxides.
2.Ukwahlulwa komhlaba okunqabileyo:
Yahlula i-gadolinium kwizisombululo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezixutywe ngokutsalwa kwe-solvent okanye ukutshintshiselana kwe-ion.
Indlela yotsalo lwe-solvent: Sebenzisa izinyibilikisi ze-organic (ezifana ne-tributyl phosphate) ukukhetha iiyoni ze-gadolinium.
Indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion: Sebenzisa i-ion exchange resin ukwahlula i-gadolinium ions.
3. Ukucocwa kwegadolinium:
Ngokusetyenziswa kwee-extractions ezininzi okanye utshintshiselwano lwe-ion, ezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nokungcola ziyasuswa ukufumana i-high-purity gadolinium compounds (njenge-gadolinium chloride okanye i-gadolinium nitrate).
4.Uguqulo kwi-gadolinium oxide:
I-compound ye-gadolinium ecocekileyo (efana ne-gadolinium nitrate okanye i-gadolinium oxalate) i-calcined kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukubola kunye nokwenza i-gadolinium oxide.
Umzekelo wokuphendula: 2 Gd(NO₃)₃ → Gd₂O₃ + 6 NO₂ + 3/2 O₂
二、Ukulungiselela indlela ye-gadolinium oxide
1.Indlela yokubala ubushushu obuphezulu:
Iityuwa ze-calcine gadolinium (ezifana ne-gadolinium nitrate, i-gadolinium oxalate okanye i-gadolinium carbonate) kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-800 ° C) ukubola kunye nokwenza i-gadolinium oxide.
Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokulungiselela kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso enkulu.
2.Indlela yeHydrothermal:
I-Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles iveliswa ngokuphendula i-gadolinium salts kunye nezisombululo ze-alkaline phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lweemeko ze-hydrothermal.
Le ndlela inokulungiselela i-high-purity gadolinium oxide kunye nobukhulu besuntswana elifanayo.
3.Indlela yeSol-gel:
Iityuwa zeGadolinium zixutywe kunye ne-organic precursors (ezifana ne-citric acid) ukwenza i-sol, ethi emva koko i-gelled, yomiswe kwaye ifakwe i-calcined ukufumana i-gadolinium oxide.
Le ndlela ifanelekile ukulungiselela i-nano-scale gadolinium oxide powder.
三、 Iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zokugcina i-gadolinium oxide
I-Gadolinium oxide izinzile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kodwa le miqathango yogcino ilandelayo isafanele iqatshelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwezinto:
1.Ubungqina bokufuma:
I-Gadolinium oxide inomlinganiselo othile we-hygroscopicity kwaye kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo ukuze igweme ukudibanisa nomswakama.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isitya esivaliweyo kwaye ungeze i-desiccant (njenge-silica gel).
2.Ubungqina bokukhanya:
I-Gadolinium oxide inovakalelo ekukhanyeni, kwaye ukuvezwa kwexesha elide ekukhanyeni okunamandla kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo.
Kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, emnyama.
3.Ulawulo lobushushu:
Iqondo lokushisa lokugcina kufuneka lilawulwe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba leqondo lokushisa (15-25 ° C), ukuphepha iindawo eziphezulu okanye eziphantsi.
Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela utshintsho lwesakhiwo kwi-gadolinium oxide, kwaye ubushushu obuphantsi bunokubangela i-hygroscopicity.
4.Kuphephe ukudibana neasidi:
I-Gadolinium oxide yi-alkaline oxide kwaye iya kusabela ngobundlobongela nge-asidi.
Gcina kude kwizinto ezine-acidic ngexesha lokugcinwa.
5. Thintela uthuli:
I-Gadolinium oxide powder inokucaphukisa indlela yokuphefumula kunye nolusu.
Sebenzisa izikhongozeli ezivaliweyo xa ugcina kwaye unxiba izixhobo zokukhusela (ezifana neemaski kunye neiglavu) xa uphethe.
IV. Ukulumkela
1.Ityhefu:I-Gadolinium oxide ngokwayo iphantsi kwi-toxicity, kodwa uthuli lwayo lunokucaphukisa indlela yokuphefumula kunye nolusu, ngoko ke ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kufuneka kugwenywe.
2.Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma:Inkunkuma ye-gadolinium oxide kufuneka ihlaziywe okanye iphathwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokuphatha iikhemikhali ezinobungozi ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kwendalo.
Ngokusebenzisa oku ngasentla, ukulungiswa kunye neendlela zokugcina, umgangatho ophezulu we-gadolinium oxide unokufumaneka ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo kwimimandla yezinto zamagnetic, izixhobo ze-optical, imaging yonyango, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2025