Njenge-alloy ekhanyayo ebalulekileyo kwisixhobo sothutho ngenqwelomoya, iipropathi ze-macroscopic zomatshini we-aluminium alloy zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwi-microstructure yayo. Ngokutshintsha izinto eziphambili ze-alloying kwi-aluminium alloy structure, i-microstructure ye-aluminium alloy inokuguqulwa, kunye neempawu ze-macroscopic mechanical kunye nezinye iimpawu (ezifana nokuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding) yezinto eziphathekayo zingaphuculwa kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-microalloying iye yaba sesona sicwangciso sithembisayo sophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuphucula i-microstructure ye-aluminium alloys kunye nokuphucula iimpawu ezibanzi ze-aluminium alloy materials.Scandium(Sc) sesona siphuculi sisebenzayo se-microalloying eyaziwa ngealloyi ze-aluminiyam. I-solubility ye-scandium kwi-matrix ye-aluminium ingaphantsi kwe-0.35 wt.%, Ukongeza izixa ze-scandium kwi-alloys ye-aluminium inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo i-microstructure yazo, iphucule ngokubanzi amandla abo, ukuqina, iplastiki, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. I-Scandium ineempembelelo zomzimba ezininzi kwii-alloys ze-aluminium, kubandakanywa ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo, ukuqiniswa kwamaqhekeza, kunye nokuvinjelwa kwe-recrystallization. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa uphuhliso lwembali, inkqubela phambili yamva nje, kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwescandium equlethe ialloys ze-aluminiyam kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zenqwelomoya.
Uphando kunye noPhuhliso lweAluminium Scandium Alloy
Ukongezwa kwe-scandium njengento edibeneyo kwi-alloys ye-aluminium inokulandelwa emva kwe-1960s. Ngelo xesha, uninzi lomsebenzi lwenziwa kwi-binary Al Sc kunye ne-ternary AlMg Sc alloy systems. Ngomnyaka we-1970, i-Baykov Institute of Metallurgy kunye neSayensi yeZitho zeSayensi yeSoviet Academy yeSayensi kunye ne-All Russian Institute of Light Alloy Research yenza uphando olucwangcisiweyo malunga nefom kunye nenkqubo ye-scandium kwi-alloys ye-aluminium. Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe ngamashumi amane yomgudu, amabakala ali-14 e-aluminium scandium alloys aye aphuhliswa kwiichungechunge ezintathu eziphambili (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). I-solubility ye-athomu ye-scandium kwi-aluminium iphantsi, kwaye ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zonyango lokushisa, i-high-density Al3Sc nano precipitates inokunyuka. Esi sigaba semvula siphantse sibe ngqukuva, sinamasuntswana amancinci kunye nokusabalalisa, kwaye sinobudlelwane obuhle obuhambelanayo kunye ne-aluminium matrix, enokuphucula kakhulu amandla obushushu begumbi le-alloys ye-aluminium. Ukongeza, i-Al3Sc nano precipitates inozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal kunye nokumelana nokuqina kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngaphakathi kwe-400 ℃), eluncedo kakhulu ekuxhathiseni ubushushu bealloyi. Kwi-Russian eyenziwe nge-aluminium scandium alloys, i-alloy ye-1570 iye yatsala ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nesicelo esibanzi. Le ngxubevange ibonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kuluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo lwe--196 ℃ ukuya kwi-70 ℃ kwaye ine-superplasticity yendalo, enokungena endaweni ye-Russian eyenziwe i-LF6 i-aluminium alloy (i-aluminium magnesium alloy yenziwe ikakhulu nge-aluminiyam, i-magnesium, ubhedu, i-manganese, kunye ne-silicon) yokuphucula i-oksijini yomthwalo ophakathi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-oksijini ephakathi. Ukongeza, iRussia ikwaphuhlise i-aluminiyam zinc magnesium scandium alloys, emelwe yi1970, inamandla ezinto ezingaphezulu kwe-500MPa.
Ubume boShishino lweIngxubevange yeAluminiyam Scandium
Kwi-2015, i-European Union yakhupha "i-European Metallurgical Roadmap: Amathuba aBavelisi kunye nabaSebenzi bokugqibela", ecebisa ukuba bafunde i-weldability ye-aluminium.i-magnesium scandium alloys. NgoSeptemba 2020, i-European Union yakhupha uluhlu lwemithombo ye-29 ebalulekileyo yezimbiwa, kuquka i-scandium. I-5024H116 i-aluminium magnesium scandium alloy ephuhliswe yi-Ale Aluminium eJamani inamandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu kunye nokunyamezela umonakalo omkhulu, okwenza kube yinto ethembisayo kakhulu yesikhumba se-fuselage. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo ye-2xxx ye-aluminiyam ye-alloys ye-aluminiyam kwaye ifakwe kwi-Airbus 'AIMS03-01-055 incwadi yokuthengwa kwezinto. I-5028 libakala eliphuculweyo le-5024, elilungele i-laser welding kunye ne-friction stir welding. Iyakwazi ukufezekisa inkqubo yokwakheka kwe-hyperbolic integral wall panels, enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion kwaye ayifuni ukugquma kwe-aluminium. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-alloy ye-2524, ulwakhiwo lwepaneli yodonga ngokubanzi lwe-fuselage lunokufikelela kwi-5% yokunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo. I-AA5024-H116 ye-aluminium alloy alloy sheet eveliswe yiNkampani ye-Aili Aluminium isetyenziselwe ukuvelisa i-fuselage yeenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo se-spacecraft. Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bephepha le-alloy ye-AA5024-H116 yi-1.6mm ukuya kwi-8.0mm, kwaye ngenxa yoxinano oluphantsi, iipropathi ezinomatshini ophakathi, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion, kunye nokutenxa okungqongqo, kunokungena endaweni ye-2524 ialloy njengesixhobo sesikhumba se-fuselage. Okwangoku, iphepha le-alloy le-AA5024-H116 liqinisekisiwe yi-Airbus AIMS03-04-055. NgoDisemba 2018, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi lwaseTshayina likhuphe "Ikhathalogu yokuKhokela kwiBatch yokuQala yeSicelo sokuBonisa izinto eziNtsha eziPhambili (uHlelo lwe-2018)", olubandakanya "i-high-purity scandium oxide" kwikhathalogu yophuhliso lweshishini lezinto ezintsha. Ngo-2019, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi yaseTshayina yakhupha "Ikhathalogu yeSikhokelo kwiSiqendu sokuQala sokuBonisa iSicelo sezinto eziNtsha eziNtsha (uHlelo luka-2019)", olubandakanya "i-Sc equlethe izinto zokusetyenzwa kwe-aluminium alloy kunye neengcingo ze-Al Si Sc" kwikhathalogu yophuhliso lweshishini lezinto ezintsha. I-China Aluminium Group Northeast Light Alloy iphuhlise i-Al Mg Sc Zr series 5B70 alloy equkethe i-scandium kunye ne-zirconium. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Al Mg yendabuko i-alloy ye-5083 i-alloy ngaphandle kwe-scandium kunye ne-zirconium, isivuno sayo kunye namandla okuqina kuye kwanda ngaphezu kwe-30%. Ngaphezu koko, i-alloy ye-Al Mg Sc Zr inokugcina ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion efanayo kwi-alloy ye-5083. Okwangoku, amashishini aphambili asekhaya anebakala loshishinoi-aluminium scandium alloyumthamo wemveliso yiNkampani ye-Northeast Light Alloy kunye ne-Southwest Aluminium Industry. Ubungakanani obukhulu be-5B70 ye-aluminium scandium alloy sheet ephuhliswe yiNortheast Light Alloy Co., Ltd. inokubonelela ngeepleyiti ezinkulu ze-aluminium alloy kunye nobukhulu obukhulu be-70mm kunye nobubanzi obukhulu be-3500mm; Iimveliso zeshiti elicekethekileyo kunye neemveliso zeprofayili zingenziwa ngokwezifiso zemveliso, kunye noluhlu lobuninzi be-2mm ukuya kwi-6mm kunye nobubanzi obukhulu be-1500mm. IAluminiyam yaseMazantsi ntshona iye yaphuhlisa ngokuzimeleyo 5K40 imathiriyeli kwaye yenza inkqubela ebonakalayo ekuphuhliseni amacwecwe amancinci. I-Al Zn Mg ialloy lixesha lokuqina kwealloyi enamandla amakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwe-welding. Yinto eyimfuneko kwaye ibalulekileyo kwizinto zothutho kwizithuthi zangoku ezifana neenqwelomoya. Ngokwesiseko samandla aphakathi weldable AlZn Mg, ukongeza i-scandium kunye ne-zirconium alloy elements zingenza i-Al3 encinci kwaye ihlakazeke i-nanoparticles kwi-microstructure, iphucula kakhulu iipropati ze-mechanical kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion resistance ye-alloy. IZiko loPhando laseLangley leNASA liphuhlise i-ternary aluminium scandium alloy kunye nebakala le-C557, elilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiimishini zemodeli. Amandla angaguqukiyo, ukwanda kokuqhekeka, kunye nokuqina kokwaphuka kwale ngxubevange kubushushu obuphantsi (-200 ℃), ubushushu begumbi, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (107 ℃) zonke zilingana okanye zingcono kunezo ze-2524 alloy. IYunivesithi yaseMntla-ntshona eUnited States iphuhlise i-AlZn Mg Sc ingxubevange ye-7000 uthotho lwe-alluminiyamu yamandla aphezulu aphezulu, anamandla okuqina ukuya kuthi ga kwi-680MPa. Ipateni yophuhliso oluhlangeneyo phakathi kwamandla aphezulu e-aluminium scandium alloy kunye ne-ultra-high i-Al Zn Mg Sc yenziwe. I-Al Zn Mg Cu Sc ingxubevange yi-alloy ye-aluminiyam yokuqina okuphezulu kunye namandla anamandla angaphezu kwe-800 MPa. Okwangoku, ukwakheka okuqhelekileyo kunye neeparamitha zentsebenzo ezisisiseko zamabakala aphambili ei-aluminium scandium alloyzishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuLuhlu 1 no-2.
Itheyibhile 1 | Ukuqulunqwa okuNgenisiweyo kweAluminiyam yeScandium Alloy
Uluhlu 2 | Ubume beMicrostructure kunye nePropati yeTensile yeAluminiyam Scandium Alloy
Amathuba okusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium scandium alloy
Amandla aphezulu e-Al Zn Mg Cu Sc kunye ne-Al CuLi Sc i-alloys isetyenziswe kumacandelo esakhiwo esithwala umthwalo, kuquka i-Russian MiG-21 kunye ne-MiG-29 fighter jets. Ideshibhodi yesiphekepheke saseRashiya "i-Mars-1" yenziwe nge-alloy ye-aluminium ye-1570 ye-aluminium scandium, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima be-20%.Izixhobo ezithwala umthwalo wemodyuli yesixhobo se-spacecraft ye-Mars-96 zenziwe nge-1970 i-aluminium alloy equkethe i-scandium, ukunciphisa ubunzima besixhobo semodyuli ye-"Flight" ye-10 yeprogram ye-"Clean" ye-10 ye-EU kunye ne-10 ye-EU ye-20%. Indlela” iprojekthi, i-Airbus iqhube uyilo oludityanisiweyo lomnyango wokubambisa imithwalo, uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukwenziwa, kunye novavanyo lokufakela iinqwelomoya zovavanyo lwenqwelomoya ye-A321 esekwe kwibakala lokulandela i-AA5028-H116 i-aluminium scandium alloy ye-5024 aluminium scandium alloy. ukuwelda kwe-laser ukuphumeza uqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo lwe-scandium equlethe izinto ze-aluminium alloy Ukuphunyezwa ngokuthe ngcembe "kwe-welding endaweni ye-riveting" kwi-aircraft eyomeleziweyo izakhiwo zepleyiti ezibhityileyo azigcini nje ukugcina ukuhambelana kwezixhobo zenqwelomoya kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo, ukufezekisa ukuveliswa okusebenzayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa kunokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokutywinwa kophando lwe-Acluminiyamu ye-5B yophando lwe-Asluminiyamu ye-China iye yaphula itekhnoloji yokujikeleza okuqinileyo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zodonga, ukulawulwa kokumelana nokukhula kunye nokulinganisa amandla, kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo lwentsalela ye-welding Ilungiselele i-aluminium scandium alloy adaptive welding wire, kunye nomlinganiso wamandla odibeneyo we-friction ye-welding yeepleyiti ezishinyeneyo kwi-alloy inokufikelela kwi-0.92, i-Space Academy yovavanyo olubanzi kunye novavanyo olubanzi lweYunivesithi yaseTshayina Izinto ze-5B70, eziphuculweyo kwaye ziphindaphinda iskimu sokukhetha izinto ze-5A06, kwaye sele iqalile ukusebenzisa i-5B70 ye-aluminium alloy kwisakhiwo esiphambili sephaneli yodonga oluqinisiweyo lwesikhululo esitywiniweyo kunye nekhabhinethi yokubuya Ngelixa uphucula ukuqina kunye namandla, kunciphisa inani kunye nobunzima bezinto ezidibanisayo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ubunzima ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokukhuthazwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-5B70 yezinto eziphathekayo kuya kwandisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kudlule umlinganiselo omncinci wokubonelela, okuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kunye nomgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu izinto eziluhlaza Ingxubevange iphuculwe nge-scandium microalloying, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokunqongophala kwe-scandium umda wesicelo soluhlu lwe-aluminium scandium alloys xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-aluminium ze-aluminium ezifana ne-Al Cu, i-Al Zn, i-Al ZnMg, i-scandium equlethe izinto ze-aluminium ezixubileyo zineepropati ezintle ezibanzi, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kubenza babe neempawu ezibalaseleyo zokwenziwa kwe-prostructural. Imimandla yemizi-mveliso efana ne-aerospace ngokuqhubekayo kophando lwe-scandium microalloying technology kunye nokuphuculwa kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokulinganisa i-industrial chain, amaxabiso kunye neendleko ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso ye-scandium ye-aluminium alloys iya kuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe iipropati zomatshini, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye neempawu ezicacileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium kunye ne-accessory ecacileyo ye-aluminiyam. intsimi yokwenziwa kwezixhobo zokubhabha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-29-2024