Barium e Bolognite

iarium, isiqalelo sama-56 soluhlu lweperiodic.

I-Barium hydroxide, i-barium chloride, i-barium sulfate… zizinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiincwadi zesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ngowe-1602, izazi zealchemist zasentshona zafumanisa ilitye laseBologna (elikwabizwa ngokuba “lilitye lelanga”) elinokuvelisa ukukhanya. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi luneekristale ezincinci zokukhanya, eziya kuthi gqolo zikhuphe ukukhanya emva kokuvezwa kukukhanya kwelanga. Ezi mpawu zazinomdla kwi-wizards kunye ne-alchemists. Ngomnyaka we-1612, isazinzulu uJulio Cesare Lagara wapapasha incwadi ethi "De Phenomenis e-Orbe Lunae", eyabhala isizathu sokukhanya kwelitye le-Bologna njengoko liphuma kwicandelo layo eliphambili, i-barite (BaSO4). Nangona kunjalo, kwi-2012, iingxelo zibonise ukuba isizathu sokwenyani sokukhanya kwelitye le-Bologna savela kwi-barium sulfide efakwe kwi-ion monovalent kunye ne-divalent yethusi. Ngomnyaka we-1774, i-chemist yaseSweden uScheler wafumanisa i-barium oxide waza wayibiza ngokuthi "iBaryta" (umhlaba onzima), kodwa i-barium yensimbi ayizange ifumaneke. Kwada kwada kwangowe-1808 ukuba isazi samachiza saseBritani uDavid wafumana isinyithi esisezantsi sokucoceka kwi-barite ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, eyayiyi-barium. Kamva yathiywa ngegama lesiGrike elithi barys (elinzima) kunye nophawu olusisiseko uBa. Igama lesiTshayina elithi “Ba” lisuka kwiKangxi Dictionary, elithetha intsimbi yobhedu enganyibilikiyo.

Intsimbi yeBariumiyasebenza kakhulu kwaye isabela ngokulula emoyeni namanzi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukususa umkhondo werhasi kwityhubhu yokufunxa kunye neetyhubhu zemifanekiso, kunye nokwenza ialloys, iziqhushumbisi kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya. Ngomnyaka we-1938, izazinzulu zafumanisa i-barium xa zifunda iimveliso emva kokubhobhoza i-uranium nge-neutron ecothayo, kwaye yaqikelela ukuba i-barium kufuneka ibe yenye yeemveliso ze-uranium yenyukliya fission. Ngaphandle kokufunyanwa okuninzi malunga ne-metallic barium, abantu basasebenzisa iikhompawundi ze-barium rhoqo.

Ikhompawundi yokuqala esetyenzisiweyo yayiyi-barite - i-barium sulfate. Singayifumana kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nebala elimhlophe kwiphepha lefoto, ipeyinti, iiplastiki, iingubo zemoto, ikhonkrithi, i-samente enganyangekiyo kwi-radiation, unyango lwezonyango, njl. ukutya ngexesha gastroscopy. Ukutya kwe-Barium “- umgubo omhlophe ongenavumba kwaye ongenancasa, onganyibilikiyo emanzini nakwi-oyile, kwaye awuyi kufunxwa yi-gastrointestinal mucosa, kwaye awuyi kuchatshazelwa yi-asidi yesisu kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba. Ngenxa ye-athomu enkulu ye-athomu yomlinganiso we-barium, inokuvelisa umphumo we-photoelectric nge-X-reyi, i-ray-ray yeempawu ze-X-reyi, kwaye yenza inkungu kwifilimu emva kokudlula kwizicubu zomntu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuchasana kokubonisa, ukwenzela ukuba izitho okanye izicubu kunye kunye ne-agent echaseneyo zingabonisa umehluko ohlukeneyo omnyama nomhlophe kwifilimu, ukwenzela ukuba kuphunyezwe umphumo wokuhlola, kwaye ubonise ngokwenene utshintsho lwe-pathological kwilungu lomntu. I-Barium ayiyona nto ibalulekileyo kubantu, kwaye i-barium sulfate engaxutywanga isetyenziswe kwisidlo se-barium, ngoko ayiyi kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumzimba womntu.

Kodwa enye iminerali ye-barium eqhelekileyo, i-barium carbonate, yahlukile. Ngegama layo nje, umntu unokuxela umonakalo wayo. Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwayo kunye ne-barium sulfate kukuba i-soluble emanzini kunye ne-asidi, ivelisa i-ion ye-barium eninzi, ekhokelela kwi-hypokalemia. Ityhefu yetyuwa ye-barium ebukhali inqabile ngokwentelekiso, idla ngokubangelwa kukungenwa ngengozi kweetyuwa ze-barium ezinyibilikayo. Iimpawu ziyafana ne-acute gastroenteritis, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye esibhedlele ukuze uhlambe isisu okanye uthathe i-sodium sulfate okanye i-sodium thiosulfate yokukhupha. Ezinye izityalo zinomsebenzi wokufunxa kunye nokuqokelela i-barium, njenge-algae eluhlaza, efuna ukuba i-barium ikhule kakuhle; Amantongomane aseBrazil aqulethe i-1% ye-barium, ngoko kubalulekile ukuwasebenzisa ngokumodareyitha. Nangona kunjalo, i-burner isenendima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni imichiza. Lilungu le-glaze. Xa idibene nezinye i-oxides, inokuphinda ibonise umbala oyingqayizivele, osetyenziswa njengento encedisayo kwiingubo ze-ceramic kunye neglasi ye-optical.

Umfuniselo we-chemical endothermic reaction uqhele ukwenziwa nge-barium hydroxide: emva kokuxuba i-barium hydroxide eqinileyo kunye netyuwa ye-ammonium, ukusabela okunamandla kwe-endothermic kunokwenzeka. Ukuba amathontsi ambalwa amanzi athotywa emazantsi enkonkxa, umkhenkce owenziwe ngamanzi unokubonwa, kwaye namaqhekeza eglasi anokukhenkceka aze ancamathele emazantsi esitya. I-Barium hydroxide ine-alkalinity eyomeleleyo kwaye isetyenziswa njenge-catalyst yokwenza i-phenolic resins. Inokwahlula kwaye ikhuphe i-ion ye-sulfate kwaye ivelise iityuwa ze-barium. Ngokumalunga nohlalutyo, ukuzimisela komxholo we-carbon dioxide emoyeni kunye nohlalutyo lobuninzi be-chlorophyll lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-barium hydroxide. Ukuveliswa kweetyuwa ze-barium, abantu baye baqulunqa isicelo esinomdla kakhulu: ukubuyiselwa kwemizobo yaseludongeni emva komkhukula eFlorence ngo-1966 kwagqitywa ngokusabela nge-gypsum (calcium sulfate) ukuvelisa i-barium sulfate.

Enye i-barium equkethe iikhompawundi nayo ibonisa iipropati eziphawulekayo, ezifana neempawu ze-photorefractive ze-barium titanate; Ubushushu obuphezulu be-YBa2Cu3O7, kunye nombala oluhlaza oyimfuneko wetyuwa ye-barium kwi-fireworks, zonke ziye zaba yimbalasane yezinto ze-barium.