Ukulungiswa kwe-barium
Ukulungiswa kwemizi-mveliso yei-metallic bariumibandakanya amanyathelo amabini: ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide kunye nokulungiswa kwe-metallic barium ngokunciphisa i-thermal yensimbi (ukunciphisa i-aluminothermic).
| Imveliso | Barium | ||
| Inombolo yeCAS | 7647-17-8 | ||
| Inombolo yeqela. | 16121606 | Ubuninzi: | 100.00kg |
| Umhla wokwenziwa: | Dec, 16,2016 | Umhla wovavanyo: | Dec, 16,2016 |
| Inqaku lovavanyo w/% | Iziphumo | Inqaku lovavanyo w/% | Iziphumo |
| Ba | >99.92% | Sb | <0.0005 |
| Be | <0.0005 | Ca | 0.015 |
| Na | <0.001 | Sr | 0.045 |
| Mg | 0.0013 | Ti | <0.0005 |
| Al | 0.017 | Cr | <0.0005 |
| Si | 0.0015 | Mn | 0.0015 |
| K | <0.001 | Fe | <0.001 |
| As | <0.001 | Ni | <0.0005 |
| Sn | <0.0005 | Cu | <0.0005 |
| Umgangatho woVavanyo | Yiba, Na kunye nezinye izinto ze-16: ICP-MS Ca, Sr: ICP-AES IBa: TC-TIC | ||
| Isiphelo: | Ukuthobela umgangatho weshishini | ||
(1) Ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide
Umgangatho ophezulu we-barite ore kufuneka uqale ukhethwe ngesandla kwaye udadayo, kwaye emva koko isinyithi kunye ne-silicon zisuswe ukuze zifumane i-concentrate equkethe ngaphezu kwe-96% ye-barium sulfate. I-ore powder ene-particle ubukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-20 mesh ixutywe namalahle okanye i-petroleum coke powder kumlinganiselo wobunzima be-4: 1, kwaye yosiwe kwi-1100 ℃ kwisithando somlilo. I-barium sulfate iyancitshiswa ibe yi-barium sulfide (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "black ash"), kwaye isisombululo esifunyenweyo se-barium sulfide sihlanjululwa ngamanzi ashushu. Ukuze uguqule i-barium sulfide kwi-barium carbonate precipitation, i-sodium carbonate okanye i-carbon dioxide kufuneka ifakwe kwi-barium sulfide isisombululo samanzi. I-Barium oxide inokufumaneka ngokuxuba i-barium carbonate kunye ne-carbon powder kunye nokuyibala ngaphezu kwe-800℃. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-barium oxide i-oxidized ukwenza i-barium peroxide kwi-500-700 ℃, kwaye i-barium peroxide inokubola ukwenza i-barium oxide kwi-700-800℃. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukuveliswa kwe-barium peroxide, imveliso ye-calcined idinga ukupholisa okanye ukucima phantsi kokukhuselwa kwegesi ye-inert.
(2) Indlela yokunciphisa i-aluminothermic yokuvelisa i-metallic barium
Ngenxa yezithako ezahlukeneyo, kukho iimpendulo ezimbini ze-aluminiyam yokunciphisa i-barium oxide:
6BaO+2Al→3BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑
Okanye: 4BaO+2Al→BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑
Kwi-1000-1200℃, ezi mpendulo zimbini zivelisa i-barium encinci kakhulu, ngoko ke impompo yokufunxa iyafuneka ngokuqhubekayo ukuhambisa umphunga we-barium ukusuka kwindawo yokusabela ukuya kwindawo yokudibanisa ukuze ukusabela kuqhubele phambili ukuya ngasekunene. Intsalela emva kokusabela iyityhefu kwaye kufuneka inyangwe phambi kokuba ilahlwe.
Ukulungiswa kweengqungquthela ze-barium eziqhelekileyo
(1) Indlela yokulungiselela i-barium carbonate
① Indlela yeCarbonization
Indlela ye-carbonization ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuxuba i-barite kunye namalahle kwinqanaba elithile, ukuwatyumza kwi-rotary kiln kunye ne-calcining kunye nokunciphisa kwi-1100-1200 ℃ ukufumana i-barium sulfide melt. Ikharbon diokside ifakwa kwisisombululo se-barium sulfide ukuze i-carbonization, kwaye impendulo ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
BaS+CO2+H2O=BaCO3+H2S
I-barium carbonate slurry efunyenweyo i-desulfurized, ihlanjwe kwaye i-vacuum ihluzwe, kwaye yomiswe kwaye icolwe kwi-300 ℃ ukufumana imveliso ye-barium carbonate egqityiweyo. Le ndlela ilula kwinkqubo kwaye iphantsi kweendleko, ngoko yamkelwa ngabakhiqizi abaninzi.
② Indlela yokubola kabini
I-Barium sulfide kunye ne-ammonium carbonate ziye zasabela ngokubola kabini, kwaye impendulo ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-BaS+(NH4)2CO3=BaCO3+(NH4)2S
Okanye i-barium chloride iphendula kunye ne-potassium carbonate, kwaye impendulo ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
BaCl2+K2CO3=BaCO3+2KCl
Imveliso efunyenwe kwi-reaction emva koko ihlanjwe, ihluzwe, yomiswe, njl njl ukufumana imveliso egqityiweyo ye-barium carbonate.
③ Indlela yeBarium carbonate
I-Barium carbonate powder iphendulwa ngetyuwa ye-ammonium ukuvelisa ityuwa ye-barium e-soluble, kwaye i-ammonium carbonate iphinda isetyenziswe. Ityuwa ye-barium e-Soluble yongezwa kwi-ammonium carbonate ukuze iqhube i-barium carbonate ecocekileyo, ehluzwayo kwaye yomiswe ukwenza imveliso egqityiweyo. Ukongeza, utywala obufunyenweyo bunokuphinda busetyenziswe. Impendulo yile ilandelayo:
BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2
BaCl2+2NH4OH=Ba(OH)2+2NH4Cl
Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2O
(2) Indlela yokulungiselela i-barium titanate
① Indlela yesigaba esiqinileyo
I-Barium titanate inokufumaneka nge-calcining barium carbonate kunye ne-titanium dioxide, kwaye nayiphi na enye into enokuthi ifakwe kuyo. Impendulo yile ilandelayo:
TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑
② Indlela yokulinganisa
I-Barium chloride kunye ne-titanium tetrachloride zixutywe kwaye zinyibilikisiwe ngezixa ezilinganayo, zifudunyezwe ukuya kuma-70°C, ze emva koko i-oxalic acid igalelwe i-dropwise ukufumana i-hydrated barium titanyl oxalate [BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O] precipitate, ehlanjwayo, yomiswe, kwaye emva koko ifumane i-barium titanyl oxalate. Impendulo yile ilandelayo:
BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O↓ + 6HCl
BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2↑ + 2CO↑ + 4H2O
Emva kokubetha i-metatitanic acid, isisombululo se-barium chloride songezwa, kwaye ke i-ammonium carbonate yongezwa phantsi kokuvuselela ukuvelisa i-coprecipitate ye-barium carbonate kunye ne-metatitanic acid, e-calcined ukufumana imveliso. Impendulo yile ilandelayo:
BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl
H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑ + H2O
(3) Ukulungiswa kwe-barium chloride
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-barium chloride ikakhulu ibandakanya indlela ye-hydrochloric acid, indlela ye-barium carbonate, indlela ye-calcium chloride kunye nendlela ye-magnesium chloride ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo okanye izinto eziluhlaza.
① Indlela ye-Hydrochloric acid. Xa i-barium sulfide iphathwa nge-hydrochloric acid, impendulo ephambili yile:
BaS+2HCI=BaCl2+H2S↑+Q
②Indlela yeBarium carbonate. Yenziwe nge-barium carbonate (barium carbonate) njengemathiriyeli ekrwada, ezona mpendulo ziphambili zezi:
BaCO3+2HCI=BaCl2+CO2↑+H2O
③Indlela yokwenza ikhabhoni
Iziphumo ze-barium kwimpilo yabantu
I-barium ichaphazela njani impilo?
I-Barium ayiyona nto ibalulekileyo kumzimba womntu, kodwa inempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. I-Barium inokuvezwa kwi-barium ngexesha lokumbiwa kwe-barium, ukunyibilika, ukuveliswa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-barium compounds. I-Barium kunye neekhompawundi zayo zinokungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa umgudu wokuphefumla, umgudu wokugaya ukutya, kunye nolusu olonakeleyo. Ityhefu ye-barium yomsebenzi ibangelwa ikakhulu kukuphefumla ngokuphefumla, okwenzeka kwiingozi ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa; i-non-occupational barium poisoning ibangelwa ikakhulu kukutya kwe-digestive tract, ininzi ebangelwa kukungena ngengozi; iikhompawundi ze-barium ezinyibilikayo ezinolwelo zinokufunxwa ngolusu olonzakeleyo. Ityhefu ye-barium ebukhali ibangelwa ikakhulu kukuginya ngengozi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango
(1) I-radiography yokutya kweBarium
I-Barium meal radiography, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-digestive tract barium radiography, yindlela yokuhlola esebenzisa i-barium sulfate njenge-agent echaseneyo ukubonisa ukuba kukho izilonda kwi-digestive tract phantsi kwe-X-ray irradiation. I-Barium meal radiography kukungeniswa komlomo we-agent echaseneyo, kwaye i-barium sulfate yonyango esetyenziswa njenge-agent echaseneyo ayinyibiliki emanzini kunye ne-lipids kwaye ayiyi kuxutywa yi-gastrointestinal mucosa, ngoko ke ayinayo ityhefu ebantwini.
Ngokweemfuno zokuxilongwa kweklinikhi kunye nonyango, i-radiography ye-gastrointestinal barium meal inokwahlulwa ibe yi-barium yokutya ye-gastrointestinal gastrointestinal, i-gastrointestinal barium yokutya, i-colon barium enema kunye ne-intestinal barium enema yovavanyo oluncinci.
Ityhefu yeBarium
Iindlela zokuvezwa
I-Barium inokubonakaliswa kuyobariumngexesha lokumbiwa kwe-barium, ukunyibilikiswa, kunye nokuveliswa. Ukongezelela, i-barium kunye neekhompawundi zayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iityuwa ze-barium ezinetyhefu eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-barium carbonate, i-barium chloride, i-barium sulfide, i-nitrate ye-barium, kunye ne-barium oxide. Ezinye iimfuno zemihla ngemihla zikwaqulethe i-barium, njenge-barium sulfide kumachiza okususa iinwele. Ezinye ii-agent zokulawula izinambuzane zezolimo okanye i-rodenticides nazo zineetyuwa ze-barium ezinyibilikayo ezifana ne-barium chloride kunye ne-barium carbonate.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-15-2025