Ngaba ziZinyithi okanye izimbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba?

Ngaba ziZinyithi okanye izimbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba?

Umhlaba onqabileyoyintsimbi. Umhlaba onqabileyo ligama elidityanisiweyo lezinto ezili-17 zetsimbi kwitheyibhile yeperiodic, kubandakanya izinto zelanthanide kunye nescandium kunye neyttrium. Kukho iindidi ezingama-250 zeeminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwindalo. Umntu wokuqala owafumana umhlaba onqabileyo ngusokhemisti waseFinland uGadolin. Ngo-1794, wahlulahlula into yokuqala enqabileyo yomhlaba kwintsimbi ekrwada enzima efana ne-asphalt.

Umhlaba onqabileyo ligama elidityanisiweyo lezinto zetsimbi ezili-17 kwitheyibhile yeperiodic yezinto zekhemikhali. Bayimihlaba enqabileyo yokukhanya,i-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-promethium, i-samarium, kunye ne-europium; Izinto ezinzima ezinqabileyo zomhlaba: i-gadolinium, i-terbium, i-dysprosium, i-holmium, i-erbium, i-thulium, i-ytterbium, i-lutetium, i-scandium, kunye ne-yttrium.Imihlaba enqabileyo ikhona njengeminerali, ngoko ke iyiminerali kunomhlaba. I-China inobona vimba bomhlaba banqabileyo abatyebileyo, ikakhulu kumaphondo nakwizixeko ezinje nge-Inner Mongolia, iShandong, iSichuan, iJiangxi, njl.

Umhlaba onqabileyo kugxininiso lomhlaba onqabileyo ukwimo ye-insoluble carbonates, fluorides, phosphates, oxides, okanye silicates. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kufuneka ziguqulwe zibe ziikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo emanzini okanye kwi-asidi ye-inorganic ngotshintsho lweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, kwaye emva koko zingene kwiinkqubo ezinje ngonyibiliko, ukwahlukana, ukucocwa, ukuxinana, okanye ukubala ukuvelisa imixube eyahlukeneyo yomhlaba enqabileyo efana nengxubevange yekloridi yomhlaba enqabileyo, enokusetyenziswa njengemveliso okanye imathiriyeli ekrwada yokwahlula izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-rare earth concentrate decomposition, eyaziwa ngokuba lunyango lwangaphambili.