Ngaba ziZinyithi okanye iziMbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba?

Ngaba ziZinyithi okanye iziMbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba?

Umhlaba onqabileyoyintsimbi. Umhlaba onqabileyo ligama elidityanisiweyo lezinto ezili-17 zetsimbi kwitheyibhile yeperiodic, kubandakanya izinto zelanthanide kunye nescandium kunye neyttrium. Kukho iindidi ezingama-250 zeeminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwindalo. Umntu wokuqala owafumana umhlaba onqabileyo ngusokhemisti waseFinland uGadolin. Ngo-1794, wahlulahlula uhlobo lokuqala lwento enqabileyo yomhlaba kwintsimbi ekrwada enzima efana ne-asphalt.

Umhlaba onqabileyo ligama elidityanisiweyo lezinto zetsimbi ezili-17 kwitheyibhile yeperiodic yezinto zekhemikhali. Bayimihlaba enqabileyo yokukhanya,i-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-promethium, i-samarium, kunye ne-europium; Izinto ezinzima ezinqabileyo zomhlaba: i-gadolinium, i-terbium, i-dysprosium, i-holmium, i-erbium, i-thulium, i-ytterbium, i-lutetium, i-scandium, kunye ne-yttrium.Imihlaba enqabileyo ikhona njengeminerali, ngoko ke iyiminerali kunomhlaba. I-China inobona vimba bomhlaba banqabileyo abatyebileyo, ikakhulu kumaphondo nakwizixeko ezinje nge-Inner Mongolia, iShandong, iSichuan, iJiangxi, njl.

Umhlaba onqabileyo kugxininiso lomhlaba onqabileyo ukwimo ye-insoluble carbonates, i-fluorides, iphosphates, i-oxides, okanye i-silicates. Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kufuneka ziguqulwe zibe ziikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo emanzini okanye kwi-asidi ye-inorganic ngotshintsho olwahlukeneyo lwekhemikhali, emva koko zenzeke iinkqubo ezinje ngonyibiliko, ukwahlukana, ukucocwa, ukuxinana, okanye ukubala ukuvelisa iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezidityanisiweyo ezinqabileyo ezinje ngengxubevange yekloridi yomhlaba enqabileyo, ethi inokusetyenziswa njengemveliso okanye imathiriyeli ekrwada yokwahlula izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-rare earth concentrate decomposition, eyaziwa ngokuba lunyango lwangaphambili.