Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kwizinto ezithile

Ukusetyenziswa kweUmhlaba onqabileyoKwizixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinolwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki ezingama-4f, umzuzu omkhulu we-atomic, i-spin eyomeleleyo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Xa usenza ezinye izinto, inombolo yazo yonxibelelaniso inokwahluka ukusuka kwi-6 kuye kwi-12. I-RARD TARTS PROURDs zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zekristali. Iipropathi ezizodwa zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zobumhlaba ezinqabileyo zenza ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwinyibiba esemgangathweni yensimbi kunye neglasi ye-fernet, izixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu, izixhobo ze-Hydrogen, izixhobo ze-Hydrogen, izixhobo zenyukliya, kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ngokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezithile ezihlanganisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kuye kwandiswa kwicandelo lezinto ezihlanganisiweyo, ukutsala umdla obanzi ekuphuculeni iipropathi ze-tenterties.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zomsebenzi onqabileyo kumalungiselelo ezinto ezihlanganisiweyo zibandakanya: ① ​​YongezaI-Rure Sourtalskwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo; Yongeza kwifom yeI-ox ox ox ox oxkwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo; ③ I-Pollymers ye-Pollymers inamachaphaza okanye ibotshwe ngeentsimbi zomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-polymers zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zematrix kwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo. Phakathi kwezi ndlela zintathu zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, iifom ezimbini zokuqala zongezwa kakhulu kwi-Metal Matrix, ngelixa okwesithathu zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimidlalo yePolymer Matrix, kwaye i-Ceramix Taramix yongezwa kwifom yesibini.

Umhlaba onqabileyoInxalenye yenzekile kwi-matrix yensimbi kunye ne-ceramic matrix ye-matrix ngendlela yongezelelo, izizwe, kunye nokongezwa kwendlela, ukuphucula iindleko zokusebenza, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, nokwenza isicelo sawo semveliso, kwaye senze isicelo semveliso.

Ukongezwa kwezinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo njengezongezelelo kwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo ikakhulu zidlala indima ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwempahla yokuziphatha kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwe-matrix ye-matrix. Indlela yokwenza isenzo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

① Ukuphucula ukutshintsha phakathi kwe-matrix yentsimbi kunye nesigaba sokuqina. I-electronegativer yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziphantsi kakhulu (ezincinci ze-electronegativer yezinyithi, kokukhona isebenza ngakumbi i-elektronegatiges yezinto ezingezizo). Umzekelo, i-LI ngo-1.1, CE ngu-1.12, kwaye y ngu-1.22. I-electronegatiges yentsimbi yesi-7 yentsimbi yentsimbi ngu-1.83, i-NI ngu-1.91, kwaye i-al ngu-1.61. Ke ngoko, izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziya kukhetha i-adferb yendawo yokudla okuziinkozo ze-matrix ye-matrix kunye nenqanaba lokunyanzelwa, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokuncamathela, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokuncamathela, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokuncamathela, ukunciphisa i-angle yokubulala, kunye nokuphucula iSigaba seMatrix kunye nokuqhekeka. Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba into eyongezwayo kwi-Aluminium Matrixly iphucula ulwelo lwe-ale kunye ne-aluminium, kwaye iphucula icandelo elincinci lezinto ezihlanganisiweyo.

② Khuthaza ukuphuculwa kweengqolowa zensimbi. Ukunyibilisela umhlaba onqabileyo kwi-Crystal yentsimbi kuncinanana, kuba i-Atomic radies yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinkulu, kwaye i-atomic radix ye-matrix incinci. Ukungenela izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezine-radius enkulu kwi-matrix lagece kuya kubangela i-hice digertice, eya kwandisa amandla enkqubo. Ukugcina amandla asezantsi asimahla, iiathom zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokuphucula kuphela kwimida yokudla okuziinkozo, okwethutyana zithintela ukukhula ngokukhululekileyo kweMatrixe. Kwangelo xesha, izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziya kuqinisekisa ezinye izinto ze-Aloy, ezikhulisa ubuchule bezinto ze-Aloy, ezibangela ukuba i-suclend yendawo yengozi ye-nyrogeneous matrix. Ukongeza, i-intercool ebibangelwe kukukhuthaza ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulo lwe-nuclogenes, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kweengqolowa zentsimbi.

③ hlambulula imida yokudla okuziinkozo. Ngenxa yobuma obomeleleyo phakathi kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nezinto ezinjenge-O, S, p, n, njl., Njl. Ezi ndawo zinendawo ezinyibilikayo kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu, ezinye zazo zinokususwa ngokudada kulwelo lwendalo, ngelixa ezinye zisasazwa ngokungcoliseka emdeni wokungcola, emva koko zisuse amandla okuziinkozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okuziinkozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okuziinkozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okuziinkozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okuziinkozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okuziinkozo kunye nokuphucula amandla okuziinkozo.

Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu kunye nokunyibilika okucothayo komhlaba onqabileyo, xa bongezwa kwi-Metal Matrix yentsimbi, ukunxibelelana kwabo ngeoksijini kufuneka kulawulwe ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokongeza.

Inani lezinto ezininzi zibonakalise ukuba ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo we-oxider, i-AIDS, kunye ne-Coning Storesite kwi-Tourix ye-Matrix kunye ne-Ceramic Matrix, kwaye ke kunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa. Eyona ndlela iphambili yesenzo sayo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

① Njengoosongezelelo senkunkuma, kunokukukhuthaza ukona kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuqina kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo. Ukongezwa kwezongezo zokona kukwenza isigaba solwelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukunciphisa ukungalungisi amaqondo obushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokufumana i-senting, kwaye ufumane izinto ezimbi zeSigaba seSigaba soLwanti. Ngenxa yozinzo oluphezulu, ubuthathaka bokuziqhelanisa kakhulu nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu kunye nokubilisa komhlaba onqabileyo we-oxide, banokwenza izigaba zeglasi kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo nokukhuthaza ukongezwa kwenkunkuma, kubenza bongeziweyo. Kwangelo xesha, umhlaba onqabileyo oxide unokwenza isisombululo esiqinileyo kunye ne-matrix ye-ceramic, enokuvelisa iziphene ze-cerix, ezinokuvelisa iziphene ze-crystal, zinokuvelisa iziphene ze-crystance ngaphakathi, zisebenze kwaye zikhuthaze i-lattle.

② Ukuphuculwa koomasipala okuncinci kunye nokuphucula ubungakanani beenkozo. Ngenxa yokuba inyani yokuba longezwe umhlaba onqabileyo we-oxider ukhona kwimida yengqolowa, kwaye inciphisa ukukhula kwemida yengqolowa, kwaye ithintele ukukhula okungekho ngqiqweni. Banokufumana iingqolowa ezincinci kunye neyunifomu, ezilungele ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezimnyama; Kwelinye icala, ngokudala i-oxcos yomhlaba onqabileyo, bangena kwisigaba seglasi yomda wengqolowa, ukuphucula amandla esigaba seglasi kwaye ke kufezekisa iinjongo zokuphucula ubume boomatshini bokuphucula ubuchwephesha bezinto.

Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kuma-polymer matriemers ikakhulu ibachaphazele ngokuphucula iipropathi ze-polymer matrix. I-Ox Ago oxide yeqondo lokugcina i-thelymers, ngelixa i-calborsylates enqabileyo yasemhlabeni inokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-polyvinyl chloride. Ukucombulula i-polystyrene enemilinganiselo yomhlaba onqabileyo kunokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-polystyrene kwaye yonyusa kakhulu amandla ayo kunye nokugoba amandla.