1, Inkcazo yezixhobo zenyukliya
Ngokwendlela ebanzi, izinto zenyukliya ligama lesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ngabasebenzi benyukliya kunye nophando lwenzululwazi yeNyukliya, kubandakanya izixhobo zobunjineli zenyukliya kunye nenyukliya yenyukliya, okt kwizixhobo zenyukliya.
Izinto ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba zizinto zenyukliya ikakhulu zibhekisa kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesabelo, ezibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zenza. Izixhobo zokuphendula zibandakanya i-inylear ipetroli ephantsi kwe-neutlear ye-neutron ye-netron ye-neuels ze-nuel, i-neutron, i-neuttronetors (kunye nezixhobo ezibonisa i-neutron ivuza ngaphandle kwesakrakra.
2, ubudlelwane obunxulumene phakathi kwezixhobo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya
I-Monazite, ibizwa ngokuba yiPisphocerite kunye nePisprecerite, yimineral eqhelekileyo ye-Acid Ecid IGneous Rock kunye nelitye laseMetamorphic. I-Monazite yenye yeeminerali eziphambili zentsimbi enqabileyo yentsimbi, kwaye ikwakhona kwilitye elithile le-sediment. I-brownish ibomvu, ityheli, ngamanye amaxesha ityheli etyheli, inesicoci eligreyithi, inesicoci, ubunzima obupheleleyo be-5-5.5, kunye nobume obuthile bomhla wama-4-5.
Eyona mineral ye-ore ye-ore ye-plarer yendawo enqabileyo yomhlaba e-China yiMonazite, eHunan, Junhai, Junhai, Yunnan, Gunni. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa kohlobo lwendawo enqabileyo yendawo enqabileyo ngamaxesha amaninzi ayinantsingiselo yezoqoqosho. Amatye odwa ahlala equlethe izinto ezifunekiyo ze-thorium kwaye ikwangowona mthombo ophambili wePlutonium.
3, Amagqabantshintshi ngosetyenziso olunqabileyo lomhlaba kwi-nuclear fusion kunye ne-nuclear fions ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo lwePatent Panomic
Emva kokuba amagama aphambili ezinto zokukhangela emhlabeni onqabileyo ayandiswa ngokupheleleyo, zidityaniswe nezitshixo zokwanda kunye neenombolo zokuhlelwa zenyukliya kunye ne-fusion yenyukliya, kwaye zikhangele kwindawo ebonakalayo. Umhla wokukhangela ngo-Agasti 24, 2020. 4820. Ngama-4837 amalungelo obhaliso afunyanwa emva kosapho olulali, kunye nama-4673 amalungelo awodwa omenzi wengxolo.
Izicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwicandelo le-nuclear okanye i-nuclear fusion zisasazwa kumazwe angama-56, i-China, i-United States kunye neRussia ziqhubekile kwicandelo leminyaka emininzi (umzobo 1).
Umzobo 1 Ukusetyenziswa kwelungelo lokusebenza kwetekhnoloji enxulumene nokusetyenziswa komhlaba kwi-Nuleary Fises kunye ne-Nulear Fusion kumazwe / emimandla
Ingabonwa kuhlalutyo lwemixholo yezobuchwephesha ukuba ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kwi-Nulear Fusions kunye ne-Scincians, izixhobo zenyukliya, i-Geclear, i-Gecleary Action kunye nezinye izikhombisi zobugcisa.
4, Izicelo ezizodwa kunye noPhando oluphambili lwePatent yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwizinto zenyukliya
Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlonipha inyukliya kunye nenkqubo yenyukliya yokuthatha izinto zenyukliya kunzulu, kwaye iimfuno zezinto ezikhoyo zingqongqo. Okwangoku, iisandi zombane ikakhulu zii-fuclear reactors, kunye ne-fusions zinokuthandwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu emva kweminyaka engama-50. Ukusetyenziswa kweumhlaba onqabileyoizinto ngokwezinto zesakhiwo solwakhiwo; Kwimimandla yemichiza ethile yenyukliya, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiintonga zokulawula; Ukwengeza,Isikaliisetyenzisiwe kwi-radiochemists kunye neshishini lenyukliya.
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Kwi-reactors yamandla, ukwenziwa kwentsalela yokuqala ye-Cores entsha ngokubanzi iphezulu ngokubanzi. Ingakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala omjikelo wokuqala we-relioting, xa zonke i-nuel i-nuller intsha intsha, ukusalela okusele kuhlala kuphezulu. Okwangoku, sixhomekeke kuphela kwiintonga zolawulo zokulawula ukuhlawula indawo entsalelayo iya kuzisa iintonga zolawulo ngakumbi. I-rod nganye yentonga (okanye i-rod bundle ihambelana nokungeniswa kwendlela yokuqhuba entsonkothileyo. Kwelinye icala, oku kunyusa iindleko, kwaye kwelinye icala, imingxunya yokuvula kwinqanawa yoxinzelelo intloko inokukhokelela ekuncipheni kwamandla. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-UNEICOOICIC, kodwa ayivunyelwa ukuba ibe nenani elithile le-piresity kunye namandla kwintloko yenqanawa yoxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokukhulisa iintonga zolawulo, kufuneka ukonyusa uxinzelelo lwe-toxins ebumba (njenge-boric acid) ukuhlawula imali eseleyo. Kule meko, kulula kuxinzelelo lwe-boron ukuba ligqithe kumda, kwaye amaqondo obushushu asebenzela imodareyitha aya kuba nethemba.
Ukuthintela ezi ngxaki zichazwe ngasentla, indibaniselwano yokufakwa kweetyholo ezinokutsha, iintonga zokulawula, kunye nokulawulwa kwembuyekezo yemichiza kunokusetyenziselwa ukulawula.
(2) Njengomda wokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinto zesakhiwo
Izinto zokuphendula zifuna izinto zezakhiwo kunye nezinto zefutha zwe nenqanaba elithile lamandla, ukuxhathisa i-corosion, kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal, ngelixa inokuthintela iimveliso ze-fessing ekuphuculeni ukupholisa.
1) .rare yensimbi yensimbi
I-nuclear ye-nuclear ineemeko ezigqithisileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, kwaye icandelo ngalinye lomsebenzi we-reactor likwaneemfuno eziphezulu zensimbi esetyenzisiweyo. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinefuthe elikhethekileyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwintsimbi, ikakhulu kubandakanya ukucocwa, i-metamorphism, i-microsarphism, kunye nokuphuculwa kokunganyangeki kokunganyangeki. Umhlaba onqabileyo ophethe izitho zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-nuclear reacac.
① Iziphumo zokucoca: Uphando olukhoyo lubonakalisile ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo unefuthe elicocekileyo le-molten kwiqondo lobushushu. Kungenxa yokuba umhlaba onqabileyo unokusabela ngezinto eziyingozi ezinje ngeoksijini kunye ne-sulfure kwintsimbi enesitya se-molten ukuvelisa imigangatho ephezulu yobushushu. Amaqondo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokupheliswa kwaye akhutshwe ngendlela yokubandakanywa ngaphambi kokuba inyibilike inyibilikisi, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umxholo ongalunganga kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo.
I-Metamorphism: Kwelinye icala, ii-oxidel, i-sullsfides okanye i-oxylus eveliswe yintsimbi enqabileyo kwi-oxyn kunye ne-sulfur zinokugcinwa ngentsimbi yenxalenye yentsimbi. Ezi zinto zibandakanyayo zinokusetyenziswa njengamaziko e-culleneous eqingqiweyo ngexesha lokuqiniswa kwensimbi ye-molten, ngenxa yoko ukuphucula ubume kunye nesakhiwo sensimbi.
I-microallololopering: Ukuba ukongezwa komhlaba onqabileyo kuyanda, umhlaba onqabileyo uya kuchithwa kwintsimbi emva kokuhlanjululwa ngentla kugqityiwe kwaye i-metamorphis igqityiwe. Ukusukela oko i-Atomic radic yomhlaba onqabileyo inkulu kuneatom yentsimbi, umhlaba onqabileyo unomsebenzi ophezulu. Ngexesha lenkqubo eqinisekileyo yentsimbi ye-molten, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zixhaphakile kumda weenkozo, ezinokuthi zinciphise ukwahlula imida yenkohlakeleyo, oko ke kusomeleza isisombululo esiqinileyo kwaye sidlala indima ye-microallololololoud. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yeempawu zokugcina i-hydrogen zendawo enqabileyo, banokufumana i-hydrogen kwintsimbi, ngaloo ndlela ukuphuculwa ngempumelelo imeko yokuyitshintsha i-hydrogen.
Ukuphucula ukunganyangeki koKhombo: ukongezwa kwemisebenzi enqabileyo yomhlaba kunokuphucula ukumelana nokunganyangeki kwentsimbi. Kungenxa yokuba umhlaba onqabileyo unesikhuselo esiphezulu sokungasebenzi kakuhle kunentsimbi engenasiseko. Ke ngoko, ukongezwa kwemihlaba enqabileyo kunokunyusa amandla okubangelwa kwentsimbi engenasigaba, ngaloo ndlela kuphucule uzinzo lwensimbi kwimithombo yeendaba.
2). Isifundo se-patent
I-patent ephambili: Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokusasazeka kwe-oxide esomeleza intsimbi yenzala yentsimbi kunye nendlela yokulungiselela kwayo ngokumiselwa kwezinyithi, i-Chinese Academy yeSayensi
I-Patent Abstrat: Ukunikezelwa kwasasazwa sisifo esomeleza intsimbi ephantsi intsimbi ilungele i-cussion yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-Br i-1.5% ≤ I-0,5%, I-0.03% ≤ ≤ 0.2%, 0.1 ≤ Mn ≤ 0.6%, kunye ne-0,6%, kunye ne-0,6% ≤ y2o3 ≤ I-0.5%.
Inkqubo yemveliso: I-Fe-Cr-CR-WV-TY MNALY SMENDE YENKONZO, I-AMAMER YAMANZI AMANZI AMANGQINA AMANZI AMABHUNGA ALANDY AWARY KAKHULU NOKUY2o3 nanoparcicleI-powder exutywe, ipowder edibanisa ukukhutshelwa, inyibilikisiwe, ishushu, kunye nonyango lobushushu.
Indlela yoNyiko yoMhlaba onqabileyo: Yongeza i-nanoscaleY2o3Amasuntswana kwi-Aflid Amatomid Amatoming ye-AMAN-MALI YOKUGQIBELA, I-RING RING I-9 kunye ne-10 will igesi ye-ARGON ye-99.0, i-1, i-1, kunye nesantya esijikelezayo se-350-500 r / min.
I-3) .Kuhlukile ukwenza izixhobo zokhuselo lwe-neutron
Umgaqo wokhuseleko lwemitha ye-neutron
I-Neutrons ingamacandelo e-atomic nuclei, kunye nobunzima be-1.675 × 10-27kg, engu-1838 amaxesha e-elektroniki. Irediyo yayo imalunga ne-0.8 × 10m, ilingana nobungakanani kwiproton, ifana ne-γ imitha ayifani. Xa i-neutrons isebenzisana nomntu, zinxibelelana ikakhulu nemikhosi yenyukliya ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus, kwaye ayisebenzi kwii-elektroni kwiqokobhe langaphandle.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamandla enyukliya kunye netekhnoloji yokuphinda-phinda inyukliya, ngakumbi kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwemitha yenyukliya kunye nokhuseleko lwemitha yenyukliya. Ukwenzela ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwe-radia abaqhubi abaye babandakanyeka kulondolozo lwe-radiation kwixesha elide, lubaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi kunye nexabiso lokukhulisa impahla ekhuselekileyo. Imitha yeNeutron yeyona nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu yemitha yenyukliya. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lweendlela zokunxibelelana ngqo nabantu zincitshisiwe ukuya kwi-neutrons ephantsi ye-neutrons emva kwe-neuttroning upefs zezinto ezikhoyo ngaphakathi kwenyukliya. I-neutrons ephantsi yamandla iya kudibana ne-nuclei enenombolo yeatomic esezantsi kwaye iqhubeke imodareyithi. I-neutrons ye-thermal emodareyitha iya kuthathwa ngezinto ezinamacandelo amakhulu omnqamlezo, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-neutron yokukhuseleka iya kufezekiswa.
② Isifundo esiphambili se-patent
Iipropathi ze-charnic kunye ne-inorganic-inorganicInqaku lomhlaba elinqabileyoIGadiliniumIzixhobo zentsimbi zentsimbi zentsimbi zentsimbi zinyusa ukungahambelani kwazo nge-polythylene, ikhuthaze izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-Gedolium zokuba ne-Gadolium yomxholo kunye nokusasazeka kweGadolinium. Umxholo we-gedolium ephezulu kunye nokusasazeka kuya kuchaphazela ngqo i-neutron yokusebenza kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo.
I-Patent ephambili: I-HEFI I Institute yeSayensi yezeNzululwazi, i-Chinese Academy yeSayensi, indawo yelungelo lobuncedisi e-Gadoliium ye-Gadoliium ye-Gadoliium ye-Gadoliium
I-Patent Abstrat: I-GADOLINIUM yentsimbi ye-Skeollic Skeleton Acketon Acketing zizinto ezihlanganisiweyo zenziwe ngokuxubaIGadiliniumIsiseko sensimbi esekwe kwi-skelet ye-polythylene kumyinge wobunzima we-2: 1: 10 kwaye iyile ngokucofa i-shshuen okanye ukucinezelwa kweshushu. I-Gadolinium yentsimbi esekwe kwi-Skeleton ye-Skeleton Ecvings ineezinza eziphezulu ze-thermal kunye ne-thermal neutron ye-thermal ekhulayo.
Inkqubo yeMveliso: Ukukhetha eyahlukileyoI-GADOLINIUM yentsimbiiityuwa kunye ne-lerganic ligands ukulungiselela kwaye ziqhelisela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-gedolinium zentsimbi, zihlambulule kwiimolethi ezincinci ze-methanol, kwaye ziyisebenze kwi-roecugus entsokothileyo ye-vadyolium ye-vadolitiya; I-Gadolitiyo yase-Gadolinium ye-organometallic sutoton ilungiselelwe inyathelo lifudusekile nge-polyethylene lotion kwisantya esiphezulu, okanye i-ultra sometallic ye-orgalometallic sulture i-ralethylene kwiqondo eliphezulu le-iltra kubushushu obuphezulu kude kudityaniswe ngokupheleleyo; Beka i-gesilinium efanayo ye-Geadoliium ye-Skeollic Skeleethyyy ye-Skeollic Skeleteton ye-Skeollic Acketon ye-Skeollin, kwaye ufumane i-Gadoliium ye-Skeolliium ye-Skeolliium ye-Skeolliium ye-Skeollinium ye-Skeollin Acketon Popositing okanye ukucinezela okushushu; I-gedolinium yentsimbi elungiselelwe i-Geadoliium ye-Geadoniiling ye-GEADIST SKELATAN YOKUZIPHATHA KAKHULU UKUKHUSELEKO NGOKUGQIBELA, NEENKQUBO YOKUGQIBELA, kunye ne-Netroning Propathipt Neutron Netron Netron Liasekela ukuthengisa izinto ezinqabileyo ze-polyethylene.
Imowudi yoMmandla woMhlaba: I-GD2 (Bhc) (H2O) 6, GD (BDC)I-GD (No3) 3 • I-6h2o okanye i-GDCL3 • 6h2okunye nebhokisi yebhokisi ye-onxylic lignd; Ubungakanani be-gedolitiyo yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-GEADOLINICS i-50nm-2 μ;
(4) Ukusetyenziswa kweIsikalikwi-radiochemists kunye neshishini lenyukliya
I-Scandium Shrial inozinzo oluhle kunye nokusebenza okuqinileyo kwe-fluorine
I-Patent ephambili: I-China Aerospace Development IZiko le-Beijing yezixhobo ze-Aleronauti, indawo yokuyila i-Aluminium Scandium Scandium Scandium Scandium kunye nendlela yazo yokulungiselela
I-Patent Abstrat: I-aluminium zincI-Magnesium Scandium Scandiumkunye nendlela yokulungiselela kwayo. Ubume bemichiza kunye nepesenti ubunzima ye-aluminium ze-Aluminium Scandium Scandium ye-Allotium ye-Scandium: 0.4%, i-cu c -0%, i-SC ≤ -0.5%, i-SC ≤ -0%, enye into engcolileyo ≤ I-0.15%, kwaye isixa esisele i-al. Umelutyulisile we-Aluminium Zinc scandium Scandium Scans iyunifomu kwaye intsebenzo yayo izinzile, kunye namandla aphezulu angama-350MPA, kunye namandla aphezulu aphezulu kwi-370MPA yokudibanisa i-370MPA yokudibanisa i-370MPA yejoyine. Iimveliso zezinto ezibonakalayo zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zolwakhiwo kwi-aerospace, ishishini lenyukliya, izithuthi, iimpahla zemidlalo, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye namanye amasimi.
Inkqubo yokwenza ubume: Inyathelo loku-1, isikimo ngokwendlela yokwakhiwa kwentla; Inyathelo 2: Inyibilike kwiziko elinyibilikayo kwiqondo lobushushu lama-700 ℃ ~ 780 ℃; Inyathelo 3: Phila ulwelo lwensimbi enyibilikisiweyo, kwaye ugcine ubushushu besinyithi ngaphakathi kwe-700 ~ 750 ~ 2050 ℃ Ngexesha lokucocwa; Inyathelo 4: Emva kokucokiswa, kufanele ukuba kuvunyelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuma ngxi; Inyathelo lesi-5: Emva kokuma ngokupheleleyo, qala ukuphosa, gcina ubushushu bobungane ngaphakathi kwe-690 ℃ ~ 730 ℃, kwaye isantya sokuphosa yi-15-200mm / umzuzu; Inyathelo 6: Yenza i-homonisetion i-Homonistion i-Allody Iyot kwiziko lokufudumeza, ngeqondo lokushisa le-homonin ℃ ~ 470 ~ 470 ℃; Inyathelo lesi-7: Phola i-homogen ingot kwaye yenza i-proxrion eshushu ukuvelisa iiprofayili ngobukhulu bodonga olungaphezulu kwe-2.0mm. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphuma, iBillet kufuneka igcinwe kwiqondo lobushushu engama-350 ℃ ukuya kwi-410 ℃; Inyathelo 8: Cofa iprofayili yendlela yokuhamba kwesisombululo, kunye nobushushu besisombululo se-460-480 ℃; Inyathelo le-9: Emva kweeyure ezingama-72 zesisombululo esiqinileyo sokucinywa, sinyanzele ukwaluphala. Inkqubo yokuGcinwa kweMisebenzi yeSikhokelo yeSoftware yile: 90 ~ 110 ℃ / I-24 iiyure + 170 ~ iiyure ezingama-180 + 145 ~ / iiyure ezili-10.
Isishwankathelo sophando
Kuyo yonke, umhlaba onqabileyo wasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-Nusiar Fusions kunye ne-Nulear Fisels kwikhombano yezobuchwephesha, i-placmation, i-PLAY, i-PREARY, i-Uranyl kunye nePolden ye-Urany. Ngokuphathelele kwizixhobo zokufundisa, umhlaba onqabileyo unokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zesakhiwo kunye neempahla ezinxulumene neCemiramic, izixhobo zokulawula kunye ne-neutron yezixhobo zokhuseleko.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-26-2023