Njengoko sonke sisazi, iiminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo e-China zenziwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo okukhanya anqabileyo omhlaba, apho i-lanthanum kunye ne-cerium akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-60%. Ngokwandiswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina zemagnethi, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezikhanyayo, umhlaba onqabileyo wokugulisa umhlaba kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo kwishishini lesinyithi e-China unyaka nonyaka, imfuno yomhlaba onqabileyo ophakathi kunye nobunzima obunzima kwimarike yasekhaya nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kufunyaniswa ukuba ukukhanya okunqabileyo komhlaba kubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-catalytic kunye nokuphumelela kwinkqubo yokusabela kweekhemikhali ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esisodwa se-electron shell ye-4f. Ke ngoko, Ukusebenzisa umhlaba onqabileyo okhanyayo njengendlela elungileyo yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo. I-Catalyst luhlobo lwento enokukhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwaye ayisetyenziswa phambi nasemva kokusabela. Ukomeleza uphando olusisiseko lwe-catalysis yomhlaba enqabileyo ayikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa nokugcina izixhobo kunye namandla kunye nokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo, okuhambelana nolwalathiso lweqhinga lophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Kutheni izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinento yokwenza ne-catalytic?
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinesakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-elektroniki sangaphandle (4f), esisebenza njenge-athomu ephakathi ye-complex kwaye inamanani ahlukeneyo olungelelaniso ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-12. Ngenxa yokuba i-4f inesixhenxe se-valence electron orbitals enobuchule bokudibanisa, idlala indima "ye-backup chemical bond" okanye "i-valence eseleyo". Ke ngoko, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba azinamsebenzi we-catalytic kuphela, kodwa zinokusetyenziswa njengezongezo okanye i-cocatalysts ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-catalyst ye-catalysts, ngakumbi amandla okuchasa ukuguga kunye nobuchule bokuchasana netyhefu.
Okwangoku, indima ye-nano cerium oxide kunye ne-nano lanthanum oxide kunyango lwe-exhaust yemoto iye yaba yinto entsha.
Amacandelo anobungozi kwi-exhaust yemoto ikakhulu ibandakanya i-CO, i-HC kunye ne-NOx. Umhlaba onqabileyo osetyenziswa kumhlaba onqabileyo we-exhauth exhaust purification catalyst ngumxube we-cerium oxide, i-praseodymium oxide kunye ne-lanthanum oxide. Isixhobo sokucoca iimoto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zenziwe ngeeoksidi ezintsonkothileyo zomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-cobalt, imanganese kunye nelothe. Luhlobo lwe-ternary catalyst kunye ne-perovskite, uhlobo lwe-spinel kunye nesakhiwo, apho i-cerium oxide iyona nxalenye ephambili.Ngenxa yeempawu ze-redox ze-cerium oxide, amacandelo e-exhaust gas anokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
I-automobile exhaust yokucocwa i-catalyst yenziwa ikakhulu nge-honeycomb yeceramic (okanye isinyithi) ethwala kunye ne-surface esebenzayo yokwambathisa. I-coating esebenzayo iqulethwe kwindawo enkulu γ-Al2O3, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-oxide kwindawo yokuzinzisa indawo kunye nesinyithi esisebenzayo esichithwa kwi-coating. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-PT ye-PT ebiza i-PT kunye ne-RH, ukonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kuncitshiswe indleko zokwenza i-cemaight, i-LEOO3 ye-PH-RH tenaryst ukwenza i-ternary yentsimbi enqabileyo I-Catalyst nge isiphumo esihle kakhulu se-catalytic. I-La2O3 (UG-La01) kunye ne-CeO2 zisetyenziswe njengabakhuthazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-γ- i-Al2O3 ixhaswe yi-catalysts yensimbi ehloniphekileyo. Ngokutsho kophando, i-CeO2, eyona ndlela iphambili ye-La2O3 kwi-catalysts yentsimbi ehloniphekileyo yile ilandelayo:
1. ukuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic we-coating esebenzayo ngokongeza i-CeO2 ukugcina iinqununu zetsimbi ezinqabileyo ezihlakazekileyo kwi-coating esebenzayo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukunciphisa amanqaku e-catalytic lattice kunye nomonakalo kumsebenzi obangelwa yi-sintering. Ukongeza i-CeO2 (UG-Ce01) kwi-Pt / γ-Al2O3 inokusasaza kwi-γ-Al2O3 kuluhlu olulodwa (ubuninzi bexabiso le-single-layer dispersion yi-0.035g CeO2 / g γ-Al2O3), etshintsha iipropati zomphezulu we-γ-Al2O3 kwaye iphucule i-Pt yokusabalalisa i-dispersion okanye i-2 yokuchithwa kwe-Dispersion. Umgubasi, iqondo lokusasazwa kwePt lifikelela kwelona liphezulu. Umda wokusasazwa kwe-CeO2 lolona thamo lungcono lwe-CeO2. Kwimo ye-oxidation engaphezulu kwe-600℃, i-Rh ilahlekelwa kukusebenza kwayo ngenxa yokwenziwa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo phakathi kwe-Rh2O3 kunye ne-Al2O3. Ubukho be-CeO2 buya kunciphisa ukuphendula phakathi kwe-Rh kunye ne-Al2O3 kwaye ugcine ukusebenza kwe-Rh. I-La2O3 (UG-La01) inokuthintela ukukhula kwe-Pt ultrafine particles.Ukongeza i-CeO2 kunye ne-La2O3 (UG-La01) kwi-Pd / γ 2al2o3, kwafumaniseka ukuba ukongezwa kwe-CeO2 kukhuthaze ukusabalalisa kwe-Pd kwi-carrier kwaye kwavelisa ukunciphisa i-synergistic. Ukusabalalisa okuphezulu kwe-Pd kunye nokusebenzisana kwayo ne-CeO2 kwi-Pd / γ2Al2O3 iyisitshixo somsebenzi ophezulu we-catalyst.
2. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-air-fuel ratio (aπ f) Xa ubushushu bokuqala bemoto buphakama, okanye xa imo yokuqhuba kunye nesantya sitshintsha, isantya sokukhupha i-exhaust flow and exhaust gas composition composition, eyenza iimeko zokusebenza ze-automobile exhaust gas zokucoca i-catalyst zihlala zitshintsha kwaye zichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kwe-catalytic. Kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-π fuel yomoya kwi-stoichiometric ratio ye-1415 ~ 1416, ukwenzela ukuba i-catalyst ikwazi ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kumsebenzi wayo wokucoca.CeO2 i-valence oxide eguquguqukayo (Ce4 + ΠCe3 +), eneempawu ze-N-type semiconductor, kwaye inokugcinwa kwe-oksijini egqwesileyo kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla. Xa umlinganiselo we-A π F utshintsha, i-CeO2 inokudlala indima egqwesileyo ekuhlengahlengiseni umlinganiselo wamafutha omoya. Oko kukuthi, i-O2 ikhutshwa xa i-fuel is surplus ukunceda i-CO kunye ne-hydrocarbon oxidize; Kwimeko yomoya ogqithiseleyo, i-CeO2-x idlala indima yokunciphisa kwaye iphendule nge-NOx ukususa i-NOx kwi-exhaust gas ukufumana i-CeO2.
3. Umphumo we-cocatalyst Xa umxube we-aπ f ukwi-stoichiometric ratio, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation reaction ye-H2, i-CO, i-HC kunye nokunciphisa ukusabela kwe-NOx, i-CeO2 njenge-cocatalyst inokukhawulezisa ukufuduka kwegesi yamanzi kunye ne-steam reforming reaction kunye nokunciphisa umxholo we-CO kunye ne-HC. I-La2O3 inokuphucula izinga lokuguqulwa kwi-reaction ye-gas migration yamanzi kunye ne-hydrocarbon steam reforming reaction.I-hydrogen eyenziwe iluncedo ekunciphiseni i-NOx. Ukongeza i-La2O3 kwi-Pd / CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 yokuchithwa kwe-methanol, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-La2O3 kuvimbele ukubunjwa kwemveliso ye-dimethyl ether kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic we-catalyst. Xa umxholo weLa2O3 yi-10%, i-catalyst inomsebenzi omhle kwaye ukuguqulwa kwe-methanol kufikelela kubuninzi (malunga ne-91.4%). Oku kubonisa ukuba i-La2O3 ine-dispersion enhle kwi-γ-Al2O3 carrier.Ngaphezu koko, ikhuthaze ukusabalalisa kwe-CeO2 kwi-γ2Al2O3 carrier kunye nokunciphisa i-oksijini eninzi, iphucula ngakumbi ukusabalalisa kwe-Pd kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Pd kunye ne-CeO2, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umsebenzi we-catalytic we-methanoly deposition.
Ngokweempawu zokhuselo lwangoku lokusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, i-China kufuneka iphuhlise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezixhobo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, ukufikelela kusetyenziso olusebenzayo lwemithombo yomhlaba enqabileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuqalwa kobuchwephesha bezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kunye nokuqonda uphuhliso oluya phambili lwamaqela amashishini aphezulu afana nomhlaba onqabileyo, okusingqongileyo kunye namandla amatsha.
Okwangoku, iimveliso ezibonelelwa yinkampani ziquka i-nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminiyam hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano copper oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide, nano oxide nanoferning i-oxide, i-agent ye-antibacterial nano kunye ne-graphene.Umgangatho wemveliso uzinzile, kwaye uthengelwe kwiibhetshi ngamashishini ezizwe ngezizwe.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-04-2022